Land Use

Carbon Storage Under Various
Land-Use Systems
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Page 1
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration is the process by which
atmospheric carbon dioxide is taken up by trees,
grasses and other plants through photosynthesis
and stored as carbon in biomass (trunks, branches,
and roots) and soils.
In response to growing concerns about climate

change resulting from increased carbon dioxide
concentrations in the atmosphere, considerable
interest has been drawn to the possibility of
increasing the rate of carbon sequestration through
changes in land use and forestry.
Page 2
Forest ecosystems
play a significant role in carbon storage by reducing

atmospheric carbon dioxide
can prevent climate change, by avoiding further

emissions and by sequestering additional carbon.
Deforestation alone is responsible for 16 to 19 per cent
of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by human
activities. It is the second major cause of GHG
emissions, after burning fossil fuels.
Main causes of deforestation:

• Conversion of forests for other land uses, mostly for
crop production (to feed livestock) and human
settlement
• Illegal and unsustainable logging
• Mining
• Climate change: forest loss is both a cause and an
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climate. Page 3
Land-Use Change in Borneo Rainforest
Page 4
Deforestation with Numbers
According to the World Resources Institute,
30% of the world’s forestland has been cleared
completely
Another 20% has been seriously degraded
According to the World Wildlife Fund,

The world continues to lose 48 football fields’ worth
of forest every minute
What is the solution?

Page 5
Forest Landscape Restoration
(FLR)
• Proposed by United Nations Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO)
• Considers the interconnectedness of people and
nature
• FLR insists that participation of human stakeholders
is as crucial as planting trees
• The people living on the edge of forests are key
factors. Providing economical incentives for forest
protection is critical
• Stopping all deforestation and restoring forests can
offset up to one-third of all carbon emissions
worldwide Page 6
Afforestation
• Creating forests where there were none before,
such as eroding slopes, old industrial areas,
abandoned lots, highway medians, old
wastelands
• Aim is to reduce atmospheric carbon by creating
additional carbon sinks

Page 7
Afforestation
1st Approach: Growing Plants with
Economical Value
Advantages
• Minimiz logging of natural forests
• Provide jobs for people
• Increase economical well-being
• Increase carbon sequestration by photosynthesis
Disadvantages
• Monoculture planting
• Plantation of exotic, not native species that are
more vulnerable to droughts, fires, pests and
diseases.
• less resistance to Global Warming Page 8
Afforestation
2nd Approach: Planting Native Trees
Advantages
• Polyculture planting
• Enhance biodiversity
• Resilient to climate change, pests and diseases
• Increase carbon sequestration by photosynthesis
Disadvantage: Lower economical contribution to society
Miyawaki Method
• Akira Miyawaki, a Japanese scientist, developed a
systematic methodology to grow native forests
within 10-20 years (~10 times shorter than natural)
• Based on closely planting various species to
promote natural selection and competition Page 9
Afforestation
Miyawaki Method
I. Identify what nutrition the soil needs
II. Identify native species
III. Identify locally abundant biomass available
(byproducts such as nut shells, animal debris etc.)
in that region to give the soil whatever
nourishment it needs. It should come from within
50 km of the site for sustainability purposes
IV. Plant saplings randomly and very densely (3-5
saplings per square meter)
V. Water the plants for the first 2-3 years. After that,
they become self-sustaining!
Page 10
Afforestation

Page 11
Coastal Wetlands
• Wetlands occur where water
meets landscape
• They provide nurseries for
fish, feeding grounds for birds
and other animals, natural
water filtration and defense
against floods
• Since decomposition of dead plants is under the water is very slow

(anaerobic decomposition), wetlands hold significant amounts of carbon
• When these ecosystems are destroyed, they become potential sources of
emissions, releasing volumes of carbon stored for hundreds of years
Page 12
Peatlands
• Special type of wetland,
occurs in colder regions
• Peat is a thick, mocky,
waterlogged substance made
up dead and decomposing
plant matter. It occurs in
hundreds of years
• Carbon content can be as high
as 50%
• They are second in the amount of carbon they store (after oceans). Twice
more that is held by the world’s forests
• Protection of peatlands is still in infancy. Mapping and monitoring them is
the first crucial step. Free Powerpoint Templates
Page 13

Land Use

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Land Use

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Carbon Storage Under Various

Free Powerpoint Templates

In response to growing concerns about climate

play a significant role in carbon storage by reducing

can prevent climate change, by avoiding further

Main causes of deforestation:

According to the World Wildlife Fund,

What is the solution?

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

Free Powerpoint Templates

• Since decomposition of dead plants is under the water is very slow

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