Orifice Discharge Unit
Orifice Discharge Unit
Orifice Discharge Unit
Introduction :
An orifice plate is a device used for measuring the rate of fluid flow. It uses
the same principle as a Venturi nozzle, which states that there is a
relationship between the pressure of the fluid and the velocity of the fluid.
When the velocity increases, the pressure decreases and vice versa. An
orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in the middle. It is usually placed in a
pipe in which fluid flows. When the fluid reaches the orifice plate, with the
hole in the middle, the fluid is forced to converge to go through the small
hole; the point of maximum convergence actually occurs shortly downstream
of the physical orifice, at the so called vena contracta point. As it does so, the
velocity and the pressure changes. Beyond the vena contracta, the fluid
expands and the velocity and pressure change once again. By measuring the
difference in fluid pressure between the normal pipe section and at the vena
contracta, the volumetric and mass flow rates can be obtained from
Bernoulli's equation
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: Purpose Of The Experiment
The orifice discharge unit experiment is important to inspect and understand
how the orifice discharge unit drains or gases. This experience can be
summarized in the following points ;
Attest to calculating the rate of gas or gas flow through the orifice, which
helps in assessing the amount of material that can be passed through the
orifice at a specified slow unit .
The experiment can help improve engineering electronics designs that rely
on draining liquids or gases through orifices, which leads to
improvements.
Overall, the partition drainer makes many powerful tools in the field of
engineering, and well realizes the flow of material processes in various
engineering applications.
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Theory :
The Equations
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V= (2 g H) ^ 1/2.........(1)
:Where
.V= the ideal velocity (m/sec)
.H= the height of the water from the top of the tank to the vena contract (mm)
Ca=ac/ao..........(4)
:Where
.Cv=the coefficient of contraction
,ao= the ideal area of the orifice (mm²). a=(π/4)d
ac= the actual area of water which flowing through the vena contracta
a = (π/4)^2dc .)mm²(
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: Thus the equation (4) can be simplified to
C= (dc/do)^2.......(5)
.do= the ideal diameter of flow (the diameter of the orifice) (mm)
.dc =the actual diameter of flow (the diameter of vena contracta) (mm)
Cd=Cv Cc......(11)
.Where: Cd= the coefficient of discharge
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F
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4
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) The Water Flow through the Orifice Meter
Procedure :
We turn on the device and open the water inlet valve a certain amount
first.
We wait until the water level in the tank rises slightly and stabilizes at
a certain amount.
We record the readings for each increase in the flow rate. First, we
record the height difference, which represents the pressure inside and
the pressure at the exit. Second, we record the flow rate from the
lower tank, as we learned.
We apply the volumetric discharge coefficient law for each flow rate
and height difference.
We apply the readings to a graph paper and observe the relationship.
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Discussion :
Q3/ Why is the height in the right tube (h2) always greater than the
height in the left tube (h1) ?
An/ Because the pressure resulting from the flow entering the tank is greater
than the outside, because the diameter of the entering port is larger than the
diameter of the exiting port. Therefore, the velocity of the entering fluid is
less than the velocity of the exiting fluid, so the pressure inside is greater
than the outside.
Q4/ What is the type of relationship between the flow rate and
the square root of the height difference ?
An/ The relationship between them based on (Orifice discharge coefficient equation)
is an inverse relationship.
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reference :
- https://theconstructor.org/fluid-mechanics/measure-discharge-ori-fice/
162415/
- https://www.edibon.com/en/orifice-discharge
- https://extrudesign.com/orifice-meter-construction-working-principledis-
charge-equation/
- https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/media/lectures/5/5_2020_10_13!
03_31_47_PM.pdf
- https://www.uomus.edu.iq/img/lectures2MUCLecture_2022_421289.pdf
- https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url
- https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/29677/1/Unit-
3.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwis9tSZuoKDAxUvhP0HHSWuDgoQFnoECAcQAQ&
usg=AOvVaw2hFjJo0niUmgoGrlQyP3mL
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