Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Numerical Solution
Numerical Solution
CE PROBLEMS
LECTURE NO.4 SEPT. 24, 2023
CONTINUATION OF ROOTS OF NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS Step by Step procedure to perform the Newton-Raphson
Method (the initial given is xn):
Perhaps the most common and most accurate root-finding
technique is the Newton-Raphson Method. This method 1. Determine the first derivative of the function, f’(x).
involves the use of the slope of the tangent to the curve. 2. Solve for f(xn) and f’(xn)
Consider the graphical illustration of this method shown in 3. Solve for the new value of x, xn+1
Figure 1.3. Let xn as the last assumed value of the root. 𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
According to this method, the next value of the root, xn+1, is the 𝑓′(𝑥𝑛 )
intersection of the tangent line to the curve at the x-axis.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for every new value of x until its
value can be accepted as the root. The tabular
presentation of the results of iteration is helpful.
Example 3:
The coordinate of the point where the tangent intersects the x- Consider the graphical representation shown in Figure 1.4.
axis is (xn+1,0) and from differential calculus, its slope if f’(xn).
Substituting these values in the previous equation:
𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓′(𝑥𝑛 )
Figure 1.4
CVMina Page 1 of 2
CE 09 | NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO
CE PROBLEMS
LECTURE NO.4 SEPT. 24, 2023
The secant line passes through (xn-1,f(xn-1)) and (xn,f(xn)). Thus, its
slope is:
𝑓(𝑥𝑛 ) − 𝑓(𝑥𝑛−1 )
𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡 =
𝑥𝑛 − 𝑥𝑛−1
Example 4:
For Practice:
CVMina Page 2 of 2