Cae Orf Befever BVDV

Week 6: Viral Diseases of Ruminants
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis
• CAE virus – single-stranded, icosahedral, RNA virus

• Family Retroviridae
• Subfamily Lentivirinae
• CAE is a retroviral infection which may lead to chronic disease of the
joints and on occasions encephalitis in goat kids that are less than six
months of age
CAE: Spread of the virus
• The CAE virus is associated with WBCs, therefore any biological

material which contain WBCs are potential sources of infection to
other goats in the herd
• Breeding of infected with non-infected goats can also spread the
disease
CAE: Signs of infection
• 5 major symptons
• Arthritis
• Encephalitis
• Interstitial pneumonia
• Mastitis
• Progressive weight loss Source: core.ac.uk
Source: journalofdairyscience.org
CAE: Testing for Virus
• Gather sample from a suspected carrier and sed to lab
• Not all goats that become infected with CAE virus progress to disease
CAE: Prevention
• Maintaining a closed herd status

• All animals should be tested for CAE every 6 months beginning at 6
months of age
Key Points
• CAE typically manifests as neurologic disease in kids and as
arthritis, pneumonia, or mammary disease in adult goats.
• There is no vaccine or speciﬁc treatment; therefore,
supportive care is indicated for aﬀected animals.
• Disease control may be achieved by appropriate kid and
colostrum management and by using test-and-segregate/cull
practices with adult goats.
Contagious ecthyma • Infectious disease of sheep and
goats
• Lesions on muzzles, lips, and
• Orf stomatitis on teats
• Infectious labial dermatitis • Most susceptible are young
• Sore moth
• Scabby mouth
• Contagious pustular dermatitis
(CPD)
Source: Slide Share

Orf: Etiology
• Orf virus
• Genus Parapoxvirus
• Family Poxviridae
• D-DNA
• Similar to pseudo cowpox virus
• Epitheliotropic
• Transmitted to humans
Orf: Host range and economic importance
• Host range • Economic importance

• Sheep and goats • Low production
• Cattle • Less body weight
• Alpacas • Wool damage
• Camels • Slaughtering
• Big horn sheep
• Reindeer
• Deer
• Squirrels
Orf: Transmission
• Utensils
• Contaminated feed
• Water
• Aerosols
• Direct and close contact
• From the dam
• Weak immunity
• wound
Orf: Clinical Signs
• Rise in temperature • Different phases of disease

• Papules • Phase 1: small papules
• Pustules • Phase 2: pustules
• Scabs • Phase 3: exudation
• Lesions on gum, tongue and • Phase 4: scab and scar formation
palate; also on skin of face, ears,
feet and scrotum
Orf: Phases of Disease
Source: Slide Share

Source: Slide Share
Orf: Diagnosis
• Diagnosis is based on: • Laboratory diagnostic tests

• Characteristic lesions • Serum neutralization
• Clinical signs • ELISAs
• Previous history • Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID)
• Complement fixation and
agglutination
Orf: Differential Diagnosis
• Sheep and goat pox

• Dermatophilosis
• Bluetongue
• Foot rot
• FMD
• Papillomatosis
• Herpes virus infection
• Staph. infection
• Actinobacillosis
• Ulcerative dermatosis
Orf: Treatment
• Self-limiting (Clear in 3-4 weeks)

• Antiseptic
• Antibiotic in secondary infections
• Lesions shed off themselves
• Soft, palatable food should be provided during illness
• Recovered are resistant
Bovine Ephemeral Fever
• 3-day Sickness
• Bovine Epizootic Fever
• Three-day stiffsickness
• Dragon boat disease
BEF: Etiology & Epidemiology
• Family Rhabdoviridae • First described in South Africa

• Genus Ephemerovirus • Tropical, subtropical, and
temperate countries in Africa,
Asia, and Australia
• Thailand in 1984
Transmission
• Insect bites
• Culicoides
• Mosquitoes
• Not spread from cow to cow
Clinical Signs
Source: dairyknowledge.in
Clinical Signs
Gross Lesions & Hematology
Diagnosis & Differential Diagnosis
• Clinical signs • Bluetongue

• Seroconversion; paired serum • Babesiosis
• SN test • Blackleg
• ELISA
• Gross lesion
Treatment & Prevention and Control
• Recovery with no treatment • Vector control

• In severe cases • Vaccine – attenuated live virus
• Anti-inflammatory drugs vaccine (Australia)
• Fluid therapy and calcium
• Broad-spectrum antibiotics
• Recovery period: 3-4 weeks
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
• First recognized in Canada and • Etiology

the US • Family Flaviviridae
• Currently, seen in all ages of • Genus Pestivirus
cattle throughout the world
• 2 biotypes: cytopathogenic (cp)
• Significant economic impact or noncytopathogenic (ncp)
–productive and reproductive
losses • Both biotypes of BVDV infect
cattle and cause disease, but
only ncp BVD causes persistent
infections
Effect of BVD infection in cattle
Transmission
• Persistent infected animal

• Acute infected animal
• Semen
• Embryo transfer
• Rectal sleeves
• Contaminated water
• Biting insect (experimentally
Source: aces.edu
Effect of Pregnant Cow Infection
Source: vetres.org
Critical Concerns
Clinical Signs
Lesions on nose, foamy saliva.
Source: canadiancattlemen.ca
Source: Slide Share
Source: Slide Share
Diagnosis
Herd screening
• Bulk milk tank (antibodies or PCR)

• Test all animals
• Skin biopsy
• Blood from <4 months, serum > r months for
• Virus isolation
• Test again in 3 months (isolation + serology)
Prevention and Control

Cae Orf Befever BVDV

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cae Orf Befever BVDV

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Week 6: Viral Diseases of Ruminants

Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis

• CAE virus – single-stranded, icosahedral, RNA virus

• The CAE virus is associated with WBCs, therefore any biological

• Gather sample from a suspected carrier and sed to lab

• Maintaining a closed herd status

Source: Slide Share

• Host range • Economic importance

• Rise in temperature • Different phases of disease

Source: Slide Share

• Diagnosis is based on: • Laboratory diagnostic tests

• Sheep and goat pox

• Self-limiting (Clear in 3-4 weeks)

• Family Rhabdoviridae • First described in South Africa

• Clinical signs • Bluetongue

• Recovery with no treatment • Vector control

• First recognized in Canada and • Etiology

• Persistent infected animal

• Bulk milk tank (antibodies or PCR)

You might also like