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    This document provides an overview of file operations in C programming. It discusses the need for files to preserve data even after program termination. The two main types of files are text files, which are human-readable, and binary files, which store data in 0s and 1s. The four main file operations are creating, opening, closing, and reading/writing files. Opening a file requires the fopen() function and supported modes include read, write, append, and read/write. Closing a file uses fclose(). Reading and writing text files uses fprintf() and fscanf(). Files can be organized sequentially or randomly. A file is a named collection of stored data and common operations include report generation.

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    This document provides an overview of file operations in C programming. It discusses the need for files to preserve data even after program termination. The two main types of files are text files, which are human-readable, and binary files, which store data in 0s and 1s. The four main file operations are creating, opening, closing, and reading/writing files. Opening a file requires the fopen() function and supported modes include read, write, append, and read/write. Closing a file uses fclose(). Reading and writing text files uses fprintf() and fscanf(). Files can be organized sequentially or randomly. A file is a named collection of stored data and common operations include report generation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    20 views2 pages

    Sodapdf Split

    Uploaded by

    techusama4
    This document provides an overview of file operations in C programming. It discusses the need for files to preserve data even after program termination. The two main types of files are text files, which are human-readable, and binary files, which store data in 0s and 1s. The four main file operations are creating, opening, closing, and reading/writing files. Opening a file requires the fopen() function and supported modes include read, write, append, and read/write. Closing a file uses fclose(). Reading and writing text files uses fprintf() and fscanf(). Files can be organized sequentially or randomly. A file is a named collection of stored data and common operations include report generation.

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    of 2

    Academic Year 2021 – 2022

    Question Bank
    Year/Semester: Department: CSE Unit: I/II/III/IV/V
    I/ II
    Subject Code/Title : CS3251 / Programming in C Section: Part A/B/C
    Date:04/04/2022 Faculty Name: Ms.A.Kanimozhi

    UNIT V
    Part A:

    1. Why files are needed?


    o When a program is terminated, the entire data is lost. Storing in a file willpreserve your data even
    if the program terminates.

    2. What are the types of Files ?


    When dealing with files, there are two types of files you should knowabout:
    o Text files
    o Binary files
    Text files
    Text files are the normal .txt files that you can easily create usingNotepad or any simple text editors.
    When you open those files, you'll see all the contents within the file asplain text. You can easily edit
    or delete the contents.
    They take minimum effort to maintain, are easily readable, and provideleast security and takes
    bigger storage space.
    Binary files
    Binary files are mostly the .bin files in your computer.
    Instead of storing data in plain text, they store it in the binary form (0'sand 1's).
    They can hold higher amount of data, are not readable easily and providesa better security than text
    files.

    3. Enlist the File Operations.


    In C, you can perform four major operations on the file, either text orbinary:
    o Creating a new file
    o Opening an existing file
    o Closing a file
    o Reading from and writing information to a file
    Working with files
    When working with files, you need to declare a pointer of type file. Thisdeclaration is needed for
    communication between the file and program. FILE *fptr;
    4. How to open a file?
    o Opening a file is performed using the library function in the "stdio.h"
    header file: fopen().
    o The syntax for opening a file in standard I/O is:ptr =
    fopen("fileopen","mode")
    5. List the opening modes in standard I/O
    If the file does not exist, fopen()returns NULL.
    r Open for reading.
    Open for reading in binarymode. If the file does not exist, fopen()returns NULL.
    rb
    If the file exists, its contents areoverwritten. If the
    w Open for writing. file does not exist, it will becreated.
    If the file exists, its contents areoverwritten. If the
    wb Open for writing in binarymode. file does not exist, it will becreated.
    Open for append. i.e, Datais added
    A to end of file. If the file does not exists, it willbe created.
    Open for append in binarymode.
    ab i.e, Data is added to end of file. If the file does not exists, it willbe created.
    Open for both reading andwriting. If the file does not exist, fopen()returns NULL.
    r+
    Open for both reading andwriting
    rb+ in binary mode. If the file does not exist, fopen()returns NULL.
    If the file exists, its contents areoverwritten. If the
    w+ Open for both reading andwriting. file does not exist, it will becreated.

    If the file exists, its contents areoverwritten. If the


    wb+ Open for both reading andwriting file does not exist, it will becreated.
    in binary mode.
    Open for both reading and If the file does not exists, it willbe created.
    a+ appending.
    Open for both reading and
    ab+ appending in binary mode. If the file does not exists, it willbe created.

    6. How to close a file?


    The file (both text and binary) should be closed after reading/writing.Closing a file is
    performed using library function fclose(). fclose(fptr); //fptr is the file pointer associated
    with file to be closed.

    7. Reading and writing to a text file


    For reading and writing to a text file, we use the functions fprintf() andfscanf().
    They are just the file versions of printf() and scanf(). The only differenceis that, fprint and
    fscanf expects a pointer to the structure FILE.

    8. What are two main ways a file can be organized?


    Sequential Access — The data are placed in the file in a sequence likebeads on a string. Data are
    processed in sequence, one after another. To reach a particular item of data, all the data that
    proceeds it first must be read.
    Random Access — The data are placed into the file by going directly to the location in the file
    assigned to each data item. Data are processed inany order.
    A particular item of data can be reached by going directly to it, withoutlooking at any other
    data.
    9. What is file?
    A file is a semi-permanent, named collection of data. A File is usuallystored on magnetic
    media, such as a hard disk or magnetic tape.
    Semi-permanent means that data saved in files stays safe until it is deletedor modified.
    Named means that a particular collection of data on a disk has a name,like mydata.dat and
    access to the collection is done by using its name.
    10. State Report Generation.
    A very common data processing operation is report generation. This is when the data in a file
    (or files) is processed by a program to generate a report of some kind. The report might be a

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