Worksheet - 1 Tangent - Normal
Worksheet - 1 Tangent - Normal
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Let y = f(x) be function with graph as shown in figure. Consider secant PQ. If Q tends to P
along the curve passing through the points Q1, Q2, .....I.e. Q P, secant PQ will
become tangent at P. A line through P
dy
Geometrical Meaning of
dx
As Q P, h 0 and slope of chord PQ tends to slope of tangent at P (see figure).
f(x h) f(x)
Slope of chord PQ =
h
f(x h) f(x)
lim slope of chord PQ = lim
Q P h0 h
dy
slope of tangent at P = f(x) =
dx
Equation of tangent and normal
dy
= f(x1) denotes the slope of tangent at point (x1, y1) on the curve y = f(x). Hence
dx ( x1, y1 )
the equation of tangent at (x1, y1) is given by
(y – y1) = f(x1) (x – x1) ; when, f(x1) is real.
Also, since normal is a line perpendicular to tangent at (x1 , y1) so its equation is given
by
1
(y – y1) = – (x – x1), when f(x1) is nonzero real.
f (x1 )
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If f(x1) = 0, then tangent is the line y = y1 and normal is the line x = x1.
f(x1 h) f(x1 )
If lim = or – , then x = x1 is tangent (VERTICAL TANGENT) and y =
h 0 h
y1 is normal.
dy
= – 1.
dx ( x1 , y1 )
1
– = – 1.
(x1 1)2
x1 = 0 or 2
y1 = – 1 or 1
Hence tangent at (0, – 1) and (2, 1) are the required lines (see figure) with
equations
– 1(x – 0) = (y + 1) and – 1 (x – 2) = (y – 1)
x+y+1=0 and y+x=3
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Hence the point of contact is (– 2, 2)
dy dy
= 2x + 1 = – 3.
dx dx x 2
Example # 4 Prove that sum of intercepts of the tangent at any point to the curve
represented by x = 3cos4 & y = 3sin4 on the coordinate axis is constant.
Solution : Let P(3cos4 , 3sin4) be a variable point on the given curve.
dy
dy 3.4 sin3 .cos
m = = d = =–tan
dx dx 3.4cos3 sin
d
equation of tangent at point P is
y – 3sin4 = –tan2 (x – 3cos4)
x y
=1
3cos2 3 sin2
(2) Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the given curves at the given points.
(i) y = x4 – 6x3 + 13x2 – 10x + 5 at (1, 3)
x3
(ii) y2 = at (2, – 2).
4x
(3) Prove that area of the triangle formed by any tangent to the curve xy = c2 and coordinate
axes is constant.
(4) A curve is given by the equations x = at2 & y = at3 . A variable pair of perpendicular
lines through the origin 'O' meet the curve at P & Q . Show that the locus of the point
of intersection of the tangents at P & Q is 4y2 = 3ax - a2 .
a
Ans. (1) – (2) (i) Tangent : y = 2x + 1, Normal :x + 2y = 7
2b
(ii) Tangent : 2x + y = 2, Normal :x – 2y = 6
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Exercise – I
Section (A) : Equation of Tangent / Normal and Common Tangents / Normals:
1. (i) Find the equation of tangent to curve y = 3x2 + 4x + 5 at (0, 5).
(ii) Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve x2 + 3xy + y2 = 5 at point (1,
1) on it.
2at 2 2at 3
(iii) Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve x = ,y= at the point
1 t2 1 t2
1
for which t=
2
x 2 sin1/ x x0
(iv) Find the equation of tangent to the curve y = at (0,0)
0 x0
2 (i) Find equations of tangents drawn to the curve y2 – 2x2 – 4y+ 8 = 0 from the point (1,
2).
(ii) Find the equation of all possible normals to the curve x2 = 4y drawn from the point
(1,2)
3. (i) Find the point on the curve 9y2 = x3 where normal to the curve has non zero x-
intercept and both the x intercept and y-intercept are equal.
(ii) If the tangent at (1, 1) on y2 = x(2 – x)2 meets the curve again at P, then find
coordinates of P
(iii) The normal to the curve 5x5 – 10x3 + x + 2y + 6 = 0 at the point P(0, –3) is tangent
to the curve at some other point(s). Find those point(s)?
2. The angle between x-axis and tangent of the curve y = (x+1) (x–3) at the point (3, 0)
(A) tan–1 15
8
(B) tan–1 (C) tan–1 4 (D) none of
15 8
these
3. The numbers of tangent to the curve y – 2 = x5 which are drawn from point (2,2) is / are
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(A) 3 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 5
6. If the tangent to the curve x = a ( + sin ), y = a (1 + cos ) at = makes an angle
3
(0 < ) with x-axis, then =
2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 6 6
7. If the normal at the point (3t, 4/t) of the curve xy = 12 cuts the curve again at (3t1, 4/t1)
then find 't 1' in terms of 't'
9 16 9 16
(A) 3
(B) 3
(C) 3
(D)
16t 9t 16t 9t 3
1
8. The common tangent of the curves y = x2 + and y2 = 4x is
x
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Answer Key
Section (A) : Equation of Tangent / Normal and Common Tangents / Normals
1. (i) y = 4x + 5
(ii) y + x = 2 (tangent), y = x (normal)
(iii) 16x + 13y = 9a
(iv) y = 0
2 (i) 2x + y = 4, y = 2x
(ii) x + y = 3
(i) 4,
8
3.
3
Section (B) : Equation of Tangent / Normal and Common Tangents / Normals (A) :
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (C)
6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A)
Solution
Section (A) : Equation of Tangent / Normal and Common Tangents / Normals
dy dy
1. (i) = 6x + 4 = 4
dx dx (0,5)
y5
Equation of tangent is = 4 y = 4x + 5
x0
dy 2x 3y
(ii) at (1, 1) = – =–1
dx 3x 2y (1,1)
dx 4at dy 2at 2 (3 t 2 )
Also = 2 2
and =
dt (1 t ) dt (1 t 2 )2
dy t dy 13
= (3+ t2) =
dx 2 dx t
1 16
2
a 13 2a
equation of tangent is y = x 13x – 16y = 2a
5 16 5
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a 13 2a
equation of normal is y +x– =0 16x + 13y = 9a
5 16 5
y0
= lim (h sin (1/h)) = 0 equation of tangent is = 0
h 0 x0
y=0
h2
(ii) Let point Q be h, and point P be the point of contact on the curve.
4
Now, mPQ = slope of the normal at Q.
dy dy x
Differentiating x2 = 4y w.r.t we get 2x = 4 or =
dx dx 2
dy 2
or Slope of the normals at Q =
dy x h
h
2
h
2
4 2
or [From (1)]
h 1 h
h3
or – 2h = – 2h + 2 or h3 = 8 or h = 2
4
Hence, the coordinates of point Q are (2, 1) and so the equation of the required
normal becomes
x+y=3
dy x2
= =1 x2 = 6y and 9y2 = x3 x = 0, 4
dx 6y
8
point is 4,
3
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(ii) Differentiating equation of curve w.r.t. x,
dy
2y = (2 – x)2 + 2x(2 – x)(–1)
dx
dy 1 ( 2) 1
= =–
dx (1, 1) 2 2
1
Equation of tangent is (y – 1) = (x – 1) or 2y + x = 3.
2
Solving the equations of tangent and curve :
y = 3h2x – 3h3 + k
y = 3h2x – 2h3 (–2h3)2 = 1(3h2)2 + 112
4h6 – 9h4 –112 = 0
dy 2
= 3
dx (h,x) h
yk h3
equation of normal is =
xh 2
2
2y – = h3x – h4
h2
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1 2
it passes from 0, 1– = – h4 h6 + h2 – 2 = 0
2 h2
5. (i) xy + ax + by = 0
As (1,1) lies on curve, so
dy
1 + a + b = 0 & = tan–1 2 or 2
dx
dy dy
Differentiating equation of curve w.r.t. x , x +y +a+b = 0,
dx dx
dy 1 a
put x = 1, y = 1 = – =2
dx 1 b
or 1 + a + 2 + 2b = 0 or 3 + a + 2b = 0 b=–2 & a=1
12a – 4b + 3 = 0 ...(ii)
1 3
Solving (i) and (ii) we get a = , b=
2 4
Section (B) : Equation of Tangent / Normal and Common Tangents / Normals (A) :
dy 1 dy 1
1. – =–
dx 2 x dx (1, 1) 2
Slope of normal = 2
Equation of normal is 2x – y =1
dy
2. is 4 = tan–1 4
dx (3,0)
dy
3. = 5x4
dx
y k
Equation of tangent at (h,k) is = 5 h4 Which passes through (2,2)
x h
5
(2 – k) = 5h4 (2 – h) –h5 = 10h4 – 5h5 4h5 = 10h4 h = 0,
2
4. Equation of tangent is
y – 4/h = – 4/h2 (x – h)
It passes through (0, 1) 1 – 4/h2 = 4h/h2
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h–4=4 h=8 tangent is y – 1/2 = – 1/16 (x – 8).
5. y exy + x = 0
Differentiating w.r.t. to y
dx dx
1 – exy . y x 0
dy dy
dx
=0
dy
1 – xexy = 0
xexy = 1 x=1,y=0
Point is (1, 0)
dy
dy d
6.
dx dx
d
a (– sin )
=
a (1 cos )
dy – 3 1
= =–
dx
3 3
3
1
tan = – = –
3 6
5
=
6
dy 12 4
7. = 2 =
dx (3t,4 / t) x (3t,4 / t) 3t 2
y 4/t 3t 2
equation of normal = which passes through (3t1, 4/t1)
x 3t 4
4 4 3t 2 4 9t 2 16
– = (3t1– 3t) t1 =
t1 t 4 tt1 4 9t 3
dy 1 1
8. for y = x2 + is 2x –
dx x x2
dy 1
at (h, k) is 2h –
dx h2
y (h2 1/ h) 1
equation of tangent at (h, k) is = 2h –
x h h2
1 1 1
y = 2h x – 2h2 + + h2 +
h2 h h
1 2 2 1 2 h3 h2
y = 2h x + – h2 – h2 = =
h2 h h 2h – 1/ h 2 h 2h3 1
9. 1=1+b+c c=–b
dy
= 2x + b = 2 + b at (1, 1)
dx
b 1
equation of tangent is y –1 = (2 + b) (x –1) x intercept =
b2
1 b 1
y intercept = – (b + 1) (b 1) =2
2 b 2
b2 + 2b + 1 = 4b + 8 on –4b – 8
b2 – 2b – 7 = 0 on b2 + 6b + 9 = 0 integral b = – 3
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