Ks3 Science Revision
Ks3 Science Revision
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
Worksheets 38-63 – Attainment target 3. Materials and their properties.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
Worksheets 64-90 – Attainment target 4. Physical processes.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.1. Life processes. Name ………………………………………
All plants and animals carry out seven processes in order to stay alive. The table
below shows these seven LIFE PROCESSES.
Movement This is easier to see in animals than in plants. Plants move very slowly as
they grow.
Nutrition Plants make their own food by PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Animals must feed
on plants or other animals.
Use the name MRS GREN as an easy way to remember all 7 life processes.
Exercise 2 - A motor car moves but it is not living. Complete the two lists below to show
which processes it does and does not show.
movement growth
………………………… …………………………
…………………………
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.2. Plant and animal organs. Name ………………………………………
In the human body many cells of the same .................... join together to
form TISSUES. These tissues then join together to form .................... An
organ is a part of the .................... that has one or more important
..................… to carry out. All of the organs work together to keep the
body ................... The bodies of most animals and .................... are made up
of many organs. Several organs working together on one large task is
called a .................... For example, in the human body the mouth, gullet,
stomach and .......................... make up the digestive system.
Descriptions
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.3. Animal and plant cells. Name ………………………………………
The bodies of all plants and …………………… are made up of tiny living units
called ……………… Some microscopic organisms consist of only a …………………
cell but the bodies of most plants and animals are made up of ……………………
of cells. There are many different ………………… of plant and animal cells.
The diagrams below show the ………………… that they usually contain.
Plant cell
Animal cell
cell wall
vacuole
nucleus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
chloroplast
Cell wall jelly that fills the cell, chemical reactions happen here.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.4. Different cells for different jobs. Name ……………………………
Nearly all cells contain a membrane, ………………… and cytoplasm. There are
many ……………………… types of cells. They vary in their shape and …………………
depending on their functions (jobs). Each type of cell is well ………………………
(suited) to its function. In the human ………………… there are about twenty
different types of cell, each has a certain ……………… to do. This makes the
body work much …………………… than if each cell was trying to do everything.
Ciliated cell
This cell is found lining the windpipe.
Its surface is covered with tiny hairs
called cilia. These waft dirt and germs
up to the throat.
Palisade cell
This cell is found on the top side of a
leaf. It contains tiny green discs called
chloroplasts. These absorb sunlight in
order to make food.
Sperm cell
It uses its tail to swim to the ovum.
The head contains the nucleus which
enters the ovum during fertilisation.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.5. A balanced diet. Name ………………………………………
In order to stay ........................ the body needs seven main chemicals which
are called food .................... These are carbohydrates, proteins, ..................,
minerals, vitamins, fibre and water. A balanced diet contains the
.................... amounts of all seven food types. Carbohydrates are sugars
and .................... Carbohydrates give us energy quickly. Fats also give us
.................... but they release it much more slowly. Stored fat under the
skin also helps us to keep .................... We need ..................... to help us grow
and to repair damaged parts. Minerals and ............................ are needed in
smaller amounts to keep the body healthy. Fibre helps to keep the food
moving along the ..........................
intestines types fats warm correct protein starch healthy energy vitamins
Fat Vegetable oils, butter, lard, cream, cheese and some meats.
Minerals A wide range of foods, e.g. iron from meat and calcium from milk.
Exercise 2 – Write down the main FOOD TYPES that each of the foods below contain.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.6. Food and digestion. Name ………………………………………
The body needs food for a number of reasons. We need food for growth
and to …………………… worn out or damaged parts. We also get ……………………
from food. Energy is used for movement, producing ……………… and to keep
all of the parts working properly. Before the body ………………… can use the
food we eat it must pass into the blood. The food is broken down into
very small soluble molecules by the ……………………… system. These molecules
then pass through the walls of the ………………………… and into the blood.
Exercise 2 - Study the diagram below of the human digestive system and then carefully
add the labels by choosing from the list at the bottom of this page
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.7. Stages of digestion. Name ………………………………………
Food is slowly broken down by our digestive system. It is broken up by chewing in the
mouth and by churning of the stomach muscles. Special chemicals called ENZYMES
break up large food molecules into smaller ones. These molecules then slowly seep out
into the blood through tiny pores in the walls of the small intestines. Any undigested
food enters the large intestine where water is absorbed back into the blood. The
solid waste is then passed out of the body.
What to do
This table gives descriptions of organs in the human digestive system. Read each description and then
write down the name of each organ in the left hand column. Use the words at the bottom of this page.
Organ Description
Here the food is chewed and moistened with saliva. The food is shaped
into a round ball before it is swallowed.
This is a bag that churns up the food. It contains gastric juice and
hydrochloric acid. Gastric juice contains an enzyme that digests protein.
The acid kills germs.
This is a very long tube that the food passes into after it leaves the
stomach. Here the food is completely digested and then it is absorbed
through the walls and into the blood stream.
This organ makes a chemical called BILE which is stored in a small bag
called the GALL BLADDER. The bile is squeezed into the small intestine
where it helps to break up large pieces of fat.
This is a wide tube that the undigested food passes through. Water is
absorbed from this back into the body.
This organ has no function in humans but it helps with digestion of plant
material in herbivores such as sheep. It sometimes becomes infected in
humans and then it must be removed.
The dried out waste food material is stored here until it is ready to be
passed out of the body through the anus.
Organs.
liver small intestine gullet pancreas stomach large intestine appendix
mouth rectum.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.8. Blood. Name ………………………………………
The blood transports (carries) substances around the body. The table
below shows what the blood is made of and what each part does.
RED CELLS
They do not have a nucleus and there are lots of them.
They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells.
WHITE CELLS
They do have a nucleus.
They fight against germs that enter the blood.
PLATELETS
These are small pieces of cells.
They do not have a nucleus.
They help blood to clot if the skin is cut.
Blood is made of a pale yellow liquid called .................... and two different
types of blood cell, white blood cells and ................. blood cells. Most of
the chemicals in the blood are ......................... in the plasma. .................... is
carried by the red blood cells. The white blood cells help to destroy any
.................... (bacteria and viruses) which may enter the body. There are
also tiny pieces of cells in the blood called .......................... These help to
clot the blood if the skin is .................. If we could not make .................... we
would be in danger of bleeding to death from even the smallest of cuts.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.9. The blood system. Name ………………………………………
The heart pumps the blood around the body. It travels inside tubes
called blood vessels. Look at the diagram below and then try to complete
the sentences at the bottom of this page.
Lungs
Body
1) The blood travels around the body inside tubes called blood ………………..
2) The three types of blood vessel are arteries, ……………….. and capillaries.
3) The heart is a ……………….. that squeezes blood into the arteries.
4) The veins carry the blood back to the ………………..
5) The capillaries have very thin ………………..
6) The capillaries give useful chemicals to the body ………………..
7) The capillaries take ……………….. chemicals away from the body cells.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.10. Moving the body. Name ………………………………………
In order to move the skeleton has JOINTS in between many of its parts.
The movements are made by muscles which pull on the bones. Muscles
CONTRACT (shorten) in order to pull. A muscle is made up of many thin
fibres. Each fibre shortens when the muscle contracts.
Tendon Fibre
s
A muscle cannot push, it can only pull. This is why a pair of muscles are
needed at a joint. One muscle pulls the joint in one direction and the
other pulls the joint back.
radius humerus
Triceps muscle
Triceps muscle
contracts
ulna relaxes
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.11. Growing up. Name ………………………………………
Puberty is the time when a child begins to change into an adult. In boys it begins
between the ages of about 12-14 years. In girls it begins between the ages of about
11-13 years. Special chemicals called SEX HORMONES are released into the blood.
These chemicals cause many of the changes that happen in the body. Emotional
changes also happen at this time.
1) The testes begin to make sperms. 1) The ovaries begin to produce ova.
2) A hormone called TESTOSTERONE is 2) A hormone called OESTROGEN is
produced by the testes. produced by the ovaries.
3) The voice becomes deeper. 3) The monthly menstrual cycle starts.
4) Hair grows on the face and body. 4) Hair grows on parts of the body.
5) The body becomes more muscular. 5) The hips widen.
6) Changes in attitude and behaviour. 6) The breasts begin to develop.
All ……………………… eventually grow up to be men and women. The time when
the body is changing is called ……………………… Changes happen all over the
……………………… Emotional changes also happen at puberty and we feel
………………………… to the opposite sex. A ……………………… called testosterone is
made by the testes in a boy and this causes some of the ……………………… in
his body. In a girl the ovaries make a hormone called ……………………………
which causes many of the changes in her body.
Exercise 2 - In the table below there is a list of changes which happen at puberty. Tick
the right hand columns to show which changes happen to boys, girls or both.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.12. The human reproductive system. Name ………………………………
The diagrams below show the male and female reproductive systems.
glands
sperm duct
urethra
epididymis
testis
scrotum
penis
oviduct
funnel
(fallopian tube)
ovary
developing ovum
uterus (womb)
uterus wall
vagina
In the man the testes make the ……………… cells. The sperms are stored in a
coiled …………… called the epididymis. The ………………… becomes erect during
sexual intercourse. The sperms are carried through a long tube called the
sperm …………… to the top of the penis. Here glands make fluids that help
the sperms to …………… The urethra is a tube that carries sperms and
……………… out of the body.
In the woman the ovaries make the ……………… (egg cells). One ovum is
produced every ……………… The ovum is carried along the ……………… (fallopian
tubes) down to the uterus (womb). The placenta grows in the uterus wall
during pregnancy. This gives the developing baby ……………… and oxygen.
duct urine ova food sperm tube month swim oviducts penis
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.13. The menstrual cycle. Name ………………………………………
Once every month a woman’s body releases an ovum (egg cell) into the
oviduct (fallopian tubes). Usually the ovum is not fertilised and it dies.
The woman has her period when the lining of the uterus breaks down and
blood and dead cells pass out through the vagina. The diagram below
shows what happens during a woman’s monthly cycle.
2
During the week after
ovulation the lining of the
uterus becomes thicker as
many blood capillaries grow in
it. This prepares the uterus to
feed the fertilised ovum.
1 3
During the first 2 weeks the ovum If the ovum is not fertilised the thick
develops inside the ovary and the uterus lining breaks down about 14 days
uterus lining repairs itself. On about after ovulation. Blood and dead cells pass
day 14 OVULATION happens. out through the vagina.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.14. Ovulation and fertilisation. Name ………………………………………
Every month an ovum (egg cell) is released from an ovary into the oviduct.
This is called OVULATION. If there are sperm cells in the oviduct the
ovum may join with one of them. This is called FERTILISATION. The
fertilised ovum then travels down to the uterus where it grows into a
baby. The diagram below shows what happens to the ovum after it is
released from the ovary if it is fertilised.
Sperms swim up
1 the oviducts.
OVULATION
ovary
4 The egg divides further
into a ball of cells and
implants into the lining of
Developing ova. the uterus.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.15. The developing baby. Name ………………………………………
When the baby starts to grow inside the uterus it is called an EMBRYO.
By the time it reaches 9 weeks old it looks like a tiny human being and it
is then called a FOETUS. The PLACENTA is a special organ that develops
in the wall of the uterus. It gives the baby food and oxygen. The placenta
also removes waste chemicals such as carbon dioxide and urea from the
baby. The baby is attached to the placenta by the UMBILICAL CORD.
This contains blood vessels that carry chemicals to and from the baby.
The diagram below shows how this happens.
Mother’s blood carrying
food and oxygen. umbilical cord Foetal blood is carrying
waste chemicals. It
needs food and oxygen.
placenta
amnion
uterus lining
Our lungs absorb oxygen from the air. They also excrete waste carbon
dioxide gas when we breathe out. The diagram below shows the structure
of the lungs.
right bronchus
alveoli
left lung
(air sacs)
bronchiole
The lungs absorb …………………… gas and excrete waste carbon dioxide. The
air is drawn in through the …………………… (windpipe) which is kept open at
all times by rings of a bony material called ………………………… The trachea
divides into the right and left ……………………… which branch out into
narrower tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in tiny air sacs
called …………………… The alveoli have very thin walls and are surrounded by
……………………… Here oxygen is absorbed into the …………………… and carbon
dioxide passes into the alveoli.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.17. Breathing (2). Name ………………………………………
The lungs are in the chest. They are separated from the lower part of
the body by a sheet of muscle called the diaphragm. The diagrams below
show how we inhale (breathe in) and exhale (breathe out).
Air is drawn
into the lungs.
Inhaling (breathing in).
ribs
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.18. Keeping the lungs clean. Name ………………………………………
Your nose, trachea (wind pipe) and the air tubes inside the lungs are lined
with special cleaning cells and a thick, sticky liquid called MUCUS. This
traps dirt and germs in the air you breathe. The cleaning cells have tiny
hairs called CILIA on their surface. These hairs waft the dirty mucus up
to your throat where it is swallowed. Any germs are killed by the acid in
the stomach. The diagram below shows how this cleaning system works.
Magnified section of trachea. Flow of mucus and
trapped germs.
ciliated cell
mucus cell
dirty mucus
cilia
lungs
The effects of smoking on the lungs.
Cigarette smoke stops the cilia beating and then dirty mucus builds up in
the air tubes. This can lead to chest infections and people who smoke
often develop a nasty cough. The air tubes can become swollen and sore.
This is called BRONCHITIS. Cigarette smoke also contains a poisonous
gas called carbon monoxide which stops the blood carrying as much
oxygen around the body. Cigarette smoke also contains tar which collects
in the lungs. Tar contains many chemicals that cause cancer.
3) Any germs that are swallowed are killed by the A _ _ _ in the stomach.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.19. Respiration. Name ………………………………………
We need energy for movement, warmth and to keep all of the body parts
working. We get our energy by reacting glucose and oxygen together in
our cells. This chemical reaction is called RESPIRATION and it can be
shown with a word equation.
Energy
Food
7) If plants did not make _ _ _ _ _ _ gas we would soon use it all up.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.20. Drugs and health. Name ………………………………………
Drugs affect the way the body works. Some drugs are used by doctors to treat sick
people. These can be very useful but they must be taken in the correct amounts. It is
illegal (against the law) to take certain drugs because they are so dangerous to
health. Even legal drugs such as alcohol can be very harmful if too much is taken.
Some drugs are ADDICTIVE. This means that a person can become dependent on
them and if they do not have the drug they may develop WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS
such as shaking and sickness. The table below gives information about the effects of
various drugs on health.
Some people like to breathe in the fumes from substances such as glue
and paint (glue sniffing). This makes them feel dizzy and they may have
Solvents hallucinations. The fumes get into the blood and damage the heart. Many
people have died as a result of breathing in solvents.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.21. Germs and health. Name ………………………………………
Germs are MICROBES that can live inside our bodies. The two main types
of germ are BACTERIA and VIRUSES. Only some types of bacteria are
germs. They cause us harm by attacking our cells or by producing waste
poisonous chemicals. Viruses are much smaller than bacteria and they
can only exist inside living cells. A virus injects its DNA (instructions)
into a cell. The virus DNA tells the cell to make more viruses. The cell
then bursts open to release the new viruses.
A typical bacterium Types of bacteria
cell wall
A typical virus
outer coat
There are huge numbers of microbes in the air, soil and water. Some of
these are germs. Therefore our bodies need a defence system. The skin
helps to stop germs entering the body. The breathing system is lined
with a sticky liquid called mucus which traps the dirt and germs that we
breathe in. Tiny hairs called CILIA gradually waft the dirty mucus up to
the throat where it is swallowed. The germs are then killed by
hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Germs sometimes get into the
bloodstream through wounds. If this happens white blood cells attack
them. The diagrams below show how they do this.
Most microbes are ............................ but some are germs that can live
inside our bodies. The body needs to ......................... itself from invading
germs. The ......................... forms a barrier that stops germs getting into
the body. Any germs that are ............................ in are trapped by sticky
mucus in the nose, ......................... and lungs. Eventually dirty mucus is
............................ and the hydrochloric acid inside the ..........................
destroys the germs. The two types of white blood cell that kill germs are
............................... and lymphocytes. Phagocytes .................. germs and
lymphocytes make ...............................
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.23. Photosynthesis. Name ………………………………………
Animals feed on plants or other animals but most plants make their own
food by using light energy and simple chemicals. This process is called
PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Water and carbon dioxide molecules are joined
together to make GLUCOSE sugar and waste oxygen gas. This happens in
the leaf cells inside tiny discs called CHLOROPLASTS. The chloroplasts
contain a green chemical called CHLOROPHYLL which absorbs light
energy. The diagram below shows this process.
oxygen
water
The glucose sugar that is made may be changed into other useful
chemicals for growth or storage. The plant also uses glucose as a fuel in
RESPIRATION to release energy when it is needed in the cells.
Respiration is the opposite process of photosynthesis :
vacuole
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.25. Classification. Name ………………………………………
All of the millions of species (types) of living things can be sorted into
groups. This is called CLASSIFICATION. They are sorted into groups
that have features in common.
FUNGI
They do not contain the green chemical pin mould
chlorophyll and so do not make their
mushroom
own food. Most feed on dead material
and reproduce with tiny spores.
ALGAE
They live in water and have no roots or seaweed
leaves. They make their own food and
can be green, brown or red.
CONIFERS
They are trees with tough, needle- needle
cone
shaped leaves. They do not have
flowers and reproduce with cones.
Classification means sorting living things into ………………… Living things can
be sorted into groups that have ………………………… in common. Fungi are
unusual plants because they do not contain green ………………………… Algae
have no …………………… or leaves. Fungi, mosses and ferns produce tiny
………………… for reproduction and conifers produce ……………………
Flowers contain sex organs which produce seeds for reproduction. The
male sex cells are inside the pollen grains. The female sex cells are called
OVULES. Pollen grains are carried from one flower to another by insects
or wind. This is called POLLINATION. The sex cells then join together.
This is called FERTILISATION. The fertilised ovules develop into seeds.
When the flower dies the seeds are left inside a FRUIT. Fruits help to
DISPERSE (spread out) the seeds. Three types of fruit are shown below.
Sycamore seeds have wings. Burdock seeds have hooks Blackberries are juicy but
They are dispersed by wind. that catch onto animals fur. the seeds do not digest.
Fertilisation is when the male and female sex cells ...................... The
fertilised ...................... then develop into seeds. When the flower dies a
...................... is left behind. Fruits help to .......................... the seeds.
insects join pollen seeds ovules scented coloured nectar fruit disperse
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.27. Animals without backbones (1). Name …………………………………
All animals can be sorted into two main groups. VERTEBRATES have a
backbone and INVERTEBRATES do not. Read the information below
about the groups of invertebrates with soft bodies.
FLATWORMS
They have a long, flat body. Some live
in freshwater. Some are parasites
that live inside other animals.
flatworm tapeworm
SEGMENTED WORMS
They have a long body divided by
rings into segments. Most of them
live in water or soil.
earthworm leech
MOLLUSCS
They often have a shell for
protection. Most of them live in
water. Some have tentacles.
snail squid
ARTHROPODS are invertebrates with a hard outer coating. They all have
a segmented body with jointed legs. This is a very large group and it can
be divided into the smaller groups shown below.
INSECTS
They have three parts to the body and
six legs. The adults usually have four
wings and a pair of antennae.
beetle wasp
SPIDERS AND SCORPIONS
They have two parts to the body and
eight legs. Spiders usually spin a web of
silk and have poisonous fangs. Scorpions
have a sting at the end of their tails.
spider scorpion
CRUSTACEANS
Most of them live in water. They usually
have a thick, hard coating. They have
many legs and two pairs of antennae.
crab shrimp
2) A fly is an _ _ _ _ _ _
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.29. Animals with backbones. Name ………………………………………
VERTEBRATES have a backbone and an inside skeleton. Read the information below
about the groups of vertebrates.
FISH
They live in water and have gills for
breathing. They are covered with
scales and have fins for swimming.
shark stickleback
AMPHIBIANS
The tadpole (young) lives in water
and has gills for breathing. The adult
lives on land and has lungs. They
have a damp skin without scales.
frog newt
REPTILES
They have a dry, scaly, waterproof
skin. Their eggs have a tough
leathery shell and are laid on land.
lizard snake
BIRDS
They are covered with feathers and
have wings for flying. Their eggs
have a hard shell. They have a beak
for feeding. Their bodies are warm
because they make heat inside.
blue tit sparrowhawk
MAMMALS
They have hair and a warm body. The
young develop inside the mother’s
body. After they are born the young
feed on milk from the mother’s body.
Humans belong to this group.
wolf horse
Fish live in water and have ………………… for breathing. Both fish and
…………………… have a scaly skin. The young of ……………………………… live in water
but the adults live on land. Amphibians have a ……………… skin. Both reptiles
and ………………… lay eggs on land. Birds are covered with ………………………… and
have …………………… for flying. Birds and …………………………… have a warm body.
Mammals have ……………… and feed their young on ………………
amphibians gills reptiles birds hair milk wings damp feathers mammals
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.30. Variation. Name ………………………………………
All animals and plants are different from each other. Even members of the same
species (type) show small differences and no two humans are exactly alike. This is
called VARIATION. Some features that vary which are easy to study in humans are
height, mass, hair colour, eye colour and shoe size. CONTINUOUS VARIATION is
when a feature shows many different types eg. height. DISCONTINUOUS
VARIATION is when a feature only shows a few different types eg. human blood
groups and whether a person can roll their tongue or not.
Variation is caused partly by different GENES (instructions) that individuals inherit
from their parents and partly by different ENVIRONMENTS (surroundings) that
individuals live in :
Scientists think that in nature all plants and animals have slowly changed
over millions of years. This is called EVOLUTION. Those that are the best
adapted to their environments (surroundings) have a better chance of
surviving and passing on their features. Therefore nature is selecting
which ones survive and breed. This idea is called NATURAL SELECTION.
The place where a plant or animal lives is called its HABITAT. All species have special
features called ADAPTATIONS which help them to survive in their habitats. For
example a polar bear has a thick coat of fur to protect it from the cold and a camel
can store large amounts of water in its stomach. The table below shows some of the
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS that are important for survival.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.33. Changing habitats. Name ………………………………………
The conditions in a habitat are always changing from day to night and from one
season to the next. Light and temperature increase after sunrise and usually reach a
peak at midday. In dry deserts the days are very hot but the nights are cold.
Lizards and snakes need to absorb heat from their surroundings to keep their
bodies working quickly.
Early morning the lizard basks Later in the morning At midday the temperature
in the sun to warm its body so the lizard is very active in the desert is too high and
that it can move more quickly. and hunts for food. the lizard hides in the shade.
The lizard’s behaviour is an adaptation to help it to survive. Many desert animals are
NOCTURNAL (only active at night) when it is cooler.
The British winter is very cold and there is little food. Many animals grow a thicker
fur coat to reduce heat loss. Some animals HIBERNATE. This is like a deep sleep. The
body temperature falls and the heart and breathing almost stop. The body needs less
energy and the animal can use its stored fat reserves over the winter.
Many birds MIGRATE during the winter months. This means that they fly to warmer
countries where they can find enough food.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.34. Food chains. Name ………………………………………
FOX
WOODMOUSE
GRASS
Pyramids of numbers are usually large at the bottom and small at the top.
Sometimes they have a different shape because of the different sizes of the
organisms in them. Two examples of this are shown below.
FLEAS
GREENFLY ZEBRA
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.35. Food webs. Name ………………………………………
Food chains can be connected together to make FOOD WEBS. The diagram below
shows a food web in a lake.
4) The animal that only eats dead tree leaves is the ______________
Farmers often spray their crops with PESTICIDES to kill pests such as
insects and weeds. Pesticides may stay in the environment (surroundings)
a long time and poison animals higher up the food chains. Pesticides can
also be washed into streams and ponds. The diagram below shows how
pesticides can build up along food chains.
One hawk
eats many
small birds.
If the pesticide is passed on from the caterpillars into small birds and
then into the hawk we can see how it would quickly build up in the hawk’s
body. Scientists are now trying to make pesticides that only affect the
pest and break down a short time after they have been used. They are
also trying to find other ways of controlling pests by using their natural
enemies. This is called BIOLOGICAL CONTROL.
A population is a number of organisms of the same species (type) living in one place.
For example there may be a population of one thousand tadpoles living in a pond, or a
population of five hundred oak trees in a wood. The graph below shows how a
population of rabbits grew when scientists placed one hundred of them onto an island
where rabbits had never lived before.
400
300
Number of rabbits
200
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (years)
The population grew slowly at first as the rabbits were getting used to their new
habitat. The population then grew very quickly as the rabbits had plenty of food and
space and they were reproducing. The growth rate of the population then slowed
down until it reached a fairly steady level of about 260 rabbits. At this point
competition between the rabbits for food and space had increased and predators
were finding and killing the rabbits more easily. When the balance between the
number of births and deaths becomes equal the population stops growing.
size greater prey population deaths killed grow survive food die
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.38. Solids, liquids and gases. Name ………………………………………
Everything is made up of particles that are too small to see. The three
states of matter are SOLID, LIQUID and GAS. They all have different
properties due to the arrangement and movement of their particles.
Solids.
The particles are held tightly together by strong
forces. They make small vibrations but they stay
in place. This gives solids a definite shape and
volume. Solids are DENSE (heavy) and they can
not be compressed (squashed) easily because the
particles are already packed closely together.
Liquids.
A liquid can flow because the particles can move
past each other. The particles are still held
closely together by strong forces. Liquids are
DENSE and they can not be compressed easily. A
liquid can change its shape but not its volume.
Gases.
There are only very weak forces between the
particles which are far apart. The particles move
around very quickly and bounce off each other.
Gases have a low density (they are very light)
and they do not have a definite shape or volume.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.39. Changes of state. Name ………………………………………
When a solid is heated it changes into a liquid state and then a gas state.
When a gas is cooled it changes back into a liquid and then into a solid.
The diagrams below show this using water as an example.
heat heat
Exercise – Join up the words in the left-hand column with their meanings in the right-hand column.
All of the elements have been arranged into the PERIODIC TABLE. This contains
seven rows of elements called PERIODS. These are arranged so that each column
contains elements with similar properties. The table shows the symbol and ATOMIC
NUMBER (number of protons) for every element.
Period 0
Group Group
1 H He
1 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 2
Li Be B C N O F Ne
2 3 4 magnetic metals 5 6 7 8 9 10
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
3 11 12 transition metals 13 14 15 16 17 18
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
4 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
5 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
6 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Fr Ra Ac
7 87 88 89
This line divides The HALOGENS are The NOBLE
the metals from the most reactive GASES are
The most the non-metals. non-metals. very unreactive.
reactive metals.
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Each group in the periodic table contains elements that have similar
……………………… The atomic number gives the number of ……………………… that
an element contains. The lightest element is ……………………… (H) which has
an atomic number of one. The atomic number of ……………………… is eight.
Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are two very ……………………… metals. Iron
(Fe) and nickel (Ni) are two of the ……………………… metals. The most
reactive non-metals are called the ……………………… The ……………………… gases
are very unreactive. Magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) are both in group
…………………… of the periodic table. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are
both in group …………………… of the periodic table.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.42. Compounds. Name ………………………………………
Exercise 1 – Fill in the missing words or symbols for the chemical reactions below.
Coal burning
Hydrogen exploding
lighted
splint
HYDROGEN + ………………… WATER + HEAT
Making salt
gas jar
Exercise 2 – For each of the changes below write down if it is a physical or chemical change.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.43. Separating mixtures. Name ………………………………………
thermometer
Chromatography.
In the diagram the colours in pen ink
are being separated. As water rises up
glass rod
filter paper the ......................... it takes the colours
paper clip with it. Different colours travel at
ink spot different ........................ If the ink
water contains more than one colour they will
separate out along the paper.
Exercise 2 – Join up each mixture below with the correct method for separating it.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.44. Metals and non-metals. Name ………………………………………
The elements can be divided into two main groups which are METALS and
NON-METALS. The table below shows the properties of each group.
Metals Non-metals
Most are shiny solids at room temperature They vary in their properties. They usually
although mercury is a liquid. They usually have low melting points and many are gases at
have high melting points. room temperature.
A few are magnetic (iron, cobalt and nickel). None are magnetic.
They are often flexible (bendy) and can be They are often brittle (hard but break
hammered into shape. easily).
Exercise 1 – For each diagram below write down if the element is a metal or a non-metal.
lid
gas jar
iron nail Bromine liquid easily
changes into a gas and
magnet
diffuses upwards.
cell cell
crocodile clip
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.45. Changes of state. Name ………………………………………
The three states of matter are SOLID, LIQUID and GAS. One state can change into
another. The diagram below shows this.
When a solid changes to a liquid, or a liquid changes to a gas, heat is absorbed. This is
because the particles that make up the substance need more energy to move faster
and overcome the forces that hold them together. When a gas changes to a liquid, or
a liquid changes to a solid, heat is given out. This is because the particles lose energy
as they slow down. The substance still keeps the SAME MASS because it still
contains the SAME NUMBER OF PARTICLES.
Exercise – Use the information in the table below to help you complete the sentences at
the bottom of this page.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.46. Solubility. Name ………………………………………
heat
1) If you keep adding sugar to cold water you reach a point where no more
sugar will _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.47. Expansion. Name ………………………………………
If a metal bar is heated up it EXPANDS (gets bigger) slightly. This happens because
the metal particles gain more energy and vibrate more.
Overhead wires shorten in cold weather Rivets hold metal plates tightly together.
and could snap.
Very hot rivet is
hammered flat.
Slack is left
in the wires. It cools down
and contracts to
pull tightly.
Most materials …………………… when they are heated and …………………… when
they are cooled. This is because their particles …………………… more when
hot and so move further …………………… In hot weather a metal bridge could
expand and …………………… To stop this from happening it is held on rollers.
Overhead wires could contract and …………………… in cold weather. To stop
this from happening they are given slack when they are put up. Mercury
is a liquid metal that is used inside a …………………………… When it is put in a
warmer place the mercury expands and moves up the ……………………
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.48. Rocks and weathering. Name ………………………………………
Rain
Wind
In a desert it is very hot during the day and very cold at night.
Constant expansion and contraction of rocks causes them to break up.
Freezing of water.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.49. The rock cycle. Name ………………………………………
Over millions of years rocks slowly change from one type into another. This is called
the ROCK CYCLE. The diagram below shows how it happens.
volcanic eruptions
WEATHERING
Igneous rock
cooling
Small particles of rock (sediments)
are TRANSPORTED by rivers.
sea
melting
Sedimentary rock
Metamorphic rock
Movement of plates causes
heat and pressure.
Rocks can be divided into three main types depending on how they were formed. Read
the information below about the three types of rock.
Igneous rocks.
These are formed when molten magma
cools down and becomes solid. They are large crystals very small crystals
made of tiny crystals. If the magma cools
quickly on the surface of the Earth then
the crystals are small. If the magma cools
slowly, deeper in the Earth’s crust, then
the crystals are larger. Igneous rocks are granite basalt
very hard.
Sedimentary rocks.
These are made from layers of SEDIMENT shells of tiny
sand grains sea creatures
(small particles) on the bottom of rivers or
seas. The sediments are compressed as
more layers build up on top of them. The
particles then become cemented together
to form solid rocks. The layers of rock are
called STRATA. Sedimentary rocks have a sandstone limestone
grainy structure and they easily crumble.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.51. Chemical reactions. Name ………………………………………
All of the different materials around us have been formed by chemical reactions
from about one hundred simple elements. The diagram below shows a chemical
reaction between the elements iron and sulphur.
magnet
The new substance formed is a compound called iron sulphide. It has different
properties to the iron and sulphur that it is made from.
Exercise 2 – Join up each word in the left hand column with its meaning on the right.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.52. Types of chemical reaction. Name ………………………………………
Synthesis
Two or more substances join together to make a single new substance. For example
when iron and sulphur are heated together :
heat
IRON + SULPHUR IRON SULPHIDE
Decomposition
A substance breaks down into simpler substances. For example, if calcium carbonate
(limestone) is heated to a very high temperature :
heat
CALCIUM CARBONATE CALCIUM OXIDE + CARBON DIOXIDE
Oxidation
A substance gains oxygen during a chemical reaction. The substance that gains the
oxygen is OXIDISED. For example, if copper is heated in air :
heat
COPPER + OXYGEN COPPER OXIDE
Exercise 2 – For each diagram below write down the type of chemical reaction it shows.
Brown gas
given off.
crystals
chlorine
gas
powder left
heat behind
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.53. Burning. Name ………………………………………
FUELS can be burnt to release useful energy. They burn more strongly in
pure oxygen. If a smouldering wooden splint is placed into a jar that
contains oxygen it will relight. This is a test for oxygen gas.
5) The three things needed for a fire are oxygen, F _ _ _ and heat.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.54. Products from chemical reactions. Name ………………………………
Most of the materials that we use every day have been made by chemical reactions.
Some of the most common products are made from two important raw materials,
METAL ORES and CRUDE OIL.
Metal ores.
Most metals exist as compounds called ORES inside rocks. Ores must be reacted with
other chemicals to extract the metals that they contain. The more reactive the metal
is, the more difficult it is to release from its ore. If a metal is less reactive than
carbon it can be extracted by heating its ore with coke in a furnace. For example
HAEMATITE (iron ore) contains iron oxide :
+
IRON OXIDE CARBON IRON
Crude oil.
Natural oil from the ground is called CRUDE OIL. It contains a mixture of substances
that can be changed into many useful products.
PLASTICS
DETERGENTS
5) N _ _ _ _ is a synthetic fibre.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.55. Harmful chemical reactions. Name ………………………………………
Some chemical reactions are harmful because they destroy our products.
Corrosion of metals.
Metals may be attacked by air, water or other substances around them. Usually the
more reactive the metal is, the faster it corrodes. The corrosion of iron and steel is
called RUSTING. The experiment below shows that both air and water are needed
for rusting to happen.
oil to keep
out the air
rust
iron nail
water
calcium chloride
to dry the air
In dry air the iron In water without air the In air and water the
nail does not rust. iron nail does not rust. iron nail rusts.
To stop rusting metals can be coated with a substance that keeps out air and water.
Paint, grease, plastic, or a thin layer of tin or zinc can be used.
Oxidation of foods.
Some foods react with oxygen gas in the air. This makes them taste unpleasant. Fat
can be oxidised quickly, therefore fatty foods such as butter should be kept in a
fridge to slow down the rate of oxidation. Another way of stopping oxidation is to
keep air away from the food by using sealed packets or tins.
The corrosion of iron and steel is called ……………………. Iron will only rust if
it is exposed to both air and ……………………. We can stop rusting by
……………………. the metal with a substance that keeps out ……………... and
water. This is why motor cars are given several layers of …………………….
Some foods are ……………………. when exposed to air. This gives them an
unpleasant ……………………. Keeping foods ……………………. will slow down the
rate of oxidation. Another way of stopping ……………………. is to make sure
that the food does not come into contact with air.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.56. Energy from chemical reactions. Name ………………………………
Heat may be taken in or given out during a reaction. Sound, light, movement or
electrical energy may also be produced. When fuels are burnt they give out heat and
light energy. Explosive fuels give out movement and sound energy as well. The
chemical reaction that takes place inside a torch battery gives out electrical energy.
coal
Wood can be burnt as a fuel. Fossil fuels form over millions of years.
The heat energy can be used to keep our houses warm and to cook food. It can also
be changed into movement energy to drive engines.
2) When fuels are burnt they give out heat and L _ _ _ _ energy.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.57. Reactivity of metals. Name ………………………………………
We can arrange the metals in order of most to least reactive. The three tests below
are used to judge how reactive different metals are :
acid
oxygen hydrogen
gas
water trough
most reactive
Metal Reaction with oxygen Reaction with water Reaction with acid
Potassium Burns strongly with a Very fierce and ignites Too dangerous to
lilac flame. (catches fire). perform.
Sodium Burns strongly with a Fierce but it does not Too dangerous to
yellow flame. ignite. perform.
Magnesium Burns with a blinding Very slow reaction but Very fast reaction that
white flame. it reacts with steam. produces hydrogen gas.
Zinc Burns slowly with a dull Reacts slowly with Quite a slow reaction.
red flame. steam. Some hydrogen produced.
Iron Does not burn but it Very slow reaction with Very slow reaction.
glows brightly. steam.
Lead Melts but does not burn. No reaction. Extremely slow.
least reactive
Exercise – Complete the sentences below.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.58. Displacement reactions. Name ………………………………………
If two metals are put together the more reactive metal will ‘win’ any competition to
form a compound. The experiment below shows a reaction between an iron nail and
copper sulphate solution.
Iron and copper compete to be the compound in the solution. Iron is more reactive
and so it DISPLACES (pushes out) the copper in the solution.
A metal will always displace a less reactive metal from solutions of its
compounds.
Exercise 1 – Study the experiment below and then try to complete the missing words.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.59. Acids and alkalis. Name ………………………………………
Acids are CORROSIVE (eat into materials). They react with some metals to form
hydrogen gas and a salt. Acids have a sour taste, and many are poisonous. A purple
dye called LITMUS changes to a red colour in acids.
Alkalis are the chemical opposites of acids, but some of them are also very corrosive.
They dissolve in water and often have a soapy feel. Alkalis turn litmus blue and they
can be used to NEUTRALISE (cancel out) acids. A NEUTRAL solution is neither acid
or alkali.
Acids Alkalis
STRONG WEAK STRONG WEAK
These are the poisonous ethanoic acid in vinegar sodium hydroxide soap
mineral acids:
citric acid in fruit juices oven cleaner sodium bicarbonate
- hydrochloric acid (baking powder)
- sulphuric acid carbonic acid in soda water washing powder
pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
N
STRONG ACIDS WEAK ACIDS E WEAK ALKALIS STRONG ALKALIS
U
T
R
Acids becoming stronger A Alkalis becoming stronger
L
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.60. Acids and metals. Name ………………………………………
Metals that are more reactive than copper will react with acids to form hydrogen gas
and a salt.
The more reactive the metal is, the faster the reaction will be. The experiment below
shows the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium.
unreacted
magnesium water evaporates off
hydrochloric acid
salt
hydrogen gas
magnesium ribbon heat
Exercise – Complete the missing words in the sentences and equations below.
5) Hydrogen is an E _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ gas.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.61. Acids and bases. Name ………………………………………
Bases can neutralise (cancel out) acids. Bases that dissolve in water are called alkalis.
A base reacts with an acid to form a salt and water :
For example, if sodium hydroxide, which is a very strong alkali, is reacted with
hydrochloric acid then sodium chloride (common salt) is formed.
The experiment below shows the reaction between calcium carbonate (marble chips)
and hydrochloric acid.
unreacted
marble chips water evaporates off
hydrochloric acid
salt
carbon dioxide
marble chips heat
Exercise – Complete the missing words in the sentences and equations below.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.62. Neutralisation. Name ………………………………………
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.63. Acid rain. Name ………………………………………
Oil and coal release sulphur dioxide gas when they burn. This gas goes into the air and
dissolves in rain droplets to form ACID RAIN. In some parts of Europe acid rain has
destroyed plant and animal life in lakes and forests. Acid rain also causes corrosion of
metal and stonework.
SULPHUR
DIOXIDE
Exercise – Use the diagrams above to help you complete the sentences below.
5) If a lake becomes too acidic the fish and other water life will D _ _
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.64. Electric current and voltage. Name ……………………………………
Voltmeter
reads 1.5 V
current
Symbols
Ammeter switch
A cell (battery).
reads 3A CLOSED
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.65. Series and parallel circuits. Name ………………………………………
Exercise 1
The diagrams below show the two ways of adding two bulbs to a circuit. Study them
carefully and then try to fill in the missing words in the passages underneath. Choose
from the list of words at the bottom.
Bulbs in parallel
Bulbs in series 6 amps
6 amps
3 amps switch
switch 3 amps CLOSED
CLOSED
3 amps
Exercise 2 – Study the two circuit diagrams below and then try to complete the sentences.
circuit 1 circuit 2
A 1
open closed
A B B 2
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.66. Electrical resistance. Name ………………………………………
Short circuits.
An electric current always takes the easiest route
around a circuit. In the diagram opposite the bulb
Copper wire makes
does not light up because it is easier for the
a short circuit.
current to pass through the copper wire than
through the bulb. The bulb has a bigger resistance
than the wire. This is called a SHORT CIRCUIT.
The thin wire inside a light bulb is called a F _ _ _ _ _ _ _ This does not
let the C _ _ _ _ _ _ pass through it easily because it has a high
electrical R _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ When a bulb lights, electrical energy is
being changed into H _ _ _ and light energy. C _ _ _ _ _ is a metal with
a very low resistance which is why it is used for electric wires.
The thinner a wire is the M _ _ _ resistance it has. Resistors are used in
electrical devices to stop currents getting too H _ _ _ A variable
resistor is used to change the S _ _ _ of the current in a circuit. They
are used as dimmer switches in household L _ _ _ _ _ Variable resistors
are also used as V _ _ _ _ _ controls in televisions and radios.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.67. Magnets. Name ………………………………………
The magnetic metals are iron, steel, cobalt and nickel. They are attracted to magnets
and can become magnetized themselves. There are invisible magnetic forces around a
magnet. This is called a MAGNETIC FIELD. The forces are strongest around the
ends, which are called the NORTH (N) POLE and the SOUTH (S) POLE.
compass
N S S N S N
REPEL ATTRACT
Exercise 1 – Underneath each diagram write down whether the magnets will attract or repel.
S N N N S S
Exercise 2
The diagrams below show three steel pins. Two of them are magnetized (have become
magnets) and one is not. Try to work out which of the pins are magnets.
pin A pin B pin B pin C
ATTRACT ATTRACT
pin A pin C
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.68. Electromagnets. Name ………………………………………
N S
When the current is switched off the iron bar loses its magnetism. If a
steel bar is put into the solenoid it stays a permanent magnet after the
current is switched off.
4) The _ _ _ _ turns of wire on the coil the stronger the magnetic field.
The diagrams below show how electromagnets are used in various devices. Try to
complete the missing words in the passages underneath each one.
push switch
electromagnet
contacts
gong
hammer scrap iron and steel
iron lever
switch contacts
electromagnet
electric motor
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.70. Speed. Name ………………………………………
The SPEED of a moving object is the DISTANCE it travels divided by the TIME that
it takes.
Units for speed
SPEED = DISTANCE ÷ TIME or DISTANCE metres per second (m/s)
TIME miles per hour (mph)
kilometres per hour (km/h)
The example below shows how to work out the speed of a toy car.
push
Exercise 1 – Work out the answers to the problems below. REMEMBER UNITS.
3) A boy cycles 20 miles in 2 hours. His average speed = _____ = _____ mph
Exercise 2 – Use the formula triangle to help you work out the problems below.
2) An athlete sprints at 10m/s. How long does it take him to complete a 200m race?
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.71. Force and movement. Name ………………………………………
A FORCE is a PUSH or PULL. Force is measured in NEWTONS (N). Forces can speed
up or slow down objects. The diagrams below show how different forces can affect
the movement of a car.
1. Force from the engine 2. As the car speeds up the force 3. The car reaches a steady speed
makes the car begin to move. of air resistance gets bigger. when the two forces are equal.
When the force pushing against the car is the same size as the force from the engine
the car stops accelerating and travels at a steady speed.
Forces can also make objects change direction. The diagram below shows this.
Force from engine Force of air resistance Force from engine Force of air resistance
is 500N. is 300N. is 500N. is 500N.
Table pushes up
with a force of 5N.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.72. Friction. Name ………………………………………
Friction is a force that stops two surfaces sliding past each other. It is caused by
tiny bumps on the surfaces which catch together.
2. Brakes on bicycles and cars use friction 2. Air resistance is a type of friction that
to slow down the wheels. slows down vehicles. The faster the vehicle
travels the greater the air resistance
bicycle tyre
becomes. Car bodies are designed so that
the air slips smoothly over the bonnet.
rubber brake
block
blocks grip wheel
rim to slow it down
3. Air resistance is a type of friction that Poor design – air hits against bonnet
and slows the car down. The engine
slows down parachutes.
must work hard to keep at a high speed.
air resistance
The force that stops two surfaces sliding past each other is called
………………… If there was no friction between our shoes and the ground our
feet would ………………… when we tried to walk. Rubber brake blocks grip
against the ………………… of a bicycle wheel in order to slow it down. A
parachute reaches a steady speed when the force of ………………… pulling it
down is balanced by the air resistance pushing ………………… Friction
between the moving parts of machinery can cause it to over …………………
The friction can be ………………… by using oil or ………………… The ………………… a
car moves the greater the air resistance is that pushes against it.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.73. Turning forces. Name ………………………………………
The size of the turning force can be increased by increasing the length of the lever.
apply force
pivot
apply force
pivot
load
Using a wheelbarrow to carry heavy loads.
1) A _ _ _ _ _ is a turning point.
PRESSURE (N/m2) = FORCE (N) Another unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa)
AREA (m2) 1 N/m2 = 1 Pa
Snow shoes
These spread a person’s
weight over a large area Knife edge – large pressure to cut into materials.
which prevents them from
sinking into soft snow. Stiletto heel
When all of the woman’s
Washers weight is resting on the
A washer spreads the heel it produces a very
force from the nut which large pressure. This can
stops it being pulled into cause damage to floors
wood. with soft surfaces.
1) A man weighs 800N. The area of BOTH of his boots is 0.08m2. What pressure
does he place on the ground when he stands still?
2) A woman weighs 500N. The area of ONE of her stiletto heels is 0.0002m2. What
pressure does she place on the ground when she puts her weight onto one heel?
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.75. Reflection. Name ………………………………………
We can see objects because light travels from them into our eyes. LUMINOUS
objects make their own light, e.g. the Sun, a light bulb and a candle. Most objects do
not make their own light. We see them because light bounces off them into our eyes.
This is called REFLECTION.
Mirrors.
Mirrors have a very smooth, shiny surface. All of the light rays bounce off them at
the same angle. This is what makes a clear REFLECTION.
Light rays are reflected off the paper in Light rays hitting a mirror are all reflected
all directions due to its rough surface. at the same angle due to its smooth surface.
The rays that hit the mirror are called the INCIDENT RAYS. The diagram above
shows that the REFLECTED RAYS leave the surface of the mirror at the same
angle that they came in at.
2) Underline the objects below that give off their own light.
TORCH BOOK CANDLE MIRROR GLOW WORM MOON SUN COIN FIREWORK
mirror
normal line
45°
normal line
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.76. Refraction of light. Name ………………………………………
AIR
GLASS
This wheel slows
down first.
SAND
EYE
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.77. The spectrum. Name ………………………………………
This spreading out of colours is called DISPERSION. It also happens when light hits
rain drops which is how rainbows form. An easy way to remember the order that the
colours appear in is to remember this rhyme :
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.78. Coloured objects in coloured lights. Name …………………………
A white object reflects all seven colours of the spectrum. A red object looks red
because it only allows red light to reflect off it. The rest of the colours of the
spectrum are absorbed by the object.
R O Y G B I V R O Y G B I V
Only red light Only green light
is reflected is reflected
into the eye. into the eye.
In red light the red book still looks red because it reflects the red light. If the book
is placed in any other colour of light it will absorb the light . No light is reflected off
the book into the eye so it looks black.
Exercise – For the items of clothing in the table below write down the colours that they
would look in the different lights shown. Some have been done for you.
Item of clothing In white light In red light In green light In blue light
white shirt GREEN
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.79. Hearing. Name ………………………………………
We hear things when SOUND WAVES pass into our ears. The diagram below shows
the parts of the human ear and how we hear.
Hearing ranges.
The range of pitches that a person can hear is called their HEARING RANGE.
Different people have different hearing ranges. Young people can hear higher pitched
sounds than older people. Young people can also hear quieter sounds.
Hearing damage.
The sense cells in the cochlea are very delicate. If a person is exposed to very loud
noises over a long time the sense cells can become damaged and the person can
become partially deaf. This is why people who work in very noisy places must wear ear
protection. This is also the reason why it is dangerous to listen to personal stereos at
too high a volume.
Exercise – Join up the parts of the ear with their correct descriptions below.
ear drum a tube that carries sound waves to the ear drum
ear canal a tight sheet of skin that vibrates when sound waves hit it
cochlea pass the vibrations from the ear drum to the cochlea
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.80. Sound. Name ………………………………………
Sound waves.
Vibrating forks make
Sound waves are made by vibrating the air vibrate.
objects. The diagram shows a tuning fork.
The ends of the fork are vibrating (moving Sound waves
tuning fork
backwards and forwards) very quickly. This
makes sound waves.
2) Sound travels as W _ _ _ _
A B C D
HIGH PITCH AND QUIET = ___ HIGH PITCH AND LOUD = ___
LOW PITCH AND QUIET = ___ LOW PITCH AND LOUD = ___
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.81. Comparing Light and Sound. Name ………………………………………
In air light travels at a speed of 300,000,000 metres per second. Sound travels much
more slowly at a speed of about 330 metres per second. This is why we see an
exploding firework before we hear it.
exploding
firework Sound takes longer to reach
your ears.
Light can only travel through TRANSPARENT materials such as water and glass.
Sound must have a MEDIUM (substance) to travel through because something is
needed to pass on the vibrations. Sound travels better through solids than it does
through air.
Sound in a vacuum.
Sound can travel through solids, liquids and Air is pumped out.
gases. The diagram shows a bell jar that contains
an electronic buzzer. As the air is pumped out of bell jar
the jar the sound of the buzzer becomes
quieter. When there is no air left inside the jar electronic buzzer
(a vacuum) the buzzer cannot be heard because (the sound gets
quieter until it can
there is nothing to carry the vibrations. SOUND
no longer be heard)
CANNOT TRAVEL THROUGH A VACUUM.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.82. Day and night. Name ………………………………………
The Earth spins around an imaginary line called its AXIS. The axis runs from the
North to the South pole. The Earth turns once every twenty four hours (one day).
During the day we face towards the Sun and at night we face away from the Sun.
N
Britain The Earth spins around its AXIS.
S
Sunrise and sunset.
The Sun and other stars APPEAR to slowly move across the sky because the Earth is
turning. The sun rises in the EAST and sets in the WEST.
SUN
midday
stick
It takes 365 days and 6 hours for the Earth to complete one orbit of the Sun. We
make one year 365 days but every four years we need to add on an extra day to make
up for the six extra hours. This is why a LEAP year has 366 days.
During a year in Britain the weather gradually changes from warm Summer to cold
Winter and back again. The different SEASONS are caused by the tilt of the Earth
on its axis. The diagram below shows how this happens.
Spring
st
On March 21 there is equal length
day and night.
Summer Winter
Long days and Short days and
short nights. long nights.
Britain is tilted Britain is tilted
towards the Sun. away from the
Sun.
SUN
Autumn
On September 21st there is equal length
day and night.
Exercise – Study the diagram above and then try to complete the sentences below.
The Sun and other stars are sources of light. Planets orbit stars and do not make
their own light. We can sometimes see the moon and some of the planets at night
because they REFLECT light from the Sun. The SOLAR SYSTEM is our Sun together
with the nine planets that orbit it. The order of the nine planets starting with the
one closest to the Sun is :
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
An easy way to remember the order of the planets is to remember this rhyme :
The diagram below gives an idea of how far the planets are from the Sun.
S
U
N
M VE M J S U N P
. .. . . . . . .
5,900 million km.
The diagram below shows how the planets compare in size. The length of each planet’s
year (orbit time) is also given underneath each one (d = days, y = years.)
J S
U N P
M V E M
248y
88d
687d
225d 365d 84y 165y
29y
12y
THE FURTHER THE PLANET IS FROM THE SUN THE LONGER IT TAKES TO ORBIT.
3) The further the planet is from the Sun the _ _ _ _ _ _ is its year.
The planets are attracted towards the sun by an invisible force called GRAVITY. This
is what keeps the planets in orbit. In the same way the Moon orbits the Earth
because of the pull of gravity between them. Any object that travels around a planet
in this way is called a SATELLITE. Humans have sent artificial satellites into space.
These are very useful in several ways.
Moon
The Moon travels anticlockwise around the Artificial satellites have the following uses :
Earth. It takes 27.3 days to complete one
orbit. During this time the Moon changes 1. To observe and photograph the Earth.
from a full moon to nothing and then back 2. To study weather systems.
to a full moon again. This happens because 3. To send radio and TV signals around the
we only see the part of the Moon which world.
reflects light from the Sun. The part that 4. To look deeper into Space. In Space
is in shadow does not show up. We see there is no atmosphere (air) to cloud our
different amounts of the lit side as the view. The Hubble telescope is a satellite
Moon travels around the Earth. Early people that has helped us to discover more
used this cycle to keep track of the months. about the Universe.
The Moon orbits the Earth because of the pull of …………………… Any object
that orbits the Earth is called a ……………………………… The …………………… is the
Earth’s natural satellite. It takes about twenty seven days for the Moon
to complete one …………………… During this time the Moon appears to change
shape from a …………………… moon to nothing and then back again.
If a satellite is given too much …………………… it will escape into Space. If it
has too little speed the force of gravity will pull it back down to
…………………… The Hubble ……………………………… is a satellite that helps us to
see much more clearly into Space. It can do this because in Space there
is no …………………… to block our view.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.86. The Moon and its phases. Name ………………………………………
The Moon appears to change shape as it travels around the Earth. This happens
because we only see the part of the Moon that reflects light from the Sun. The
diagram below shows how this happens.
A half moon
at 21 days.
A crescent moon.
A new moon
SUN at 0 days.
A full moon
at 14 days.
A half moon
at 7 days.
The changing appearance of the Moon is called its PHASES. The complete cycle from
one new Moon to the next takes 29.5 days even though it only takes the Moon 27.3
days to completely orbit the Earth. The difference between these two times is
because the Earth also slowly changes position as it orbits the Sun.
Most of the energy that we use to heat our homes and to power our machines comes
from FOSSIL FUELS. These are coal, oil and natural gas. It takes millions of years
for fossil fuels to form from the remains of dead plants and animals. We say that
they are NON-RENEWABLE because once we have used them up we cannot replace
them. In the future we will need to rely more upon RENEWABLE energy resources
(those that will not run out).
Gravitational energy
Water is stored at a height in
dams. As it rushes downhill
gravitational energy is changed
into moving energy. This can
be used to turn turbines which
produce electricity.
Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun. The diagram below shows how we
can always trace energy resources back to energy from the Sun.
Heat is absorbed by
Solar panels absorb the atmosphere and
energy and use it to causes winds which can
heat water. be used to turn wind
turbines and produce
electrical energy.
Sun
coal
Energy in food. Wood can be burnt as a fuel. Fossil fuels form over millions of years.
Most people use electricity many times every day. Electricity is GENERATED
(produced) in power stations before it is sent to homes and factories. A number of
energy resources can be used to generate electricity. Large TURBINES that are
connected to GENERATORS are made to turn. As the generators turn they produce
the electricity. The diagram below shows how this works.
Turbines
Generator
Many power stations burn coal to heat water. As the water boils steam is produced
under high pressure. The turbines are pushed around by the force of the steam. Only
about one third of the chemical energy inside the coal is changed into electrical
energy. The other two thirds of the energy is lost to the surroundings as heat.
Some power stations use wind power to push the turbines around. In a
HYDROELECTRIC power station water rushing downhill is used to turn the turbines.
4) Coal powered electricity stations are wasteful because only about one
_ _ _ _ _ of the chemical energy inside the coal is changed into
electrical energy.
6) In the future _ _ _ _ and water power may become the main ways of
generating electricity because they will never run out.
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
W.S.90. Energy changes. Name ………………………………………
Energy is always changing from one form into another. The diagram below
shows the energy changes in a torch.
Exercise – Write down the energy changes for the objects below.
1) GRAVITATIONAL ………………………
light
3) ……………………… ELECTRICAL
KS3 Science Revision Worksheets Special Edition P. Hill, Beaver Educational Resources 2000. Registered to Hampton Community College. TW12 3HB.
My summary Notes
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________