28 ŞUBAT 2021 YÖKDİL SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ SINAVI

1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere 4. Active life expectancy is a useful concept
uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz. which is — used for measuring the combined
health, functional, and longevity status of
relatively long-lived national populations in
1. Research has found that increasing your order to improve public health.
emotional intelligence at work has many — ,
including the ability to better manage stress at A) adversely
work and be more productive.
B) vaguely
A) coincidences
C) irrationally
B) constraints
D) increasingly
C) benefits
E) suspiciously
D) failures

E) predictions

2. Pollutants in the atmosphere lead to lung 5. Scientists developed a sensor the size of a
disease, but the biggest breathing danger may vitamin pili that is swallowed by the patient
be vvildfires; it takes only a few hours of — to easily, which if proved to work reliably as a
unhealthy particles to trigger an asthma attack. diagnostic tool, may — unpleasant endoscopy
screening tests in the future.
A) restriction
A) trigger
B) subscription
B) replace
C) exposure
C) reveal
D) inconvenience
D) pretend
E) progression
E) cultivate

3. Elderly people are particularly — to 6. The process of juicing removes many of the
heatstroke because they often have ‘hearts and nutrients in fruit, particularly fibre, and —
their skin is less effective at svveating. fructose, a type of sugar, so you are essentially
drinking water full of sugar.
A) vvilling
A) vvipes out
B) changeable
B) slows down
C) indifferent
C) leaves behind
D) peculiar
D) puts on
E) susceptible
E) stems from

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 28 ŞUBAT 2021 YÖKDİL SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ SINAVI

7. The incidence of diabetes — quite 10. Speech and language disorders in children
dramatically in recent years, especially in the are usuallydiagnosed — a speech and
United States, where in general people take less language pathologist, often — the help of a
exercise, and food — in greater quantity. pediatrician, audiologistand neurologist.

A) is increasing / will be taken A) with / for

B) has increased / is taken B) in / among

C) increases / is being taken C) by / with

D) increased / has been taken D) from/on

E) had increased / was taken E) through / by

8. Researchers — that wee a sleep tracking 11. Dark leafy greens like spinach and kale are
device to bed — people obsess över their famous — their nutritional superpovvers, but
sleep’s statistics, leading to a poor night’s rest. there is new insight — the best way to eat them:
raw or in a smoothie.
A) had found / can make
A) by/on
B) must find / vvould make
B) in / about
C) have found / could make
C) with / to
D) will find / ought to make
D) from / around
E) can find / used to make
E ) fo r/ into

12. Scientists believe that there are several risk

9. Salmon is a nutritious fish as it is rich —
factors associated — Alzheimer’s disease, so
vitamin B12, and omega-3fatty acids in it
they prescribe a regimen of exercise, methods
improves attention and Processing speed in
to reduce stress and even nutritional
people — mild cognitive impairment
supplements to patients to compensate — their
A) at/of deficits.

B) about / for A) to/in

C) in / with B) at/from

D) from/to C) with / for

E) with / through D) on / tovvard

E) by / about

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 28 ŞUBAT 2021 YÖKDİL SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ SINAVI

13. — some research initially indicated an 16. — a parent is advised so by the child’s
association betvveen many events at birth and physician, topical antibiotics should not be used
autism, subsequent studies have notsupported on children undertvvo months of age.
many of these findings.
A) Since
A) Even though
B) Unless
B ) VVhenever
C) VVhereas
C) Because
D) As though
D) Only if
E) İn order that
E) By the time

14. Hair on the head can grow to several feet in 17. İn the prescribing information of a drug, the
length — the hair of the eyelashes is generally follovving must be included among others: a
no longer than about a quarter of an inch long. description of its active ingredient, precautions,
adverse reactions and instructions on what to
A) as long as do — overdosage.
B) novvthat A) in case of
C) önce B) for the sake of
D) when C) in terms of
E) vvhereas D) by means of

E) except for

15. — most people think of a narcoleptic as a 18. Researchers who analysed the effects of 13
person who falls asleep at inappropriate times, oils and fats on cholesterol levels found that
sufferers of narcolepsy also share other seed oils were best at lovvering ‘bad’ LDL
symptoms, including excessive daytime cholesterol — their unsaturated fat content.
sleepiness and hallucinations.
A) in place of
A) Although
B) due to
B) Since
C) according to
C) Given that
D) such as
D) Unless
E) on behalf of
E) Önce

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19. Joints are the structures where two or more

bones come together, — directly means of
strong fibrous cords called ligaments.

A) a s / as

B) either / or

C) no sooner/ than

D) so / that

E) the more / the more

20. A long, tvvisting tube makes up your

intestines, — digested food is absorbed and
thus your body is provided with energy and raw
materials.

A) vvhich

B) what

C) vvhere

D) that

E) when

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 28 ŞUBAT 2021 YOKDIL SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ SINAVI

21 -25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada

numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya
23.
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
A) from

B) över
Meditation has escaped both the religious cells of
monks and nuns and the labs of scientists. An C) in
increasing number of people are using meditation
apps to deal with mental health problems, (21) — D) at
depression and anxiety. (22) — there is no clear
E) with
estimate of how many people are practising
meditation, last year one single app had close to 40
million downloads. However, now a newstudy,
vvhich reviews över 40 years of the Science of
meditation and mindfulness-based therapies,
suggests that these practices can also lead to
negative effects (23) — about 8 per çent of
individuals from increases in anxiety, depression
and stress, to unusual experiences like
hallucinations. This sounds counterintuitive, given
the thousands of scientific studies exploring the 24.
positive effects of meditation. Scientists have been
aware of these problems for a long time. İn 1977, A) damaging
the American Psychiatric Association published a B) cancelling
statement (24) — that research on meditation
should evaluate both its usefulness and its dangers. C) increasing
Ancient meditation manuals, like the Buddhist
Dharmatrata Meditation Scripture, likewise reveal D) recommending
that if meditation is not carried out properly, the
E) spoiling
mind (25) — unstable, restless or confused.

21 .
A) in view of

B) by virtue of
25.
C) such as
A) used to become
D) in place of
B) should become
E) regardless of
C) has to become

D) must become
22.
E) may become
A) Because

B) Provided that

C) When

D) Although

E) As though
 28 ŞUBAT 2021 YÖKDİL SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ SINAVI

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada 28.

numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya
A) such as
da ifadeyi bulunuz.
B) despite

C) in terms of
The word ‘agoraphobia’ comes from two Greek
vvords that mean ‘ear’ and 'marketplace’ . D) in spite of
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder characterised by
intense fear related to being in situations (26) — E) other than
vvhich escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or
in which help might not be available in the event of a
panic attack or panic symptoms. Panic is defined as
extreme and (27) — fear and anxiety. Patients with
agoraphobia typically exhibit symptoms, (28) —
feeling dizzy, having Back of diarrhoea, fainting, or
‘going crazy’ when outside. (29) — most of these
patients do not know how to cope with these
symptoms, they tend to avoid situations that involve
being outside their home alone, being in crowds and 29.
being on a bridge. Agoraphobia (30) — to the point
that it interferes with a person's ability to take a job A) Even if
outside the home or to carry out such ordinary
errands and activities as picking up groceries or B) As soon as
going outto a movie. C) Because

D) As if
26. E) Until
A) from

B) of

C) with

D) on

E) vvithout 30.

A) might have intensified

B) should have intensified

27. C) has to intensify
A) inadequate D) may intensify
B) outdated E) will be able to intensify
C) inconsiderate

D) constructive

E) unreasonable

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31 -41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygun şekilde 34. — despite meeting our energy or calorie
tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz. requirements.

31. — , while some specialise in one particular A) Most people have a good understanding of the
aspect of orthopaedics, such as hand surgery or effects of nutrition on our physical health
joint replacements.
B) The contribution of diet to physical health status
A) İt is usually agreed that orthopaedics is one of is of great importance for many people
the main branches of medicine
C) Daily calorie intake should be made up of
B) Many orthopaedic surgeons maintain a general calories from a variety of foods
practice
D) Dietary intakes high in fat or sugar can frequently
C) Orthopaedists are urgently needed by many be low in essential vitamins and minerals
hospitals in developing countries
E) The food we eat plays an important role in our
D) Orthopaedics is the branch of medicine physical and emotional well-being
concerned with the diseases of bones or muscles

E) Orthopaedists have accomplished great

improvements in the development of artificial limbs

35. Even though the words obese and

32. Although sleep generally.is a vital aspect of
overvveight are used synonymously, — .
the physiological functioning of humans and
other higher organisms, — . A) comparing the height and vveight is the best tool
in hand to determine your vveight composition
A) the lack of normal sleep may have many different
consequences B) body composition or gender differences are also
other factors contributing to these subjects
B) the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and of the
stages of sleep is crucial C) the percentage of body fat and vvaist
circumference are almost never taken into
C) there seem to be significant physiological
consideration
benefits to various bodily systems
D) there has been a great deal of research on body
D) there is no single, vvell-defined function served by
fat and lean muscle mass in recent years
sleep
E) there is a great difference betvveen these terms
E) different needs are being met by different sleep
in both definition and associated health risk
stages

36. Unlike many cancers that are curable if

33. VVhile acne, a common skin disease, can
detected early, — .
arise at any age, — .
A) more than three quarters of patients vvith
A) the most troubling aspects of these lesions are
pancreatic cancer are betvveen 55 and 84 years old
the negative cosmetic effects
B) five-year survival rates for pancreatic cancer
B) there are some acne patients who can solely be
have increased from 6 to 9 percent
treated by family doctors
C) pancreatic tumours are quick to multiply, making
C) this disease affects nearly 17 million people in
the speed of diagnosis useless
the United States
D) precision medicine vvill ultimately help many
D) it occurs when the pores of the skin become
patients suffering from cancer
clogged with oil
E) in some types of cancer, patients can completely
E) it usually begins at puberty and vvorsens during
recover through early diagnosis
adolescence

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37. — , ali cells of the body require cholesterol 40. Caffeine is regarded by many as the best
because it is an essential constituent of ali celi way to give you a quick boost, — .
membranes.
A) for there are some lesser-knovvn natural
A) While cholesterol forms hormones that regulate alternatives to consider
vvater and electrolyte balance
B) yet one should be aware of its side effects that
B) Although cholesterol has the reputation of being come with excessive consumption
an unwanted, even dangerous substance
C) so natural energy boosters can help increase
C) Given that transportation of cholesterol in the energy production in cells
blood is a complex process
D) even though caffeine has long been known for its
D) Since too much cholesterol in your body may boost-giving effect
cause heart disease
E) although it reduces oxidative stress and supports
E) Just as increased dietary cholesterol tends to a reduction in tiredness
raise

38. — , there has been little research and miting 41. — , since its symptoms are obvious even to
on vegetarianism in the social Sciences. an untrained person.

A) As opposed to the social Sciences’ neglect of the A) Diagnosing choking due to mechanical
vvhole area of food consumption obstruction is straightforward

B) Just as social scientists are now turning their B) Incidences of choking is more common in
attention to the area of food in general children compared to adults

C) Despite the potential for a vvealth of social C) Smoking, heavy alcohol use and lung diseases
observation and analysis ali increase the risk of choking during sleep

D) VVhenever we come across some very useful D) The risk of choking due to obstructive sleep
research studies apnoea can be reduced by avoiding smoking

E) Because vegetarianism has emerged and E) Patients who suffer airvvay obstruction during
developed more as a social phenomenon than a sleep are treated with a specialised equipment
medical one

39. The liver makes about 80 percent of the

cholesterol in the blood circulation, it continues
to make cholesterol — .

A) as long as it receives the source materials

(dietary fats) to do so

B) though cholesterol is essential for celi membrane

repair and hormone production

C) as researchers recognised that the problem is

not cholesterol itself

D) seeing that cholesterol does not dissolve in vvater

or blood

E) vvhile cholesterol and saturated fats co-exist in

many animal-based foods

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42 -47. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümleye 44. Exercise causes micro-tears in your
anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyi bulunuz. muscles, which is a good thing because as they
repair över several days, your muscles grow
stronger.
42. İn the last decade, Science has confirmed
that meditation, when correctly practised, offers A) Egzersiz, kaslarınızda mikro yırtıklara neden
lasting benefits for your physical, emotional, olduğu için iyi bir şeydir çünkü bunlar birkaç gün
and mental health. içinde onarıldıkça kaslarınız daha da güçlenir.
A) Bilim, son on yıl içerisinde, doğru uygulanan B) Egzersizin kaslarınızda mikro yırtıklara neden
meditasyonun bedensel, duygusal ve akıl sağlığınız olması iyi bir şeydir çünkü bunlar onarılırken birkaç
için uzun süreli etkileri olduğunu kanıtladı. gün içinde kaslarınız daha da güçlenir.
B) Geçtiğimiz on yılda bilim, meditasyonun yeterince C) Kaslarınızda mikro yırtıklara neden olan egzersiz
uygulandığında insana uzun süreli bedensel, iyi bir şeydir çünkü bunların birkaç gün içinde
duygusal ve akli yararları olduğunu iddia etti. onarılmaları kaslarınızı daha da güçlendirir.
C) Son on yılda bilim, doğru uygulandığında,
D) Egzersiz, kaslarınızda mikro yırtıklara neden olur
meditasyonun bedensel, duygusal ve akıl
ve bu iyi bir şeydir çünkü bunlar birkaç gün içinde
sağlığınıza kalıcı yararlar sunduğunu doğruladı.
onarılırsa kaslarınız daha da güçlenir.
D) Meditasyonun doğru uygulandığında insanın
bedensel, duygusal ve akıl sağlığına devamlı olarak E) Egzersiz, kaslarınızda mikro yırtıklara neden olur
yararlı olduğu son on yılda bilim tarafından ki bu iyi bir şeydir çünkü kaslarınız birkaç gün içinde
doğrulandı. onarılırken daha da güçlenir

E) Meditasyonun doğru uygulanmasının insanın

bedensel, duygusal ve akıl sağlığına kalıcı yararlar
sunduğu son on yılda bilimsel olarak doğrulandı.

43. Exposure therapy is a form of cognitive- 45. Some have long thought that a virüs is
behavioural therapy in which patients with involved in some cases of obesity, but the idea
phobias are exposed to feared objects or is stili controversial.
situations while accompanied by the therapist.
A) Kimileri uzun zamandır bazı obezite vakalarında
A) Maruz bırakma terapisi, bir bilişsel-davranışsal bir virüsün rol aldığını düşünmektedir, fakat bu
tedavi türüdür ve fobileri olan hastalar bu tedavide düşünce hala tartışmaya açıktır.
bir terapist eşliğinde korkulan nesnelere veya
durumlara maruz bırakılır. B) Kimilerine göre uzun zamandır obezite
vakalarının bazılarında bir virüs etkili olsa da, bu
B) Bir çeşit bilişsel-davranışsal tedavi türü olan düşünce hala tartışılmaktadır.
maruz bırakma terapisinde, fobileri olan hastalar
korkulan nesne veya durumlara terapistleri C) Uzun zamandır bazı obezite vakalarının
tarafından maruz bırakılır. virüslerle alakalı olduğu düşünülse de, bu fikir
bazılarına göre hala tartışmaya açıktır.
C) Maruz bırakma terapisi, fobileri olan hastaların,
korkulan nesnelere veya durumlara terapist D) Kimileri bir virüsün obeziteye yol açtığını
eşliğinde maruz bırakıldığı bir bilişsel-davranışsal düşünse de, tartışmaya açık bu fikre uzun zamandır
tedavi türüdür. katılmayan kimseler de vardır.
D) Fobileri olan hastalar, bir tur bilişsel-davranışsal E) Bir virüsün belli obezite vakalarının sebebi
tedavi olan maruz bırakma terapisi boyunca
olabileceği uzun zamandır düşünülmektedir, ancak
korktukları nesnelere veya durumlara bir terapist kimileri de bu fikri tartışmaya açık bulurlar.
eşliğinde maruz bırakılır.
E) Fobileri olan hastaların korktukları nesnelere
veya durumlara maruz bırakıldığı bilişsel-
davranışsal bir tedavi türü olan maruz bırakma
terapisi, bir terapist eşliğinde uygulanır.

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46. Fibromyalgia is a common disorderthat has 47. Fair skin makes a person more likely to
only recently received recognition by the develop skin cancer, but only if he or she has
medical community, and although it is nottotally prolonged exposure to intensive sunlight.
curable, it can be greatly improved with lifestyle
changes. A) Bir kişi uzun süre yoğun güneş ışığına maruz
kalırsa, açık tenli olması bu kişinin cilt kanserine
A) Ancak son zamanlarda tıp çevrelerince tanımdık yakalanma riskini artırır.
kazanmış yaygın bir rahatsızlık olan fibromiyaljinin
tam tedavisi olmasa da bu rahatsızlık yaşam B) Bir kişinin uzun süre yoğun güneş ışığına maruz
tarzındaki değişikliklerle büyük oranda iyileştirilebilir. kalınca cilt kanseri olma olasılığı yalnızca bu kişi
açık tenliyse artar.
B) Fibromiyalji tamamen tedavi edilemez bir
hastalıktır ve ancak son zamanlarda tıp çevrelerince C) Açık ten, bir kişinin cilt kanseri olma ihtimalini
tanımdık kazanan bu yaygın rahatsızlık yaşam artırır ama ancak kişi uzun süre yoğun güneş
tarzındaki değişikliklere büyük oranda iyileştirilebilir. ışığına maruz kalmışsa.

C) Fibromiyalji ancak son zamanlarda tıp D) Açık tenli kişilerin cilt kanserine yakalanma
çevrelerince tanımdık kazanmış yaygın bir ihtimali, yalnızca uzun bir süre yoğun güneş ışığına
rahatsızlıktır ve tamamen tedavi edilebilir maruz kaldıklarında artar.
olmamasına rağmen yaşam tarzındaki değişikliklerle
E) Yoğun güneş ışığına uzun süre maruz kalmak,
büyük oranda iyileştirilebilir.
cilt kanserine yakalanma olasılığını artırırken, açık
D) Fibromiyalji tamamen tedavi edilemeyen yaygın tenli bir kişide bu olasılık daha yüksektir.
bir rahatsızlıktır ancak yaşam tarzındaki
değişikliklerle büyük oranda iyileştirilebildiğinden
son zamanlarda tıp çevrelerince tanımdık
kazanmıştır.

E) Fibromiyalji ancak son zamanlarda tıp

çevrelerince tanımdık kazanmıştır fakat bu yaygın
hastalık, yaşam tarzındaki değişikliklerle büyük
oranda iyileştirilebilse bile tam tedavisi yoktur.

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48 ■53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleye 49. Omurilikte meydana gelen hasar genellikle
anlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz. duyusal bilginin akışında kesinti ile
sonuçlanabilse de, işlev kaybının türü ve
derecesi hasarın miktarı ve yerine bağlıdır.

48. Balkabağındaki beta-karoten adı verilen A) Although the type and extent of the loss of
güçlü antioksidanlar, hastalıkla mücadele function depend on the amount and location of
etmeye ve DNA hasarını önlemeye yardımcı olur damage to the spinal cord, the damage may usually
ve vücutta A vitaminine dönüştürülerek sağlıklı result in interruption of the flow of sensory
gözleri destekler. information.

A) The powerful antioxidants in pumpkin that help B) The amount and location of damage to the spinal
fight disease and prevent DNA damage are called cord are related to the type and extent of the loss of
beta-carotene, which is converted to Vitamin A in function, despite the fact that the damage may
the body and supports healthy eyes. usually result in interruption of the flow of sensory
information.
B) The powerful antioxidants in pumpkin, called
beta-carotene, help fight disease and prevent DNA C) The type and extent of the loss of function are
damage, and they support healthy eyes by being usually determined by the amount and location of
converted to Vitamin A in the body. damage to the spinal cord, as the damage may
result in interruption of the flow of sensory
C) The powerful antioxidants in pumpkin, called information.
beta-carotene, help fight disease by preventing DNA
damage, and they are converted to Vitamin A in the D) While damage to the spinal cord may usually
body to support healthy eyes. result in interruption of the flow of sensory
information, the type and extent of the loss of
D) Beta-carotene, the powerful antioxidants in function depend on the amount and location of the
pumpkin, helps fight disease, prevents DNA damage.
damage, and supports healthy eyes as it is
converted to Vitamin A in the body. E) Damage to the spinal cord may result in
interruption of the flow of sensory information,
E) The powerful antioxidants in pumpkin, called usually depending on the type and extent of the loss
beta-carotene, are what help fight disease and of function as well as on the amount and location of
prevent DNA damage, and they are converted to the damage.
Vitamin A in the body, which supports healthy eyes.

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50. Zaman içinde trans ve doymuş yağ 52. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar, sürekli
tüketiminin, depresyon teşhisi konulma riskini % olarak aç hissediyorsanız, bunun nedeninin kötü
48'e kadar arttırdığı görülmüştür. gece uykusunun yol açtığı hormon dengesizliği
olabileceğini göstermiştir.
A) The risk of being diagnosed with depression över
time has been shown to increase by 48% with the A) According to recent research, the reason why
rise of the consumption of trans and saturated fats. you are constantly feeling hungry could be a
hormone imbalance caused by a bad night’s sleep.
B) it has been shown över time that consuming high
amounts of trans and saturated fats may increase B) According to recent research, hormone
the risk of depression by 48%. imbalance is shown to be the cause of feeling
constantly hungry and having a bad night's sleep.
C) The consumption of trans and saturated fats över
time has been shown to increase the risk of being C) Recent research has revealed that a bad night's
diagnosed with depression by up to 48%. sleep can cause a hormone imbalance, vvhich
makes you feel constantly hungry.
D) Research has shown that depression has
increased by up to 48% because of the D) Recent research has revealed that you may be
consumption of trans and saturated fats över time. feeling constantly hungry if you have a hormone
imbalance caused by a bad night's sleep.
E) Consuming trans and saturated fats may
increase the risk of being diagnosed with E) Recent research has shown that if you are
depression by as much as 48%, as it has been constantly feeling hungry, this could be due to a
shown by research över time. hormone imbalance caused by a bad night's sleep.

51. Enfekte olan bir kişiye maruz kaldıktan sonra 53. Ameliyat esnasında aşın kanama riskini
bile su çiçeği aşısı, aşıyı 72 saat içinde arttırdığından cerrahi bir işlemden önce aspirin
olursanız, sizi koruyabilir. alınmamalıdır.

A) Even if you receive the shot within 72 hours, the A) One should not take aspirin prior to a surgical
chicken pox vaccine will protect you after you have operation given that this drug is known to increase
been exposed to an infected person. the risk of bleeding during the operation.

B) You will be protected against even the chicken B) There is a risk of excessive bleeding during a
pox if you are vaccinated within 72 hours after surgical procedure, so aspirin should not be taken
exposure to an infected person. before a surgical procedure.

C) The chicken pox vaccine can protect you even if C) Because of the risk of excessive bleeding during
you receive the shot after 72 hours of exposure to a surgical operation, aspirin should not be taken
an infected person. before such an operation.

D) Only if you receive the shot vvithin 72 hours, will D) Aspirin is not recommended before a surgical
the chicken pox vaccine protect you even when you procedure due to the increased risk of excessive
have been exposed to an infected person. bleeding during the procedure.

E) Even after you have been exposed to an infected E) As it can increase the risk of excessive bleeding
person, the chicken pox vaccine can protect you if during surgery, aspirin should not be taken before a
you receive the shot within 72 hours. surgical procedure.

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54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlam bütünlüğünü 55. Ali adults need a biennial eye exam, or an
sağlamak için boş bırakılan yerlere annual one if they are över 60. A 2018 study by
getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz. the Canadian Association of Optometrists found
that two out of three seniors had an eye
condition such as glaucoma or macular
54. Dementia is a condition characterised by a degeneration, Glaucoma, the leading cause of
chronic decline in cognitive functions irreversible blindness, is called a silentthief for
contrasted with a person’s usual State of good reason. — Therefore, the onlyvvay to
functioning. İt is seen most often in people 65 catch it before significant damage has occurred
years and older, and the incidence increases is with regular eye exams.
with age. There are various causes and types of
dementia but they have certain characteristics in A) İt holds significant clues about the overall health.
common. — Also, they may have trouble with
B) Eye doctors are the first to notice serious
visuospatial Processing, such as getting lost in
diseases.
familiar places. Language may be affected,
causing difficulty in finding the right word to use C) İn the early stages, it is observed as
in a sentence. asymptomatic.
A) Hovvever, the onset of dementia is usually D) When having your Vision tested, relax and blink
insidious, making it difficult to diagnose until it is too often.
late for effective treatment.
E) Glaucoma is very common among avid readers.
B) Therefore, recognition of the condition is often
delayed as the affected person may not notice that
anything is wrong.

C) To illustrate, Alzheimer's disease is the most

common type of dementia in North America and
Europe.

D) For example, persons with dementia often have

problems with short-term memory, such as
forgetting names and recent events. 56. Currently, if a patient suffers from organ
failure, they are put on a transplant vvaiting list,
E) But dementia may also be caused by problems and then they have to keep their fingers crossed
such as cerebrovascular accident or hypertension. that a suitable match can be found before it is
too late. — An International team of scientists
has made a significant step tovvards making this
a reality. They have ‘bioprinted’ the vvorld’s first
fully functioning artificial vascular netvvork,
necessary for grovving large, complex tissues,
and ultimatelyorgans.

A) İn the future, hovvever, surgeons may be able to

simply produce the required organ on demand.

B) So, hospitals could be facing more challenges as

more and more patients start requiring the organs.

C) The number of patients on the vvaiting lists is

going up day by day around the vvorld.

D) For instance, there has been an increasing

number of researchers who try to solve the problem.

E) Doctors, on the other hand, need to find new

vvays to enhance their professional skills in
transplanting.

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57. — European researchers follovved 3,200 59. The consequences of famine are physical,
adults for 20 years; those with the most defined psychological, social, and economic.
forehead vvrinkles had nearly 10 times the risk of Malnutrition results from food shortage vvithin
dying from heart disease as those with few or vveeks. Children fail to grow and cannot learn in
none. The results remained unchanged even school, and both adults and children experience
after adjusting for age, gender, and health vveight loss, lack of energy, and decreased work
measures like smoking and blood pressure. ability. Permanent blindness can result from
Researchers think deep forehead vvrinkles may Vitamin A deficiency that accompanies a
signal narrovving of heart arteries in the deterioration of dietary quality. — Diseases
forehead and coronary plaque build-up. There such as measles, malaria, pneumonia, and
are better methods for detecting heart risks, but diarrhoea are the most common causes of death
researchers say vvrinkles may be a visual red during famine.
flag that could prompt physicians to run further
tests. A) An example of the chain of events that leads to a
natural famine is a poor harvest due to a drought or
A) A person's skin may reflect how healthy his or flood.
her heart is.
B) The immediate causes of famine are inadequate
B) Omega-3 fatty acid supplements have little food production or market availability.
benefit related to heart health.
C) Access to food is such a basic human need that
C) Eating large amount of fish and nuts may prevent control of the food supply translates into direct
heart diseases and vvrinkles. political and economic povver.

D) Nutrients received from sea products slovv the D) Losing land ovvnership and selling valuable
aging effects on the skin. assets can prevent families from recovering
financially after a famine.
E) To foster a younger looking skin, vitamin
supplements are thought be beneficial. E) Malnutrition also puts people at a high risk of
dying from common infectious illnesses.

58. The sense of taste is called gustation.

Though common perception is that the bumps
on the tongue are the taste buds, they are so
small that it is not possible to see them a
microscope. — Each taste bud contains
dozens-of taste ceils. Though taste buds for the
four categories of taste ■svveet, sour, salt, and
bitter ■are present throughout the mouth,
roughly 10,000 of them on the tongue align in
certain patterns.

A) The bumps are called papillae, and they contain

clusters of taste buds.

B) Taste buds on the tip of the tongue are

concentrated to detect svveet tastes.

C) Besides tastes, the tongue is also responsible for

the formation of sounds during speech.

D) The chamber at the back of the tongue receives

both air and food vvhile svvallovving.

E) The structures responsible for tasting begin to

take shape in the third vveek of embryonic
development.

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60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla 63. (I) Celiac disease — also known as celiac
okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü sprue, or sometimes simply sprue — is a chronic
bozan cümleyi bulunuz. autoimmune disease that affects the small intestine,
the main organ that absorbs food into the body. (II)
People with classic celiac disease cannot digest the
glüten found in wheat and other grains. (III) The
60. (I) İn most people, Vision is the primary sense Greek physician Aretaeus of Cappadocia wrote the
for gathering information about the world around us. first account of the disease around the first century
(II) İt is estimated that two-thirds of the knowledge A.D. (IV) Untreated, this intolerance can interfere
and data within the brain, existing as memories, with overall digestion, leading to severe diarrhoea,
comes in through the eyes-in the form of words, malnutrition, weight loss and, eventually, death. (V)
pictures, diagrams, and similar images. (III) Vision, People with celiac disease can literally starve to
of eyesight, is also vital for safety. (IV) Like death in the presence of food.
eyesight, hearing changes throughout a lifetime. (V)
We watch for and avoid hazards and dangers ali A)l B)ll C)lll D) IV E)V
around, from part-open doors to flashing vvarning
lights and fast-moving vehicles.

A)l B)ll C)lll D)IV E)V

61. (I) For reasons of convenience, most bottled 64. (I) Acupuncture is a Chinese therapeutic method
vvaters are sold in plastic containers that contain for the treatment of different symptoms including
phthalates. (II) Also, the results of any water quality pain. (II) Thin, solid needles are inserted into
tests that are made by the bottled water companies proposed specific points on the body, called
need not be released to the public. (III) Water is a acupuncture points. (III) The needles are inserted
universal solvent, so phthalates can be leached through the skin to varying depths, often into the
from a plastic bottle and mix with the water in it. (IV) underlying musculature. (IV) The needles are often
İt is stili not known if there are any negative health twirled slowly for a short time, 30-60 seconds and
effectsfrom human exposure to phthalates. (V) may be left in a place for a varying time, 2-30
However, rodents have experienced adverse effects minutes. (V) The method of applying electrical
from the Chemical in some studies, which makes it stimulation via acupuncture needles was introduced
apparent that additional research is needed on this in 1958.
issue.
A)l B)ll C)lll D) IV E)V
A)l B)ll C)lll D)IV E)V

62. (I) Zebrafish could become a povverful tool for

65. (I) Fever, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain
identifying the best chemotherapy to kili a particular
can be characteristic symptoms of a number of
patient's cancer. (II) Biologists Rita Fior and Miguel
diseases. (II) İn many cases, acute infectious
Godinho-Ferreira injected tumour cells from cancer
diarrhoea is a mild, limited annoyance. (III)
patients into zebrafish larvae and tested them with
However, worldwide it has a huge impact, causing
the same chemotherapy on the patients. (III) Mice
över five million deaths per year. (IV) While most
bred with human tumours have also been used for
deaths are among, children underfive years of age
similar tests, but this process is more expensive and
in developing nations, the impact, even in
can take months. (IV) The results correctly predicted
developed countries, is considerable. (V) For
vvhether the drugs would work in four of the five
example, över 250,000 individuals are admitted to
patients. (V) Fior and Godinho-Ferreira have
hospitals in Canada each year, which indeed shows
recently expanded the study to include more
how common diarrhoea cases are in the world.
patients and other types of cancers.
A)l B)ll C)lll D) IV E)V
A)l B)ll C)lll D)IV E)V

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66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre 67. İt is understood from the passage that
cevaplayınız. alternative medicine deals with not only disease
itself, but also — .
Statistics show that significant percentages of the
populations of developed countries use A) how much the treatment will cost
complementary and alternative medicine. İn the
B) an overall well-being of the body and mind
United States, according to a 2004 National
Institutes of Health survey, 36 percent of Americans C) the elimination of side effects
used complementary and alternative medicine as a
form of therapy. Women are more likely than men to D) vvomen's health in particular
use complementary and alternative medicine. The
trend toward using complementary and alternative E) the advancement of conventional medicine
medicine and natural compounds has significantly
increased in past decades. An important season for
this trend is the belief that these therapies will have
fewer side effects. Another important factor is a
Vision of health as a State of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease. İn contrast to conventional
medicine, which treats the body like a highly
complex machine, alternative medicine emphasises
the importance of the balance of mental, physical,
and spiritual aspects. Simplicity, availability, and
lower prices compared to modern medications also
contribute to the use of alternative medicine.

66. VVhich of the follovving is true about 68. One can inferfrom the passage that
alternative medicine in the US? conventional medicine — .

A) Americans are using alternative medicine more A) hasfevver side effects than alternative medicine
than any other nations. B) is generally applied in certain serious diseases
B) People are turning to alternative medicine mainly C) views health primarily as absence of disease
because it is cheaper.
D) is not the most preferred type of treatment
C) The side effects of alternative medicine are stili
being researched. E) adopts an oversimplistic approach to human
health
D) Most people stili believe that conventional
medicine has fewer side effects.

E) The use of alternative medicine has been

increasing

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69-71. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre 70. VVhich of the follovving is not true about
cevaplayınız. ■vvearable' devices?

Medical treatment today primarily takes the form of A) They are highly recommended by medical
drugs and therapy. But a third option is slowly professionals in the USA.
emerging: on-body, digital devices that can treat
B) They can be personally adapted for the user.
both mental and physical conditions. Such
Vvearable' therapy offers unique advantages in that C) They have fewer side effects than other methods
it is often more targeted, can be more affordable, of treatment.
personalised and has fewer negative side effects.
Mobile and wearable devices such as phones or D) They are vvithin a reasonable price range.
fitness trackers are now routinely used for
E) They are now used to detect and monitor
preventive health. They monitor physiological data
illnesses.
and behaviour, increase self-awareness and
encourage habitual change. They are also starting
to be used by medical professionals to diagnose
and monitor diseases. So far, the use of these
devices for intervention and treatment has been
limited to apps that have reminders to exercise,
guide people through meditation and mindfulness,
or provide supportfor cognitive behavioural therapy.
İn the future, especially in the USA, this technology
will expand into a bigger world.

69. According to the passage digital devices on 71. According to the passage in the future, — .
the body — .
A) the use of mobile and vvearable devices will be
A) may have various usages and advantages extended to different areas
B) are effective in treating exclusively physical B) cognitive behavioural therapy will be the first field
conditions to make use of wearable devices
C) work best when they are used with drugs C) digital health technologies will place more
emphasis on mental health
D) are likely to eliminate drug therapy
D) vvearable devices vvill take the place of medical
E) might be less efficient in diagnosing rare
professionals
disorders
E) vvearable devices vvill focus on optimising
treatment rather than prevention

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72 - 74. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre 73. What can be inferred from the passage about
cevaplayınız. diagnostic imaging Services in developing
countries?
There are many challenges in diagnostic imaging in
developing countries. Mainly, there is a severe lack A) The equipment suitable for diagnostic imaging
of safe and appropriate diagnostic imaging Services can be installed in hospitals.
in large parts of the world. The lack of equipment
B) The infrastructure for imaging Services has
could be due to lack of resources or poor
undergone some changes for the better.
maintenance of existing equipment. Additionally, in
many countries a large number of images are of C) There is a need forfurther training of specialists
poor quality and are of no diagnostic use. However, along with proper equipment.
even if proper equipment is available, there is a lack
of adequately trained medical specialists including D) The WHO has made sure that diagnostic imaging
radiographers and technologists. Inadequate is accessible for the majority.
training means a lack of qualified personnel, and
improper use of equipment as well as incorrect E) There have been a number of training
programmes for medical and technical staff.
interpretation of images. Finally, regardless of the
type of equipment and procedures used, diagnostic
imaging requires a rigid infrastructure that often
does not exist in developing countries. This
infrastructure includes trained medical and technical
staff; radiation protection measurements;
regulations; reliable supplies of clean vvater, electric
power; and adequate air-quality control. The goal of
the World Health Organization (WHO) for diagnostic
imaging is to make safe and reliable diagnostic
imaging Services available to as many as possible,
advise and support those working in the field
developing and maintaining these Services.

72. According to the passage diagnostic 74. The passage is mainly about — .
imaging Services in developing countries — . A) various changes in diagnostic imaging
A) maintain their quality and wide availability techniques in some parts of the world

B) are safe and function well at ali times B) the availability of medical Services in developed
countries
C) have abundant resources in various areas
C) the difficulties developing countries encounter
D) lackfunding for equipment and trained staff with diagnostic imaging

E) have the proper infrastructure to function well D) the quality of medical training in developing
countries

E) types of medical equipment available to patients

in developing countries

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75 - 77. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre 76. İt can be understood from the passage that
cevaplayınız. both oat and almond —.

Interest in veganism is increasing rapidly in New A) are used in creating milk alternatives for vegans
Zealand and as vegans do not consume dairy
B) have almost the same taste
Products, finding a milk alternative is the key. The
version that is really on the rise right now comes C) are equally valued by almond milk consumers
from good old oats. With the dairy-alternative space
growing globally, the demand for oat milk has D) make the dairy milk more creamy when added
become so massive that new factories are cropping
E) steam and become foamy comparably less
up ali över the US just to meet it. People are also
spreading the word on oat milk because of how it
tastes and performs. İt does not have the nutty taste
of other dairy alternatives like almond, it is creamy,
and it Stearns well compared to dairy milk - which is
an added bonus as not ali alternative milks become
foamy well. Both the fact that oat milk is plant-based
and people are familiar with the ingredient are
credited for turning oat milk into a must in the fridge
- oats is a well-known crop and often already part of
the breakfast time routine. İt is also known to be
very effective in maintaining a balanced diet. Now it
will only be a matter of time before we start seeing
oats as the star ingredient in vegan yoghurts and
creamy products.

75. According to the passage, New Zealand — . 77. What is the passage mainly about?
A) is a country vvhere the number of vegans is rising A) The potential of oats as milk to be consumed by
vegans
B) is the first country to use oat milk instead of dairy
products B) The increasing popularity of veganism in New
C) has the highest number of factories to meet the Zealand
demand for oat milk C) The competition between New Zealand and the
D) has been competing with the US vegan market US över the vegan market
for many years D) Differences betvveen dairy milk and oat milk
E) is trying tofind different products other than oat E) A comparison of the nutritional values of dairy
milk milk and oat milk

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78 - 80. soruları aşağıda verilen parçaya göre 79. it is understood from the passage that donor
cevaplayınız. lungs — .

Doctors performed the first successful lung A) should be taken from people who are at the age
transplantation in 1983 and nowperform several of 65
hundred lung transplantations each year. A lung
B) are matched with recipients through strict
transplantation may involve one lung or both lungs.
transplantation procedures
Less frequently a lung transplantation includes both
lungs and the heart. Donor lungs come primarily C) can be more successfully transplanted when the
from people who donate their organs upon death. recipient is a child
Live lobular donation, in which a living donor
undergoes surgery to have one lobe of the lungs D) are mainly preferred to be taken from people who
removed for transplantation, is occasionally a viable are alive
option for people who can find a tissue match
among two prospective donors, usually family E) are taken from candidates with consent from their
members, vvilling and medically capable of donating family members
a healthy lung lobes Doctors most commonly
consider living lobular donation as an option for
children who have aggressive cystic fibrosis. Many
circumstances influence whether an individual is an
appropriate candidate for lung transplantation.
Because donor lungs are in short supply, the criteria
for transplantation are stringent though vary
somewhat among transplant centres. İn general,
lung transplantation recipients must be under age
65, in good health except for their pulmonary
conditions, and demonstrate willingness and ability
to comply with the post-transplantation çare
regimen. Transplantation criteria nearly always
exclude patients who have cancer and
immunodeficiency disorders.

78. it is clearly stated in the passage that lung 80. One can conclude from the passage that
transplantation — . lung transplantation — .

A) sometimes means transplanting heart in addition A) is more difficult when the recipient requires both
to the lungs lungs

B) is mainly done with lungs of a living donor from B) requires regular medical çare for potential
the family problems after surgery

C) was very challenging and usually resulted in C) is never done when the recipient has
deaths before 1983 immunodeficiency disorders

D) has become more common due to increase in D) will soon be replaced by more innovative
donations procedures

E) is more successful when the donor is a family E) is the only option for people with aggressive
member cystic fibrosis

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28 ŞUBAT 2021 YÖKDİL SINAVI

SAĞLIK BİLİMLERİ ALANI CEVAP ANAHTARI

1)C 2) C 3) E 4) D 5) B 6) C 7) B 8) C 9) C 10) C

11) E 12) C 13) A 14) E 15) A 16) B 17) A 18) B 19) B 20) C

21) C 22) D 23) C 24) D 25) E 26) A 27) E 28) A 29) C 30) D

31) B 32) D 33) E 34) D 35) E 36) C 37) B 38) C 39) A 40) B

41) A 42) C 43) C 44) E 45) A 46) C 47) C 48) B 49) D 50) C

51) E 52) E 53) E 54) D 55) C 56) A 57) A 58) A 59) E 60) D

61) B 62) C 63) C 64) E 65) A 66) C 67) B 68) C 69) A 70) A

71) A 72) D 73) C 74) A 75) A 76) D 77) A 78) A 79) B 80) B

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