Lecture15-PCB Design
Lecture15-PCB Design
Lecture15-PCB Design
ECE 3400
[email protected]
Agenda
• What is a PCB? Should I use a PCB?
• Design example
• Component selection
• Schematic design
• Layout basics
• Layout Considerations
• Trace Width, Pours, Thermals
• Grounding
• Decoupling
• High-Frequency considerations
• 3D Modelling
• Testing
• Mistakes
• Other
• Eagle demo if time
What is a PCB?
• Interleaved layers of copper and insulator
• Number of layers = number of copper layers
Useful Terms
TRACE
Trace VIA
Copper path (equivalent of wire)
Via
Hole in board with connection
between layers
Useful Terms
Pad
Exposed copper for component placement
Soldering Iron
• Melt solder onto pad
• Add flux (optional)
• Pick component with tweezers and hold lead against pad
• Re-melt solder so that it joins lead and pad
(Multiple other techniques)
Solder Paste
• Place paste on all pads (can use stencil)
• Place components onto paste
• Cook
9) Testing & Verification
1) Using your eyes and a multimeter you should:
• Visually inspect all solder joints
• Check continuity between each lead and pad (Should be <1ohm)
• Check discontinuity between adjacent leads (Should be infinite resistance)
10 mil
30 mil
Thermals - Simple
FET has on-resistance of 1ohm. Average current is 1A. Power dissipation is 1W
LTSpice Thermals:
Increasing
Accuracy &
Complexity
FEA Models:
Grounding
Make one layer a complete ground plane if possible!
Otherwise be very careful with connections
Grounding
Common mistake…
Digital vs. Analog
Digital: High-frequency, high-harmonic-content waveforms
Analog: Sensitive to ground & Vdd references
Decoupling
Why does every board have so many caps?
Decoupling
What is the transfer function?
Decoupling
What is the transfer function?
Decoupling
What is the transfer function?
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑉
1
𝑉= 𝑖 𝑑𝑡
𝐶
Until then …
• Keep traces short
• Avoid vias
• Can via-stitch grounds alongside
• Impedance matching is important – sets trace width
• Keep sensitive analog and high-frequency digital apart!
3D Modelling
• Can find or make 3D models for every component.
• Can export entire board into solidworks/inventor
Dealing With Mistakes
• Solder wires onto pins
• “Floating components”
• Cut traces or pins
Floating Components
Miscellani
• Gold substrates
• Flexible boards
• Stacked boards
• IC Specifics
• Process Variation
• Many-Layer
• And more…
How can you use a PCB on your robot?
• Amplifier/filter for your microphone circuit
• Amplifier for your treasure circuit
• A tidy base station voltage divider
• The whole thing…?
Happy PCB-ing!
References
Board Manufacturing
• https://www.4pcb.com/media/presentation-how-to-build-pcb.pdf
Decoupling
http://www.analog.com/en/analog-dialogue/articles/studentzone-april-
2017.html
Soldering
• https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/smd-soldering/
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NN7UGWYmBY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z7Tu8NXu5UA
Class References
Tutorials
• htts://cei-lab.github.io/ece3400-2017/tutorials/Eagle/Eagle_Tutorial.html
• https://cei-lab.github.io/ece3400-2017/tutorials/Eagle/Eagle_Example.html
• https://cei-lab.github.io/ece3400-2017/tutorials/PCB/
Burn List
• https://cei-lab.github.io/ece3400-2017/tutorials/PCB/burnlist.html