Professional Documents
Culture Documents
John Follin
John Follin
9 October 2023
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General Atomics
LOCATION: San Diego, California
FOUNDED: 1955
STATUS: Privately held corporation
John Follin
Director
Strategic Development / Business Development
Demilitarization and Chemical Waste Destruction
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General Atomics Organization
General Atomics
La Jolla, California
Electromagnetics
Energy Aeronautics
Rancho Bernardo
La Jolla, California Poway, California
California
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Over 30 Years and $250M Invested in iSCWO
2012-2014
First commercial sale, continued Government use
2015-Present
Commercial and Government sales with aftermarket support
December 2021
iSCWO PFAS Destruction Testing Begins
September 2022
EPA Evaluation Complete - Verifies 99.99% Destruction of PFAS
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What is Supercritical Water?
5000
2000
1000
705°F (374°C)
500
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Temperature (°C)
iSCWO Process
• Perfect for onsite waste destruction
• Cost competitive with other onsite
destruction technologies
• No post-treatment required
• No high emissions to deal with
• No hazardous by-products to
store, transport, or dispose of
• Waste stream testing at GA
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Why are our Customers Interested in iSCWO?
The issues that generate interest in onsite waste treatment process such
as iSCWO are:
T=? T=2 s
Zero to 0.5mm to larger size particle Zero to 20% to high % by weight - Static test conditions encounter reformation issues
due to varying temp and pressure
• Autogenic conditions 2200 BTU/lbm (5117 KJ/kg or 1223 kcal/kg or 320 g/L COD)
• Maximum design rate of a 3gpm iSCWO system with a liquid waste feed at
autogenic conditions is 36,000 lbs per day or 16.4 metric tons/day
• Most waste slurry applications range between 20,000 lbs to 30,000 lbs per day
(9.1 MT/day to 13.7 MT/day)
• Pumping viscosity ranges from 0.3 to 8000 mPa-s or Centipoise (CP)
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iSCWO in Industrial Environments
EFFECTIVE
iSCWO destroys PFAS with co-contaminants simultaneously with equal efficiency
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Micronized Feed for Slurry Feeding into iSCWO
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12 General Atomics Proprietary Information
Multiple Options for iSCWO Waste Feed
• Liquid feed
• Generated by in-line process or liquids stored onsite
• Pumped directly into the iSCWO system
• Slurry Feed
• Powdered solids (e.g., pesticides or pharmaceuticals) in water
• Ground-up solids (resins or GAC) in water solution
• Size-reduced solids pumped directly into the iSCWO system
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GA iSCWO Demonstration System – No R&D
*Note – the feed concentration, rates, and quantities were defined by the customer
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Some Organic Destruction Process Results*
*Note – the feed concentration, rates, and quantities were defined by the customer
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PFAS iSCWO Test Analysis
CO2
H2O
I
S
C N2
W
O
O2 NaOH NaF
Neutralize
HF
• With a typical feed of PFAS, iSCWO breaks the PFAS into
Carbon which combines with oxygen to make CO2
Fluorine which is stripped off of the PFAS molecule and
combines with hydrogen to make HF
Oxygen which combines with carbon, be consumed by the fuel
and generates H2O and/or CO2, or emitted as excess oxygen
• Immediately at the reactor exit, the hot liquid will be quenched with
sodium hydroxide (a base) which neutralizes the HF (an acid) to make
a salt which is sodium fluoride (NaF).
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PFAS Test Results
Destruction of PFAS efficiency: >99.99% for multiple tests
Materials Tested for DRE Calculations Include:
Aqueous Fire Fighting Foam (AFFF)
6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTS)
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)
Integrated Derived Waste (IDW)
Published Reports Recorded Data
6:2 FTS 350 gal 0x 210 ppb Fire pit wash 99.9929%
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Targeted PFAS Summary with Fluoride Concentration Analysis
• Targeted 21 PFAS
Average DRE: 99.9985
in AFFF waste feed
• DRE does not fully
reflect iSCWO’s PFAS remaining - PFBA, 6:2 FTS, and sulfonates (C4-8) - undetermined whether from water or system
capabilities Effluent values include dilution factor of about 1.5 due to higher liquid flow from separator (~12 Lpm out vs ~8 Lpm in)
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Conclusions
John Follin
Director, Strategic Development / Business Development
Demilitarization and Chemical Waste Destruction
General Atomics Electromagnetic Systems Group
1 858 964 6805 (office)
[email protected]
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