This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D5147/D5147M − 18

Standard Test Methods for

Sampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5147/D5147M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
testing prefabricated, reinforced, polymer-modified bituminous mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sheet materials designed for single- or multiple-ply application Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
in roofing and waterproofing membranes. These products may
2. Referenced Documents
use various surfacing materials on one side.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
1.2 These test methods cover a number of different prod-
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
ucts. Not all tests are required for every product. Only those
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
called out in the Product Standard are required.
D146/D146M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing
1.3 These test methods appear in the following order: Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing
Section and Waterproofing
D1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of
Sampling 4
Conditioning 5 Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated
Thickness 6 Temperature
Load Strain Properties 7 D4073 Test Method for Tensile-Tear Strength of Bituminous
Tear Strength 8
Moisture Content 9 Roofing Membranes
Water Absorption 10 D4798/D4798M Practice for Accelerated Weathering Test
Dimensional Stability 11 Conditions and Procedures for Bituminous Materials
Low-Temperature Flexibility 12
Heat Conditioning 13 (Xenon-Arc Method)
Accelerated Weathering 14 D4977/D4977M Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Min-
Granule Embedment 15 eral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
Compound Stability 16
Coating Thickness 17 D5636/D5636M Test Method for Low Temperature Unroll-
Low Temperature Unrolling 18 ing of Felt or Sheet Roofing and Waterproofing Materials
Precision and Bias 19 D5869/D5869M Practice for Dark Oven Heat Exposure of
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units Roofing and Waterproofing Materials
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in D6162/D6162M Specification for Styrene Butadiene Sty-
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each rene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using a
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining Combination of Polyester and Glass Fiber Reinforcements
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance D6163/D6163M Specification for Styrene Butadiene Sty-
with the standard. rene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the Glass Fiber Reinforcements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D6164/D6164M Specification for Styrene Butadiene Sty-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- rene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Polyester Reinforcements
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. D6222/D6222M Specification for Atactic Polypropylene
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- (APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Poly-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ester Reinforcements
D6223/D6223M Specification for Atactic Polypropylene
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
Roofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D08.04 on Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5147/D5147M – 14. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D5147_D5147M-18. the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 D5147/D5147M − 18
(APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using a contact the side of the sheet that is intended to be exposed
Combination of Polyester and Glass Fiber Reinforcements when applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
D6298/D6298M Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced tions.
Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Bituminous
Sheets with a Factory Applied Metal Surface NOTE 1—When measuring products with particulate surfaces, wiping
particles from the presser foot between measurements is recommended to
D6509/D6509M Specification for Atactic Polypropylene prevent buildup of particles that may result in inaccurate measurements.
(APP) Modified Bituminous Base Sheet Materials Using
Glass Fiber Reinforcements 6.2.1 Take five measurements of the sheet thickness along a
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in line parallel to cross-machine direction. Two of the five
ASTM Test Methods measurements shall be taken 150 6 15 mm [6 6 0.5 in.] from
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to each edge of the specimen. The remaining three measurements
Determine the Precision of a Test Method shall be taken at three points approximately equally spaced
(615 mm [0.5 in.]) between these two points. Refer to Fig. 1
3. Significance and Use for an illustration of the sheet thickness measurement loca-
3.1 These test methods are used for sampling and testing tions.
modified bitumen sheet materials. Property requirements, de- 6.2.2 Take five measurements of the selvage thickness along
termined by these test methods, are found in the following a line parallel to machine direction. The measurements are to
product standards: Specifications D6162/D6162M, D6163/ be taken midway between the surfacing edge and the sheet
D6163M, D6164/D6164M, D6222/D6222M, D6223/D6223M, edge or, in the case of smooth products, midway between the
D6298/D6298M, and D6509/D6509M. laying line and the sheet edge, and spaced 150 6 15 mm [6 6
0.5 in.] apart. Refer to Fig. 1 for an illustration of the selvage
4. Sampling thickness measurement locations.
4.1 From each shipment or fraction thereof, select at random 6.3 For each specimen, report the individual point
a number of rolls equal to one half the cube root of the total measurements, mean, and standard deviation for both the sheet
number of rolls in the lot. If the calculated number is fractional, thickness and selvage thickness measurements.
express it as the next highest whole number. For convenience,
a table showing the number of rolls to be selected from the lots 6.4 Calculate the mean of the specimen sheet thickness
of various sizes is given in Test Method D146/D146M. When means and report this value as sample sheet thickness. Calcu-
mutually agreed upon by the concerned parties, other sampling late the mean of the specimen selvage thickness means and
frequencies may be used and reported within the framework of report this value as sample selvage thickness. Unless otherwise
these procedures. The minimum sample shall consist of five required by the standard product specification that references
rolls. The rolls so selected constitute the representative sample these test methods, sample sheet thickness and sample selvage
used for all subsequent observations and tests pertaining to the thickness are the values used for comparison with the product
lot of material being examined. specification requirements.
6.5 Precision and Bias:
5. Conditioning
6.5.1 Interlaboratory Test Program—Interlaboratory studies
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition test specimens for were run in which randomly drawn test specimens of three
a minimum of 4 h at 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 4°F] and 50 6 5 % materials (sand-surfaced SBS-modified base sheet, fiberglass-
relative humidity before testing. reinforced SBS-modified cap sheet, and polyester-reinforced
APP-modified cap sheet) were tested for sample sheet thick-
6. Thickness
ness and sample selvage thickness in each of eleven laborato-
6.1 The thickness measuring device shall be a micrometer ries. Each laboratory tested two sets of five specimens of each
of the dial or digital-electronic type capable of measuring material. Practice E691 was followed for the experimental
dimensions to an accuracy of 0.1 mm [0.004 in.]. The microm- design and analysis of the data. Details of the experiment are
eter shall be equipped with a flat, circular presser foot with a available in ASTM Research Reports RR:D08-1010 and
diameter greater or equal to 9.5 mm [0.375 in.] and less than 32 RR:D08-1011.3,4
mm [1.25 in.]. During operation, contact between the presser 6.5.2 Test Result—The precision information given below
foot and the specimen shall be maintained either by a spring for sheet thickness and selvage thickness in the units of
inside the micrometer or by the weight of the presser foot and measurement (millimetres) is for the comparison of two test
attached parts. results, each of which is the average of five test determinations.
6.2 One specimen shall be obtained from each of the rolls 6.5.3 Precision:
selected in accordance with the Sampling section of these test
methods. Each specimen shall be at least 700 mm [271⁄2 in.] in
length by the manufactured width of the roll. Five measure- 3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
ments of sheet thickness and five measurements of selvage
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1010.
thickness shall be taken on each specimen. All measurements 4
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
shall be taken in a manner that requires the presser foot to be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1011.

2
 D5147/D5147M − 18

FIG. 1 Location of Thickness Measurements

Selvage Sheet Thickness wide by a minimum of 150 mm [6.0 in.] long for sheet
Thickness materials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at
Test range 1.952 to 2.706 1.959 to 3.824
−18°C [0°F]. Specimens shall be 12.5 mm [0.5 in.] wide by a
mm mm minimum of 100 mm [4.0 in.] long for materials having an
ultimate elongation of greater than 75 % at −18°C [0°F].
r, 95 % repeatability limit 0.088 mm 0.048 mm
(within a laboratory) (0.040 to 0.157 (0.039 to 0.054 7.1.2 Procedure:
mm) mm) 7.1.2.1 Condition each specimen at least 2 h at the selected
R, 95 % reproducibility limit 0.281 mm 0.252 mm test temperature. If conditioning is done outside the machine
(between laboratories) (0.148 to 0.366 (0.239 to 0.277 clamps, allow the specimen to equilibrate at the testing
mm) mm) temperature for at least 15 min before the testing force is
The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) applied.
are used as specified in Practice E177. The respective standard 7.1.2.2 Test specimens at both 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 4°F] and
deviations among test results may be obtained by dividing the −18 6 2°C [0 6 4°F].
above limit values by 2.8. 7.1.2.3 Use a constant rate of elongation (CRE) tension
6.5.4 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material testing machine, preferably with automatic load and strain
suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test recording equipment, and clamps that permit a uniform clamp-
method for measuring sheet thickness and selvage thickness, ing pressure on the specimen without slipping. The initial
no statement on bias is being made. clamp separation shall be 75 6 2 mm [3.0 6 0.1 in.] for sheet
materials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at
7. Load Strain Properties −18°C [0°F], and 50 6 2 mm [2.0 6 0.1 in.] for sheet materials
7.1 This test method covers the determination of the load having an ultimate elongation greater than 75 % at −18°C
strain (tensile elongation and strain energy) properties of [0°F].
polymer-modified bituminous sheets. 7.1.2.4 Maintain a rate of separation of 50 mm/min 63 %
7.1.1 Specimens—Prepare five specimens from each sample [2.0 in./min 63 %] for specimens tested at 23 6 2°C [73.4 6
roll in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for each 4°F] and a rate of separation of 2.0 mm/min 63 % [0.08
temperature to be tested. Specimens shall be 25 mm [1.0 in.] in./min 63 %] for specimens tested at −18 6 2°C [0 6 4°F].

3
 D5147/D5147M − 18
7.1.2.5 An alternative clamping method can be used for c2b
percent elongation 5 3 100 at peak load (2)
high tensile materials that slip in conventional jaws. Clamp the b
specimen in the jaws so that the length or width is aligned with
where:
the axis of the jaws.
7.1.2.6 Use a cylindrical stop in each jaw such as shown in c = jaw separation at maximum load,
Fig. 2 for membranes difficult to clamp. = maximum extension on chart3jaw separation rate
chart speed
7.1.2.7 Record the percent elongation of each specimen at
and
specimen break and also at peak load using an extensometer, or b = initial jaw separation.
calculate the percent elongation at specimen break and also at
peak load from the chart of the stress versus time knowing the 7.1.3.4 Calculate the average percent elongation at peak
speed of the chart drive and the jaw separation rate. load in each direction and the standard deviation of percent
7.1.2.8 Record the breaking load and peak load of each elongation at peak load in each direction based on the total
specimen. number of measurements taken.
7.1.3 Calculation: 7.1.3.5 Calculate the average breaking load in each direc-
7.1.3.1 Determine the percent elongation at break obtained tion and the standard deviation of the breaking loads in each
from the extensometer in accordance with the manufacturer’s direction based on the total number of measurements taken.
instructions, or read directly, calculate the percent elongation 7.1.3.6 Calculate the average peak load in each direction
determined from the chart, without an extensometer, as fol- and the standard deviation of the peak loads in each direction
lows: based on the total number of measurements taken.
a2b 7.1.3.7 If the load elongation curve is not available, estimate
Percent elongation 5 3 100 at break (1) the strain energy. The strain energy should be reported as either
b
measured or estimated.
where:
a = jaw separation at specimen break, NOTE 2—The estimation technique requires knowledge of the maxi-
= maximum extension on chart3jaw separation rate mum tensile strength and elongation values of the test specimen. This
chart speed technique can only be used for fibrous glass-reinforced specimens. If the
values generated by this technique are in question, verification must be
and made by analysis of the load-elongation curve. Strain energy for fibrous
b = initial jaw separation. glass-reinforced specimens is estimated by:
7.1.3.2 Determine the average percent elongation at break in @ 1/23peak load @ kN @ lbf## 3elongation @ mm @ in.###
se 5
each direction and the deviation of percent elongation at break 25 mm @ 1 in.# 3gauge length @ mm @ in.##
where 25 mm [1 in.] = sample width.
in each direction based on the total number of measurements Strain energy represented as the area under the load-elongation curve may
taken. also be calculated by direct computer integration or analog techniques
7.1.3.3 Calculate the percent elongation at peak load ob- such as, the trapezoidal rule, use of planimeter, or gravimetrical analysis.
tained from the extensometer in accordance with the manufac- 7.1.3.8 Calculate the average strain energy at peak load and
turer’s instructions, or read directly, calculate the strain at peak at break in each direction and the standard deviation of the
load determined from the chart, without an extensometer, as strain energies in each direction based on the total number of
follows: measurements taken.
7.1.4 Ultimate Elongation—Determine the ultimate elonga-
tion using data obtained from tests conducted in accordance
with 7.1.2. Ultimate elongation is defined as the elongation
measured on the load-elongation curve at which point the load
has dropped to 5 % of its maximum value, after the peak load
has been reached.
7.1.5 Report:
7.1.5.1 For each specimen in each direction, record the
temperature of the test, specimen size, and individual measure-
ments of peak load in kN/m [lbf/in.], percent elongation at peak
load, breaking load in kN/m [lbf/in.], percent elongation at
break, method of determining elongation, strain energy in
kNm/m2 [inch-pound ⁄in.2] at peak load, strain energy in kNm/
m2 [inch-pound ⁄in.2] at break, and method of determining
elongation.
7.1.5.2 Report the average and the standard deviation in
each direction based on the total measurements taken of peak
load in kN/m [lbf/in.], breaking load in kN/m [lbf/in.], percent
elongation at peak load percent elongation at break, strain
energy in kNm/m2 [inch-pound ⁄in.2] at peak load and strain
FIG. 2 Alternative Clamping Method energy in kNm/m2 [inch-pound ⁄in.2] at break.

4
 D5147/D5147M − 18
8. Tear Strength 9.1.1 Prepare five specimens measuring approximately 100
8.1 This test method determines the tensile tear strength of by 100 mm [4 by 4 in.] from each sample roll.
polymer-modified bituminous sheets. 9.1.2 Determine the mass of each specimen to the nearest
8.1.1 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll in each 0.1 g. Determine the moisture content in accordance with Test
direction in accordance with Test Method D4073. Condition Method D95. Express water as a percent of dry mass.
specimens as set forth in Section 5 of these test methods. 9.1.3 Calculate the average moisture content and the stan-
8.1.2 Test procedure shall be in accordance with Test dard deviation of the moisture contents based on the total
Method D4073, except that the rate of jaw separation shall be number of measurements taken.
50 mm/min 63 % [2.0 in./min 63 %] for testing at 23 6 2°C 9.1.4 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
[73.4 6 4°F], and the moisture content test required in Test estimated standard deviation.
Method D4073 shall not be conducted. 10. Water Absorption
8.1.3 Calculate the average tear strength in each direction
and the standard deviation of the tear strength in each direction 10.1 This test method determines water absorption of
based on the total number of measurements taken. polymer-modified bituminous sheets.
8.1.4 Report the individual specimen values, average, and 10.1.1 Prepare five specimens measuring approximately
estimated standard deviation of the specimens in each direc- 100 by 100 mm [4 by 4 in.] from each sample roll. Seal all cut
tion. edges having exposed reinforcement with hot bitumen before
testing.
8.2 Precision and Bias: 10.1.2 Immerse the specimens in a distilled water bath
8.2.1 Interlaboratory Test Program—Interlaboratory studies maintained at 50 6 2°C [122 6 4°F] for 100 6 4 h, remove the
were run in which randomly drawn test specimens of three specimens, blot off surface water with a dry cloth, immerse the
materials (sand-surfaced SBS-modified base sheet, fiberglass- specimens in technical grade acetone for 2 6 1 s, and permit to
reinforced SBS-modified cap sheet, and polyester-reinforced air dry in laboratory for 15 6 2 min at 23 6 2°C [73.4 6 4°F]
APP-modified cap sheet) were tested for machine-direction and 50 6 5 % RH.
(MD) tear strength and cross-machine-direction (CD) tear 10.1.3 Determine the mass of each specimen to the nearest
strength in each of ten laboratories. Each laboratory tested two 0.1 g after immersion. Determine moisture content in accor-
sets of five specimens of each material. Practice E691 was dance with Test Method D95. Express water as a percent of dry
followed for the experimental design and analysis of the data. mass.
Details of the experiment are available in ASTM Research 10.1.4 Determine the total percent of moisture gained by
Report RR:D08-1012.5 subtracting the moisture content as obtained in Section 9 from
8.2.2 Test Result—The precision information given below the moisture content after immersion as determined in this
for machine-direction tear strength and cross-machine- section.
direction tear strength in the units of measurement (newtons) is 10.1.5 Calculate the average percent of moisture gain and
for the comparison of two test results, each of which is the the standard deviation of percent of moisture gains based on
average of five test determinations. the total number of measurements taken.
8.2.3 Precision: 10.1.6 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
Machine Cross-Machine- estimated standard deviation.
Direction Direction
Tear Strength Tear Strength 11. Dimensional Stability
Test Range 508 to 642 N 384 to 537 N 11.1 This test method determines a dimensional stability of
r, 95 % repeatability limit 29.1 N (22.5 to 33.2 N (32.3 to polymer-modified bituminous sheets in accordance with Test
(within a laboratory) 42.1 N) 34.7 N)
R, 95 % reproducibility limit 92.7 N (74.6 to 74.4 N (73.0 to Method D1204, except as noted in the following.
(between laboratories) 103 N) 75.8 N) 11.1.1 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll: one
The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility specimen from each edge of the sheet and three randomly
limit) are used as specified in Practice E177. The respective across the sheet.
standard deviations among test results may be obtained by 11.1.2 Condition the specimens in an oven maintained at 80
dividing the above limit values by 2.8. 6 2°C [176 6 4°F] for 24 h 6 15 min.
8.2.4 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material 11.1.3 After oven conditioning, cool the specimens and
suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test measure as indicated in Test Method D1204.
method for measuring machine-direction tear strength and 11.1.4 Calculate the absolute dimensional change based on
cross-machine-direction tear strength, no statement on bias is the absolute difference between the initial measurements and
being made. the measurement after conditioning for each specimen.
11.1.5 Calculate the average absolute dimensional change in
9. Moisture Content each direction and the standard deviation of the absolute
9.1 This test method determines moisture content in dimensional changes in each direction based on the individual
polymer-modified bituminous sheets. results calculated in 11.1.4.
11.1.6 Report the initial measurements of the individual
5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may specimens, measurements of individual specimens after
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1012. conditioning, dimensional change in each direction for each

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 D5147/D5147M − 18
specimen, absolute dimensional change in each direction for 12.1.8.1 Repeatability—Duplicate results by the same op-
each specimen, absolute average, and estimated standard erator should not be considered suspect unless they differ by
deviation in each direction. more than 3°C [5°F].
12.1.8.2 Reproducibility—The results submitted by each of
12. Low-Temperature Flexibility two laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they
differ by more than 6°C [10°F].
12.1 This test method determines the low-temperature flex-
ibility of polymer-modified bituminous sheets.
13. Heat Conditioning
12.1.1 Low-temperature flexibility is defined as the lowest
temperature recorded at which no visual signs of cracking in 13.1 This test method determines the effects of heat condi-
the membrane are observed after bending 180 6 5° at the tioning on polymer-modified bituminous sheets.
desired temperature around a 25 6 2 mm [1.00 6 0.05 in.] 13.1.1 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll in the
diameter mandrel in approximately 2 6 1 s. longitudinal and transverse directions of necessary sizes for
12.1.2 Cracking is defined as a fracture of the polymer- tensile, elongation, and low-temperature flexibility testing
modified bitumen coating that visibly exposes the reinforce- before and after conditioning. Sufficient number of specimens
ment of the sheet. The condition of cracking shall be visible to should be conditioned to accommodate subsequent testing.
the naked eye and shall not include separation of granules or 13.1.2 Condition specimens in a forced air oven at 70 6
other surfacing material that does not extend through the 3°C [158 6 5°F] for 90 6 0.25 days in accordance with
modified bitumen coating surface to the reinforcement. Practice D5869/D5869M. Evaluate physical properties before
and after conditioning.
12.1.3 Prepare five specimens from each sample roll in both
13.1.3 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
the longitudinal and transverse direction for each temperature
estimated standard deviation for tensile, elongation, strain
to be tested. Specimens shall be 25 6 2 mm [1.00 6 0.05 in.]
energy, and low-temperature flexibility, as set forth in the test
wide by 150 6 2 mm [6.00 6 0.005 in.] long.
methods for determination of these properties, before and after
12.1.4 Begin testing at a temperature at which the sheet is heat conditioning.
known to pass, allowing the refrigerated unit, mandrel, and
specimens to equilibrate for a minimum of 2 h and decrease or
14. Accelerated Weathering
increase temperature in 3 6 1°C [5 6 2°F] increments.
14.1 This test method determines the effects of accelerated
NOTE 3—If this information is not readily available, make preliminary weathering on polymer-modified bituminous sheets in accor-
screening tests at −12 6 1°C [10 6 2°F].
dance with Section 7 of Test Method D4798/D4798M except
12.1.5 After the specimens have been conditioned, position as noted in the following.
the center of the specimen firmly on the mandrel, weathering 14.1.1 Use cycle A-1 as defined in Test Method D4798/
side away from the mandrel, and bend the projecting ends D4798M. The number of cycles where applicable is found in
without exerting any stress other than that required to keep the the product standard.
specimen in contact with the mandrel. Complete the entire 14.1.2 Orient the intended weathering surface toward the
procedure inside the refrigerated unit. light source.
12.1.5.1 Bend the specimen until the projecting ends of the 14.1.3 Expose a sufficient quantity of specimens from each
specimen are parallel to each other keeping the bottom surface sample roll for tensile, elongation, and low-temperature flex-
in contact with the mandrel through an arc of 180 6 5°. ibility testing after accelerated weathering. Specimens shall be
12.1.5.2 Visually examine the specimen immediately keep- cut to size and quantity after weathering.
ing the sample in the flexed position, on the mandrel, at the test 14.1.4 Report the individual specimen values, average, and
temperature, for any signs of cracking. estimated standard deviation for tensile, elongation, strain
12.1.5.3 Repeat the above for any remaining specimens. energy, and low-temperature flexibility as set forth in the test
methods for determination of these properties before and after
12.1.5.4 If any cracking is observed, increase the tempera-
weathering.
ture in the refrigerated unit by 3 6 1°C [5 6 2°F]. If no
cracking was evident, decrease the temperature by 3 6 1°C [5
6 2°F]. Condition ten new specimens at the next test tempera- 15. Granule Embedment
ture for a minimum of 2 h. If the specimens have been 15.1 Test in accordance with Test Method D4977/D4977M
preconditioned and the temperature change is no greater than and report the average granule loss for each sample roll.
3°C [5°F], the specimens may be reconditioned for 30 6 5 min
after the chamber reaches equilibrium. 16. Compound Stability
12.1.6 Repeat 12.1.5 until the lowest temperature at which 16.1 This test method determines high-temperature stability
none of the specimens show cracking is achieved. of polymer-modified bituminous sheets.
12.1.7 Report the low-temperature flexibility in °C [°F] as 16.1.1 Specimens—From each sample roll, prepare five
the lowest temperature at which cracking does not occur. specimens in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for
12.1.8 Precision—The following data should be used for each test temperature. Specimens shall be 50 6 2 mm [2.0 6
judging the acceptability of results on samples from the same 0.05 in.] wide by 75 6 2 mm [3.0 6 0.05 in.] long.
lot from the same supplier: 16.1.2 Apparatus:

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 D5147/D5147M − 18
16.1.2.1 Bulldog-type clamps with smooth surfaced, clamp- back surface may be dusted with very fine talc to prevent
ing faces at least 50 mm [2 in.] wide are used to suspend the sticking of the thickness gauge during measurement.
specimens in a forced air oven. 17.1.2.4 Again, measure the thickness in the five specified
16.1.2.2 The forced air oven shall be capable of maintaining locations of the specimen and report according to Section 6.
the preset test temperature to a tolerance of 63°C [65°F]. Set 17.1.3 Calculation—Determine the back surface coating
the forced air oven at 93 6 1°C [200 6 2°F] or 5.5°C [10°F] thickness in millimetres [mils] as follows:
below the expected failure temperature of unknown materials. Back surface coating thickness 5 T i 2 T f (3)
For screening purposes, one sample can be exposed in 14 6
3°C [25 6 5°F] increments. where:
16.1.3 Procedure: Ti = initial thickness measurement, and
16.1.3.1 Clamp each specimen on the 50-mm [2.0-in.] edge Tf = thickness of measurement after the removal of the back
with a bulldog-type clamp. coating.
16.1.3.2 Suspend the specimen via the clamp in the forced 17.1.4 Report—Report the individual measurements in mils
air oven with the 75-mm [3.0-in.] edge of the specimen set [mm], average, and standard deviation.
vertically.
17.2 Precision and Bias:
16.1.3.3 After the specimens have been conditioned for 2 h,
17.2.1 Interlaboratory Test Program—An interlaboratory
15 6 5 min at the specified temperature, observe each
study was run in which randomly drawn test specimens of three
specimen for signs of flowing, dripping, or drop formation on
materials (sand-surfaced SBS-modified base sheet, fiberglass-
the lower edge of the specimen.
reinforced SBS-modified cap sheet, and polyester-reinforced
16.1.3.4 If flowing, dripping, or drop formation is not APP-modified cap sheet) were tested for coating thickness in
observed on any of the five specimens, increase the oven each of ten laboratories. Each laboratory tested two sets of five
temperature by 14 6 3°C [25 6 5°F], allow the oven to specimens of each material. Practice E691 was followed for the
equilibrate and repeat 16.1.3. experimental design and analysis of the data. Details of the
16.1.4 Report the highest temperature at which no flowing, experiment are available in ASTM Research Report
dripping, or drop formation was observed. Maximum test D08–1013.6
temperature need not exceed 121°C [250°F]. 17.2.2 Test Result—The precision information given below
for coating thickness in the units of measurement (millimetres)
17. Coating Thickness is for the comparison of two test results, each of which is the
17.1 This test method covers the determination of back average of five test determinations.
surface coating thickness of polymer-modified bituminous 17.2.3 Precision:
sheet materials. Test Range 0.60 to 1.07 mm
17.1.1 Specimens—Sample the rolls in accordance with r, 95 % repeatability limit (within 0.11 mm (0.05 to 0.14 mm)
a laboratory)
Section 4. One 150-mm [6-in.] wide specimen shall be taken R, 95 % reproducibility limit 0.23 mm (0.16 to 0.26 mm)
by cutting across the width of the roll. The specimen size will (between laboratories)
be 150 mm [6 in.] times the manufactured width of the roll.
The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility
(This specimen may be taken from the sample used to limit) are used as specified in Practice E177. The respective
determine thickness in Section 6.) standard deviations among test results may be obtained by
17.1.2 Procedure: dividing the above limit values by 2.8.
17.1.2.1 On the back surface of the specimen, mark or
indicate five distinct locations for measurements. Place a mark 17.2.4 Bias—Since there is no accepted reference material
50 mm [2 in.] from each edge and make three additional marks suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test
equally spaced between the first two points. For products with method for measuring coating thickness, no statement of bias is
a selvage edge, place a mark 25 mm [1 in.] from the selvage being made.
demarcation toward the center of the sheet and a second mark
50 mm [2 in.] from the opposite edge, then make three 18. Low Temperature Unrolling
additional marks equally spaced between the first two points. 18.1 Test in accordance with Test Method D5636/D5636M
17.1.2.2 Measure the thickness at the center of each marked and report the lowest temperature where cracking is not evident
area and reported in accordance with Section 6, in millimetres to the unaided eye for each sample roll.
[mils].
17.1.2.3 Carefully heat the back surface coating of the 19. Precision and Bias
specimen in the indicated area by waving a flame (or heat gun) 19.1 The precision and bias of these test methods as related
so the flame just touches the surface of the coating. Remove the to polymer-modified bituminous sheets have not been estab-
back surface coating down to the reinforcement by placing the lished. Round robin tests will be conducted to establish those
edge of a heated flat spatula at an angle and scrape off the values.
coating with slow steady force. Clean the spatula and repeat the
process being careful not to damage the reinforcing layer. After
removing the back surface coating, allow the specimen to cool 6
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
to the conditions established in Section 5. Upon cooling, the be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1013.

7
 D5147/D5147M − 18
20. Keywords
20.1 bituminous sheet material; roofing membranes; sam-
pling; testing; waterproofing membranes

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