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Bachelor of Science (Biochemistry)
Bachelor of Science (Biochemistry)
Program Objectives:
Our Bachelor of Science program is a versatile degree that provides students with the optimal balance between a
defined sequence of study and flexible course options. Biochemistry is the study of the chemical basis of life and
underpins all disciplines of biology. Our unique program will provide you with a detailed understanding of the
molecular events that control growth and development of all living things. Biochemistry also forms the basis of the
biotechnology industry. More importantly, the new and exciting disciplines of proteomics, genomics,
bioinformatics, genetic engineering, and drug design all rely on the knowledge of and competency in biochemistry.
YEAR I
Continuous
Theory/
Course Code Course Title Assessment Credits
Practical
(Internals)
Total 750 32
YEAR II
Continuous
Theory/
Course Code Course Title Assessment Credits
Practical
(Internals)
Total 750 32
YEAR III
Continuous
Theory/Prac
Course Code Course Title Assessment Credits
tical
(Internals)
Total 700 32
DETAILED SYLLABUS
INSTRUCTIONAL METHOD: Personal contact program Lectures (virtual and in-person), Assignments,
Labs and Discussions, Learning projects, Industrial Training Program and Dissertation.
YEAR I
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Harvard Business School Press (2003), Business Communication: Harvard Business Essentials,
Boston, Massachusetts.
B. Krizan, A.C. Buddy, Merrier, Patricia, Logan, Joyce and Williams, Karen (2008), Business
Communication, Thomson South-Western.
C. Guffey,m Mary E. (2000), Business Communication: Process and Product, South-Western College
Publishing.;
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.commissionedwriting.com/GRAMMAR%20ESSENTIALS.pdf.
B. http://www.esf.edu/fnrm/documents/FNRM_Communications_Handbook2008.pdf.
C. Http://books.google.co.in/books?id=RETE15K43qsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=essentials+of+eng
lish+grammer+pdf&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XlpSU6PEKY2HrgfyqoDoAQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=o
nepage&q&f=false.
CELL BIOLOGY – BIO101
UNIT CONTENT
Cell Structure and Cell Organelles: What is Cell Biology? Significant Events in Cell Biology,
Careers in Cell Biology; Types of Cells, Prokaryotic Cells, Eukaryotic Cell; Plasma lemma or
Cell Membrane, A Historical Perspective, Basic Membrane Architecture, Lipids, Membrane
Polarity, Membrane Skeleton, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Models of the Plasma Membrane,
Mosaic Properties of Cell Membranes: Structure and Functions of Cell Organelles; Nucleus,
1 History, Structures, Function, Evolution; Mitochondria, Structure, Organization and
Distribution, Functions, Origin; Ribosomes, Structure, Function, Regulation, Structure Linkage,
Function Linkage, Regulation Linkage; Golgi Bodies, Evolution, Discovery, Structure, How
does the Golgi Apparatus Form? Function, Vesicular Transport, Transport Mechanism;
Lysosomes, Enzymes, Functions; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Structure, Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Sarcoplasmic Reticulum, Functions; Vacuole,
Bacteria, Plants, Fungi, Animals.
Structure of Chromosome: Historical background of chromosome, Number of Chromosomes,
Size of chromosomes; Structure of Chromosome, Chemical Structure of Chromosome,
Molecular Structure of Chromosomes; Euchromatin and Heterochromatin; Types of
2
chromosome on the basis of centromere position, Karyotype; Functions of Chromosome;
Special Types of Chromosomes, Lamp brush Chromosome, Polytene Chromosomes, B-
Chromosomes
Structure of DNA and Types of DNA: Systemic Position of DNA in a cell; History of DNA,
Gregor Mendel, Frederick Griffith, Oswald Avery, Erwin Chargaff, Roslind Franklin and
Maurice Wilkins, James Watson and Francis Crick; DNA is the Genetic Material, The Avery
Macleod Mc Carty Experiment, The Hershey-Chase Experiment; Structure of Nucleic Acid,
Nucleosides, Nucleotides; Components of Nucleic Acids; Differences between Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic DNA; Molecular structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid, Deoxyribose, Nitrogenous
3
Bases, Phosphate; Types of DNA, On the basis of Number of Strands, On the Basis of
Nucleotide Residues, On the Basis of Shape, On the Basis of the Nature of Nucleotide Sequence
in Duplex DNA; Properties of DNA, The Size of DNA Molecule, Denaturation, Fragility of
DNA Molecule, Renaturation, Effect of pH on DNA, Stability, Hyper Chromic Effect;
Functions of DNA, Chemistry of DNA, Double-Helical DNA and RNA can be Denatured, DNA
Use in Technology
Types of RNA: Molecular structure of RNA; Chemical structure of RNA; Comparison with
DNA; Strategies for analyzing RNA structure; Synthesis of RNA (Transcription); Types of
4
RNA, Messenger RNA, Ribosomes and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA),
Ribozymes, Antisense RNAs, Viral Genomes, Other RNAs; Functions of RNA.
Cell Cycle: Mitosis and Meiosis: Cell cycle; Regulation of the Cell Cycle, Regulators of the
cell cycle, Protein Degradation; Cell Cycle Regulation in Development, Cell Cycle Variation,
Embryonic Cell Cycles, Larval Somatic Cell Cycles, Endoreduplication Cycles, Meiotic Cell
5 Cycle, Checkpoint Control, DNA damage induced Checkpoint, DNA replication induced
Checkpoint, Spindle assembly Checkpoint, Cell Cycle Entry and Arrest; Interphase; Mitosis,
Cytokinesis, Significance of Mitosis; Meiosis, Significance of Meiosis; Comparison of Mitosis
and Meiosis; Gametogenesis, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Significance of DNA
DNA Replication: DNA Replication: An overview; DNA polymerase; Central Dogma
6 Statement, Overview, DNA; Replication process; Transcription, Initiation, Elongation,
Termination; Translation, Activation, Initiation, Elongation, The Mechanics of it all.
DNA Repair: DNA Damage and Repair Mechanisms; Sources of DNA damage; Types of DNA
damage; Mechanisms of DNA Repair; Global response to DNA damage, DNA Damage
7 Checkpoints, Prokaryotic SOS Response, Eukaryotic Transcriptional Responses to DNA
Damage; DNA Repair and Aging, Pathological Effects Poor DNA Repair, Longevity and
Caloric Restriction
Cell Adhesion: Cell adhesion: An overview, Physical Connections between Cells, Forming the
Connections between Cells; Process in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes;
8
Differential adhesion hypothesis, Background, Overview, Applications; Clinical Implications of
Cell Adhesion.
Cell Biology Laboratory Manual: Microscope, Aberrations, Angle of Incidence, Alignment,
Bright Field, Dark Field and Phase Contrast; Types of Microscope, Electron Microscope,
Scanning Electron Microscope; Histochemistry, Fixation, Dehydration, Embedding, Paraffin,
Plastic, Sectioning, The Ultramicrotome, The Cryostat; Cell Fractionation, Homogenization,
Osmotic Alterations, Mortars and Pestles, Blenders, Compression/Expansion, Ultrasonification,
9 Gravity Sedimentation, Centrifugation, Physical Properties of Biological Materials,
Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Coefficient, Diffusion Coefficient, Sedimentation
Equilibrium; Electrophoresis, Cationic vs. Anionic Systems, Tube vs. Slab Systems,
Continuous vs. Discontinuous Gel Systems, Agarose Gels; Cell Cycles, Interphase G1-S-G2,
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Meiosis, Prophase-I: Leptotene 1, Prophase I:
Zygotene, Prophase I: Pachytene, Prophase I: Diplotene, Prophase I: Diakinesis, Metaphase-I,
Anaphase-I, Telophase-I: Interphase, Prophase-II: Telophase II, Damage Induced during
Division; The central dogma.
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Cell Biology, Third Edition, By S C Rastogi, 2005
B. Cell Biology, By Melissa Stewar, 2008
C. Molecular Biology, By David P. Clark, Nanette Jean Pazdernik, 2013
D. Lodish, Harvey, et al. (2003) Molecular Cell Biology 5th Edition. W. H. Freeman, pp.659-666.
WEB LINKS:
A. http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_124/Summaries/Cell.html
B. http://biologyclc.uc.edu/courses,bio104/cells.htm
C. www.edu.pe.ca/gray/class_pages/rcfleming/cells/notes.htm
CELL BIOLOGY (P) – BIO101P
1. Microscopic Examination of Cells
2. Dilution Techniques
3. Measurement of Solutes
4. Sampling and Isolating Bacteria
5. Staining and Counting Bacteria
6. Physiological Processes of Bacteria
7. Comparison of Normal and Transformed cells
8. Mitosis & Meiosis
9. Inheritance
10. Analysis of Proteins by Chromatography and Electrophoresis
BIOINFORMATICS – BOT101
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Jeremy Ramsden-2009, Bioinformatics: An introduction, Second Edition.
B. Brown TA. Oxford: Wiley-Liss; 2002, Second Edition, Genomes.
C. Michael M. Miyamoto, Joel Cracraft-1991, Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA Sequences.
D. Mohammed J. Zaki, Christopher Bysroff-2008, Protein structure prediction.
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?
B. http://www.rackspace.com/information/hosting101
C. http://compnetworking.about.com/od/basicnetworkingconcepts/
BIOINFORMATICS (P) – BOT101P
1. Retrieve the protein or DNA sequence and convert it into FASTA format
2. Find out the similarity search of unknown protein sequence using BLAST
3. Find out the similarity search of unknown protein sequence using FASTA
4. Open Reading Frame prediction for different protein out of some given nucleotide sequences
5. Gene finding related search for a given nucleotide sequences in order to predict the Gene
6. Secondary structure prediction for Amino acid sequence of a given protein
7. Predict and visualize the 3D structure of any protein
8. Prepare sequence file in FATSA format and multiply, align them using web based CLUSTALW
9. Molecular modeling using Modeler Software
10. Docking studies using Auto dock Software
BIOMOLECULES – BCH101
UNIT CONTENT
Biomolecules: An Overview: Structure and Functions of Biomolecules, Diversity and
1 Distribution of Biomolecules; General Introduction of composition of living matter; Cell wall
structure.
Carbohydrates: Carbohydrate nomenclature; Monosaccharides, Classification of
Monosaccharide, Properties of Monosaccharide, Chemical Properties of Monosaccharide,
Derivatives of Monosaccharide, Glycosidic Linkage, Biological Significance of
2
Monosaccharide; Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Higher Oligosaccharides; Polysaccharides,
Homo polysaccharide, Hetero polysaccharides, Glycosaminoglycans, Glycoconjugates:
proteoglycans, glycoproteins and glycolipids, Biological functions of carbohydrates,
Lipids: Fatty acids, Saturated and Unsaturated fatty acids, Naming of Fatty acids; Saturated and
Unsaturated Fats, Sources of Saturated and Unsaturated Fats, Essential Fatty acids;
Classification of lipids, Simple lipids, Compound lipids, derived lipids; Biologically important
3
cholesterol derivatives, Fat soluble vitamins, Eicosanoids, Lipoproteins, Biological functions of
Lipids, Cellular Energy Source, Storage of Triglyceride in Adipose Cells, Mobilization of Fatty
Acids, Membrane Component.
Amino Acids: Amino Acids: An Overview; Functions of Amino Acid; Some Important Amino
4 Acids, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine,
Tryptophan, Valine, Non-essential Amino Acids
Proteins: Classification of proteins on the basis of shape and solubility, Simple and Globular
Proteins, Conjugated Proteins, Derived Proteins; Biological functions of proteins; Composition
of Proteins, α-Amino acids, Properties of Amino Acids, Standard Amino Acids, Essential and
5
Non essential Amino Acids, Titration of Amino Acids, Absorption of UV- light by Aromatic
Amino Acids, The Peptide Bond; Overview of Protein Structure, Primary, Secondary, Super
secondary, Fibrous Proteins and Tertiary Structure
Nucleic Acids: The chemical composition of nucleic acids, Nitrogenous Bases, The Pentoses of
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Polynucleotides; Structural
Organization of Nucleic Acid, Chargaff’s Rule; Classes of Nucleic Acids; Deoxyribonucleic
Acid (DNA), Structure of Double stranded DNA, Features of B form of DNA (Watson-Crick
6
Model), Alternative Forms of DNA, DNA Topology, Denaturation, and Renaturation of DNA,
Biological Significance of DNA; Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), Structure of Ribonucleic Acid, The
Primary Structure of RNA, Types of RNA, Regulatory RNAs, Comparison between DNA and
RNA
Enzymes: Properties of Enzyme; Nomenclature of Enzyme; Major Classes of Enzymes;
Enzyme Action, Unit of Enzyme Activity, Turnover Number, Enzyme Specificity, Catalytic
Mechanism of Enzyme Action; Enzyme Kinetics, Michaelis-Menten Approach to Enzyme
Kinetics, Steady State Assumption, Line Weaver-Burk Plot or Double Reciprocal Plot,
Significance of Km and Vmax Values; Significance of Kcat, and Kcat/Km; Factors Determines the
Rate of an Enzymatic Reaction, Effect of substrate concentration, Effect of enzyme
7
concentration, Effect of Temperature, Effect of pH, Effect of Inhibitors, Effect of Activators;
Enzyme Inhibition, Allosteric Enzymes, Isoenzymes, Zymogens, Lysozymes; Regulation of
Enzyme Activity, Reversible and Irreversible Covalent Modification, Regulation of Activity by
Anchoring of Enzymes in Membrane: Spatial relationship, Regulation of Activity by Enzyme
Synthesis and Degradation, Regulation of Activity by other means: Specialized control,
Regulation of Activity by Feedback Inhibition, Other Regulatory Mechanisms
Vitamins: Vitamins: An Overview; Types of vitamins, Water soluble Vitamins, Fat soluble
8
Vitamins; Importance of vitamins; Applications of all types of vitamins.
LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Voet & Voet Text Book of Biochemistry, 3rd Edition
B. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 4th Edition
C. Charles M. Grisham, Biochemistry: Reginald Garret
D. Hiram F. Gilbert, Basic Concept in Biochemistry: A Student Survival Guide
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.worhington-biochem.com/introbiochem/enzymes.pdf.
B. http://courses.chem.psu.edu/chem112/materials/enzymes.pdf.
C. http://www.biologymad.com/resources/Ch%204%20-%Enzymes.pdf.
BIOMOLECULES (P) – BCH101P
1. Preparation of Solutions
2. Preparation buffer
3. Estimate the concentrations of reducing sugar present in given sample by DNSA method
4. Estimate the concentrations of sugar present in given sample by Anthrone method
5. Estimate the concentration of amino acids in given sample by Ninhydrin method
6. Estimate the concentration of protein in given sample by Biuret method
7. Estimate the concentration of protein in given sample by Folin-Lowry’s method
8. Estimate the concentration of protein in given sample by Bradford’s method
9. Estimate the amylase activity present in the given sample
10. Investigate the effect of temperature on amylase activity and find out the temperature optima for
amylase
PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY – BCH102
UNIT CONTENT
Basic Biochemistry and Bio-molecules: Scope and importance of biochemistry and molecular
biology in plants; Structural organization of prokaryotic Cells, Internal Structure of Prokaryotic
Cells, Genetic Materials of Prokaryotes, Prokaryotic Cell Structures Outside of Plasma
Membrane; Structural Organization of Eukaryotic Cells, Internal Membrane, Mitochondria and
Plastids, Cytoskeletal Structures, Cell Wall, Plant Cell; Virus: Structural Organization,
Icosahedral, Envelope, Complex, Bacteriophage, Helical; Fractionation of Plant Cell
Organelles; Chemical Bonding in Biological Systems, Entropy and the Laws of
Thermodynamics, Protein Folding can be Understood in Terms of Free Energy Changes,
Biological Buffer and pH; Redox Reactions, Reactions during Photosynthesis, Location of the
1
Redox Reactions in the Plants; Role of High Energy Phosphates, High energy Compounds,
Representations of High energy Phosphate Bonds; Biomembranes, Phospholipids, Cytosolic and
an Exoplasmic Face, Phospholipid Composition Differs in Two Membrane Leaflets;
Carbohydrate, Classification of Carbohydrates, Structure and properties of Carbohydrates,
Functions of Carbohydrate; Proteins, Classification, General Structure and properties of
proteins, Protein Functions; Lipids, Classification of Lipids, Structure of Lipids, Properties of
Lipids, Functions of Lipids; Nucleic Acids, Types and Structure of Nucleic Acids, Biochemical
Properties of Nucleic Acid, Biological Role of Nucleic Acids; Prostaglandins, Structure of
Prostaglandin, Functions of Prostaglandins.
Intermediary Metabolism: Anabolism, Carbon Fixation, Carbohydrates and Glycans, Fatty
Acids, Isoprenoids and Steroids, Proteins, Nucleotide Synthesis and Salvage; Catabolism,
Energy from Organic Compounds, Digestion; Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Glycolitic
Pathway, Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Pathway, Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, Glyoxylate Cycle,
Gluconeogenesis; Biological Oxidation, Electron Transport Chain Makes Energy, Oxidative
2 Phosphorylation; Lipid Metabolism, Energy Production Fatty Acid Oxidation; Amino Acid,
Glutamate family, Aspartate Family, Alanine-valine-leucine Group, Aromatic Amino Acids;
Metabolism of Nucleic Acids, Formation of PRPP, DE NOVO Ribonucleotide Synthesis,
Nucleotide Catabolism and Salvage; Overall Metabolism; Signal Transduction Mechanisms,
Role of Ion Channels in ABA Signaling, Light-induced Stomatal Opening, ABA-induced
Stomatal Closing.
Biochemistry of Food-grains, Fruits and Vegetables: Fundamentals of Nutrition, Major
Nutrients; Concept of Balanced Diet, Factors Determining Food Acceptance/choice,
Regulations of Body Temperature, Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Average
Indian; Physiology and Nutrition of Carbohydrates, Fats and Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats,
3
Proteins; Vitamins, Classification of Vitamins; Biochemical Composition and Food Value,
Pulses, Cereals and Whole Grains, Oilseeds, Fruits and Vegetables; Biochemistry of Fruit
Ripening, Post harvest Biochemical Changes; Storage of Fruits and Vegetables, Methods of
Preservation, Other Factors to Consider; Biochemical Basis of Quality Improvement, Enzymic
Changes, Chemical changes, Physical Changes, Biological Changes, Methods of Reducing
Deterioration; Antioxidants, Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant protection, Dietary
Antioxidants, Phytonutrients, Endogenous Antioxidants; Nutraceuticals, Classification of
Nutraceuticals, Dietary Supplements, Functional Foods; Food Toxins, Natural Toxins present in
Food of Plant Origin, Natural Toxins present in food of animal origin, Toxic Effects and Food
Poisoning, Risk Reduction Measures; Antimetabolites; Food Additives, Categories, Safety;
Storage Proteins.
Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic Pigments, Pigment Involved in Photosynthesis; Light Reactions
of Photosynthesis, Photo system, Photophosphorylation; Dark Reactions of Photosynthesis, C3
Cycle, C4 Cycle, Crassulacean Acid Metabolism; Carbon Cycle; Photorespiration;
4
Photosynthesis, Photorespiration and Crop Productivity; Chloroplast, Structure, Biochemical
Anatomy, Interaction between Chloroplast, Cytosol and Other Cell Organelles; Seed Reserve
Biosynthesis, CWSPs in Endosperms, CWSPs in Cotyledons.
Plant Metabolic Processes: Metabolism of mineral nutrients in plants; Sulphur metabolism,
Sulphate Assimilation in Lower Plants and Algae, The Need to Adapt to and Manage Sulphur
supply; Nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrification, De-nitrification, Nitrate and Nitrite
Reduction; Biochemical and physiological role of hydrogenase, Structural Classification,
Biological Function, Physiological Role; Chemoautotrophy in Rhizobia and Nitrifying bacteria,
5 Oxidation of Ammonia to Nitrate; Cell cycle; Growth regulation in plants, Three Common Plant
Growth Regulators, Plant Growth Regulators and Food Safety; Signal transduction and
phytohormones, The shade Avoidance Response; Molecular mechanisms of plant Growth,
Hormone action, Perception and Signal Transduction; Role of oligosaccharides and
polysaccharides in cellular metabolism, Metabolism of cyanogenic glycosides and
glucosinolates.
Plant Molecular Biology: Plant Genome Organization, Plant Nuclear Genome, Chloroplast
Genome Organization, Mitochondrial Genome Organization; Genomics, Functional Genomics;
Tissue Specific Expression of Genes; Molecular Biology of Various Stresses, Molecular
Biology of Drought, Salinity Stress and Plant Response; Signal Transduction and its Molecular
Basis, Molecular Mechanism of Plant Hormone Action; Structure, Organization and Regulation
6 of Nuclear Genes, Composition of Nuclear DNA, Genome Size or Nuclear DNA Content;
Genes Involved in Nitrogen Fixation; Regulation of Chloroplast Gene Expression;
Mitochondrial Control of Fertility, Genes and Genetic Capacity, Cytoplasmic Male Sterility;
Plant Molecular Markers and their Applications, DNA based Molecular Markers, Properties
Desirable for Ideal DNA Markers, Types and Description of DNA Markers, Applications of
Molecular Markers in Plant Genome Analysis and Breeding.
Plant Biotechnology: Totipotency; Application of tissue culture for plant improvement, Plant
Breeding and Biotechnology, Wide Hybridization, Haploids, Somaclonal Variation, Micro
propagation; Cryopreservation, Methods of Cryopreservation of Plant Genetic Resources;
7
Principles of Gene Cloning; Isolation and Characterization of Plant Genes; Gene Transfer,
Target Cells for gene transformation, Vectors for gene transfer, Gene delivery Methods; Gene
Silencing; Site-directed Mutagenesis.
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
D. Principles of Biochemistry, Donald Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt, Judith G. Voet, 2013
E. Lea PJ & Leegood RC. 1993. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2nd Edition John Wiley.
F. Heldt HS. 1997. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Oxford Univ. Press.
G. S.R. Mishra (2003) Biomolecules.
WEB LINKS:
D. http://www.biochemj.org/bj237/0001/237001.pdf.
E. http://www.springer.com/life+sciences/journal/13562
F. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/biochemistry
G. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780122146749
ENZYMOLOGY – EZY101
UNIT CONTENT
Introduction to Enzymes: Theory of Enzyme, What Types of Enzymes are there? How are
Enzymes used? How are Enzyme Preparation made? What Affects the Activity and Stability of
Enzyme?; Classification of Enzymes, General Principles, Common and Systematic Names,
Scheme for the Classification of Enzymes and the Generation of EC Numbers, Rules for
1
Classification and Nomenclature, Rules and Guideline for Particular Classes of Enzymes;
Protein and Non protein Enzymes; General Properties of Enzymes; Factors Affecting Enzyme
Activity, Effect of pH, Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity, Temperature Optimum of an
Enzyme, Substrate Concentration; Catalystic Reaction of Enzyme; Advantages of Enzyme.
In Vitro Enzyme Activity: In Vitro Activity of Purified enzymes and their applications in
industry, Specific Activity; Enzyme uses in food processing, medicine Diagnostics and
production of new compounds, Food Processing Medical Applications of Enzymes, Diagnostics,
2
Production of New Compounds, Other Application; Enzymes as research tool, Alcohol
Dehydrogenase (ADH), Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH);
Modification of biological compounds with the help of enzyme; Enzymes in Molecular Biology.
Enzyme Kinetics: Basic definitions, Rates of Consumption and Formation, Rate of Reaction,
Elementary and Composite Reactions, Order of Reaction and Rate Constant, Numbering of
Reactions, Steady state Approximation; Enzyme reactions involving a single substrate, Limiting
Kinetics of Enzyme- Catalysed Reactions; Enzyme reactions involving more than one substrate,
3 Michaelis-Menten Kinetics; Inhibition, Reversible and Irreversible Inhibitions, Linear and Non
linear Inhibition, Degree of Inhibition, Classification of Inhibition Types, Product Inhibition;
Comparison of Enzyme Kinetics with Radioligend binding, Lineweaver-Burk Plot, Eadie-
Hofstee Plot, Hanes-Woolf Plot; Enzyme Inhibitors, Non-specific Inhibitors, Competitive
Inhibitors; Rapid Kinetics, Stopped-Flow, Quench-Flow.
Enzymes Metabolism: Molecular Recognition, “Lock and Key” Hypothesis, “Induced Fit”
Hypothesis; Stabilization of the transition state, Enzymes supply Enormous Rate Accelerations;
Entropy loss and destabilization of the ES complex, Transition State Analogs Bind Very Tightly
4 to the Active Site; Types of Enzyme catalysis, Covalent Catalysis, Base Catalysis, Metal Ion
Catalysis; Enzyme mechanisms, Serine Proteases, Aspartic Proteases, AIDS Virus HIV-1
Protease, Lysozyme; Allosteric interaction, Models of Allosteric Regulation, Historic Examples
of Cooperativity and Allostery in Proteins, Types of Allosteric Regulation.
Special Enzymes: Metal Ions; Organic cofactors, Vitamins and Derivatives; Cofactors as
Metabolic intermediates, Isozymes, Metalloenzyme; Function and role, General Functions of
5 Metalloenzymes; Regulation and control, Metalloenzyme Inhibition, Membrane Bounded
Proteins; Different methods of enzyme extraction, Enzyme Activities Assay, Preparation of the
Reagents; Lipid protein interaction.
Immobilization: Immobilization of Enzymes; Kinetics of immobilized enzyme; Effect of solute
partition on the kinetics of immobilized enzyme; Effects of solute diffusion on the kinetics of
6
immobilized enzymes, Applications of immobilized enzymes, Use in Medicine, Therapeutic
Uses, Using Enzyme Inhibitors, Other uses.
LEARNING SOURCE: Self Learning Materials
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Koshland D. The Enzymes, v. I, ch. 7, Acad. Press, New York, 1959
B. Donald Voet, Judith Voet and Charlotte W Pratt. Fundamentals of biochemistry, life at molecular
level. 2nd Edition, John Wiley 2006
C. Trevor Palmer. Enzymes: biochemistry, biotechnology and clinical chemistry. East West Press
2004
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/bookseries/00766879
B. http://www.biochem.med.umich.edu/?q=enzymology
C. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_in_Enzymology
D. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/enzymology
YEAR II
UNIT CONTENTS
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Wootton, David. Bad medicine: doctors doing harm since Hippocrates. Oxford: Oxford University
Press: 2006
B. Knoll, Max. “Aufladepotentiel and Sekundaremission elektronenbestrahlter Korer”. Zeitschrift fur
technische Physik 16:467-475. 1935
C. Harrison, Roger G., Todd, Paul, Rudge, Scott R. Petrides D.P. Bioseparations Science and
Engineering. Oxford University Press, 2003
D. Holladay LA. “Simultaneous rapid estimation of sedimentation coefficient and molecular weight”.
Biophys Chem. 1980, 11(2) Pubmed.
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.lenntech.com/library/clarification/centrifugation.htm.
B. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Sigma-
Aldrich/Brochure/1/biofiles_v6_n5.pdf.
C. http://www.westfalia-separator.com/applications/beverage- technology/wine/winemaking.html.
MOLECULAR GENETICS– GNT201
UNIT CONTENTS
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Watson, Molecular Biology of the Gene.
B. Harvey F. Lodish, Molecular Cell Biology, 4th Edition.
C. Benjamin Lewin, Gene VII.
D. Benjamin Lewin, Cells.
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/bio_nucleicacids.html
B. http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/virttxtjml/nucacids.htm.
C. http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/a/nucleicacids.htm.
D. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/1biochem/nucleic8html
MOLECULAR GENETICS (P) – GNT201P
1. PCR amplification of DNA
2. Restriction enzyme digestion of DNA
3. Ethanol precipitation of DNA
4. Agarose gel electrophoresis
5. Transformation of E. coli by electroporation
6. Preparative DNA Fragment Isolation from an Agarose Gel
7. Ligations of plasmid DNA to insert DNA
8. Transfection of mammalian cells using Lipofectamine
9. Cycle Sequencing Protocols For ABI 3100
10. One Step Gene Assembly (Gene Synthesis)
IMMUNOLOGY– MBL202
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Stefan Dubel (edition), Handbook of Therapeutic Antibodies.
B. H. Zola, Monoclonal Antibodies.
C. F. Breitling an d Stefan Dubel, Recombinant Antibodies.
D. Monoclonal Antibody Index: Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy (Volume 1)
E. Monoclonal Antibody Index: Transplant, Infection, Heart (Volume 2)
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.biomed.drexel.edu/new04/content/academics/CourseMaterials/BMES212_2009WINT
ER/ImmuneResponse.pdf
B. http://www.uta.edu/biology/britton/classnotes/1442/CH43.pdf.
C. http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v133/n9full/jid2013287a.html
D. http://wwwlabdserotec.com/an-introduction-to-elisa.html.
IMMUNOLOGY (P) –MBL202
1. Isolation and structure of immunoglobulins,
2. Monoclonal antibodies: production, purification and enzymatic fragmentation
3. To Produce Polyclonal Antibodies
4. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
5. Dot- ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay)
6. Radial Immuno Diffusion Test (RID)
7. Inheritance: Consequences of Clonal Selection Immunofluorescence
8. Detection of a Single Antibody Producing Cell (Jerne Plaque Assay)
9. MHC Polymorphism: HLA Typing by PCR
10. Phagocytosis
INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM –BCHI4210
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Hiram F. Gilbert, Basic Comcept in Biochemistry: A Student Survival Guide
B. Reginald Garret, Charles M. Grisham, Biochemistry
C. Voet & Voet, Text Book of Biochemistry: 3rd Edition
D. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4th Edition.
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-energy-metabolism.htm
B. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/bio_methbolism.html
C. http://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/metabolism.htm
D. http://www.ds9a/metabolism/
INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM (P) – BCH201P
1. Amylase production test (demonstration of starch hydrolysis)
2. Cellulose production test (degradation of cellulose)
3. Production of Pectolytic enzymes (degradation of pectin)
4. Hydrolysis of gelatin, a protein (production of gelatinase)
5. Casein hydrolysis
6. Urease test
7. Hydrogen sulfide production test
8. Carbohydrate catabolism by microorganisms
9. Fermentation of carbohydrate
10. Microbial reaction in litmus milk
MEMBRANE BIOLOGY –BCH202
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. William Stillwell, An Introduction to Biological Membranes from Bilayers to Rafts, 2013,
Elsevier.
B. Mary Luckey, 2008, Membrane Structural Biology
C. P.S. Verma, Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology: Evolution and Ecology, S Chand & Co
Ltd, 2006
D. Alberts et. Al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 4th Edition, Garland Publisher, 2002
WEB LINKS:
A. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_membrane
B. http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK22361/
C. http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/anatomy2textbook/phospholipids.html
D. http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/membranes.php.
GUIDELINES FOR SEMINAR – SEM201
1. The seminar will be conducted in B.Sc. Second Year and will be of 100 Marks
2. Students have to select a topic of their interest relevant to Advance Science or any areas of
interdisciplinary approach in the biological sciences
3. The seminar should cover the relevant information on current scenario of last 3 years
4. There will be an internal evaluation by internal evaluating committee of the relevant department
5. Evaluation will be done on the basis of
a) Relevance of topic selected
b) Way of presentation (language, ppt format, confidence, eye contact, body language and other
qualities of presentation)
c) Response to queries
6. The committee will submit the marks to the university.
7. An external evaluation will also be done at the end of term and the evaluation pattern will remain same
as that of internal.
YEAR III
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Ackerman, F., 2000, Waste Management and Climate Change, Local Environment, 5(2), pp. 223-
229
B. Austrian Federal Government, 2001, Third National Climate Report of the Austrian Federal
Government, Vienna, Austria.
C. Gerben J Zylstraa and Jerome J Kukor, What is environmental biotechnology? Current Opinion in
Biotechnology 16(3): 243-245,2005
D. Chanton, J. and K. Liptay, 2000, Seasonal variations in methane oxidation in a landfill cover soil as
determined by an in situ stable isotope technique, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 14,pp. 51-60
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.eschooltodya.com/energy/non-renewable-energy/what-is-non-renawable-energy.html
B. http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/
C. http://ecosystems.psu.edu/youth/sftrc/environ-series/rnr-mat.
D. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_science
INDUSTRIAL BIOCHEMISTRY– BCH301
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Pelczar MJ, Chan ECS, Kleig NR, 1993, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hill.
B. Tom Betsy, & Jim Keogh, 2005, Microbiology Demystified, McGraw Hill.
C. R C Tilton, 2002, Microbiology, 10th ed, McGraw Hill.
D. Stuart Hoggy, 2005, Essential Microbiology, Wiley.
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.water.me.vccs.edu/courses/env108/Lesson3_print.htm
B. http://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=cr&ei=Nx9uUrn0GMA4rgeB44CgCA#q=isolation+of+microor
ganisms
C. http://www.google.co.in/?gws_rd=cr&ei=Nx9uUrn0GMA4rgeB44CgCA#q=fermentation
D. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemist
INDUSTRIAL BIOCHEMISTRY (P) – BCH301P
1. Determination of aluminum, iron, and zinc in plants by nitric and perchloric acid digestion and analysis
by ICP-OES
2. Determination of soluble protein content by Lowry method
3. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and isozyme analysis
4. Determination of tryptophan content in maize flour by papain hydrolysis
5. Estimation of total amylase [(α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) and β-amylase (3.2.1.2)] activity
6. Extraction and estimation of total lipid content in oilseed
7. Estimation of total soluble solids
8. Estimation of structural carbohydrates
9. Estimation of sucrose synthase activity
10. Estimation of nitrogenase activity
NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY– BCH302
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Tom Brody, Nutritional Biochemistry, 2nd Edition, Academic Press
B. Maria C. Linder, Elsevier; Nutritional biochemistry and metabolism: With clinical applications, 2nd
Edition.
C. Annual Editions: Nutrition 11/12, McGraw-Hill/Dushkin; 23 Editions.
D. Bliss M, the Discovery of Insulin. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1982, p 155.
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.acefitness.org/cettifiednewsarticle/2882/resting-metabolic-rate-best-ways-to-measure-
it-and/
B. http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5686e04.htm
C. http://mccuescience.com/uploads/SDAreview.pdf.
D. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Fundamentals_of_Nutrition/Nutritional_Biochemistry
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY– BCH303
UNIT CONTENT
ADDITIONAL READINGS:
A. Nessar Ahmed, Clinical Biochemistry, OUP Oxford, 2010, Jaypee Brothers
B. VP Acharya, PK Mohanty, A Complete Workbood on Clinical Biochemistry, 2010 JPH
C. N Haridas, Biochemistry Made Easy: A Problem-Based Approach, 2012, Jaypee Brothers
D. Takkella Nagamma, MCQs in Biochemistry with Explanation, 2013
WEB LINKS:
A. http://www.faculty.ksu.edu.sa/52876
B. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Introduction-To-Biochemistry-1506934.html
C. http://www.allbookez.com/basic-biochemistry-lecture-notes
D. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_chemistry
CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY (P) – BCH303P
1. To Determine the Blood group of and individual by Slide Agglutination Test.
2. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
3. Collection of Specimens for Analysis
4. Estimation of Serum Cholesterol
5. Estimation of Blood Sugar
6. Estimation of Serum Protein
7. Estimation of Serum Bilirubin
8. Estimation of Serum Uric Acid
9. Estimation of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
10. To Estimate the Hemoglobin Content of Human Blood
PROJECT WORK/ INDUSTRIAL TRAINING – PRJ301
The topic of the project should be selected by the students themselves in consultation with the industry as well
as the faculty guide. The project work is to be submitted to the training coordinator by before the end of final
year examinations.
The project work (including the contact details of the project guide) is to be forwarded to the Training
Coordinator. Candidate will come to college to get their project checked by their training coordinator.
Project Work: The synopsis should be, mention the project title, indicate the problem identification and
approach towards the project the following points
1. Brief profile of Industry
2. Purpose / Objectives of the Project / Research
3. Scope
4. Methodology
5. Need for study.
6. Organization’s benefit / gain as a result of the project
7. Name, Contact Address, Telephone no., Cell no., e-Mail ID of the project guide in the organization in
order to seek timely confidence reports about the project progress / conduct from the training
organization.
8. Lastly, following information is to be included in the end on a separate page, for:
a. Guest Lectures
b. Event Sponsorships
c. Industrial Visits
d. Management Development Programs Faculty