Toaz - Info Foundation Engineering by Peck Amp Hanson PR
Toaz - Info Foundation Engineering by Peck Amp Hanson PR
reloading curve
virgin
branch
rebound
curve
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
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Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
€
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
€
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
315-318 math Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
Edited by Foxit Reader
Copyright(C) by Foxit Corporation,2005-2009
For Evaluation Only.
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Name Index
Index Terms
A
Aas.G. 122 473
Adams, J. I. 78 473
AASHO 14 16 26 27 29 36
398 473
AREA 398 473
ASCE 473
ASP 473
ASTM 5 8 9 14 15 16
24 27 28 36 42 112
113 122 215 473
Atterberg A. 21 48 473
Avery, S. B., Jr. 476
B
Bagnold, R. A. 160 474
Baker, B. 443 444 474
Baker, C. N., Jr. 243 304 474
Baker, G. L. 330 480
Barden, L. 413 474
Barkan, D. D. 259 474
Basore, C. E. 330 474
Baumann, F. 184
Belcher, D. J. 124 474
Berkey, C P. 159
Berman, H. 12 479
Bishop, A. W. 101 109 121 305 358 474
Bjerrum, L. 78 93 96 161 268 305
Index Terms
Bjerrum, L. (cont.)
329 363 472 474 478
Boersma, L. 323 485
Boitano, J. D. 330 474 485
Boussinesq, J. 288
Brinch Hansen, J. 420 474
Brink, A. B. A. 346 474
Brinkhorst, W. H. 258 474
Brissette, R. F. 329 476
Broms, B. 304 305 477 481
Bryant, F. G. 304 481
Brzezinski, L. S. 305 47
Burmister, D. M. 36 474
Button, S. J. 358 475
C
Cadling, L. 122 475
Carlson, E. D. 358 475
Carson, A. B. 174 475
Casagrande, A. 2 22 23 27 36 43
55 60 61 63 72 77
78 94 95 96 119 161
304 305 474 475
Casagrande, L. 182 305 475
Cedergren, H. R. 56 475
Chan, C. K. 482
Chellis, R. D. 227 475
Clevenger, W. A 346 475
Condron, T L. 166 476
Cooke, R. W. 304 485
Corps of Engineers 27
Coulomb, C. A. 413 420
Coyle, H.M. 227 478
Crain, H. M. 122 479
Index Terms
D
D’Appolonia, E. 200 329 330 476
D’Appolonia, D. J. 200 259 305 329 330 476
Darcy, H. 39 40 53
Darragh, R. 472 486
Davisson, M.T. 215 222 224 227 230 476
478
Dawson, R. F. 79 346 76
Deere, D. U. 30 31 36 112 158 304
476 480
deRuiter, J. 133 479
DeSimone, S. V. 413 476
Devata, M. 305 483
Dudley, J. H. 346 476
Duncan, J. M. 472 474
duPont, E. I. de Nemours 476
E
Eades, J. L. 199 476
Eggestad, A. 329 474 477
Eide, O. 305 474
Endo, M. 305 477
Estes, H. M. 370 483
F
Fadum, R. E. 43 56 72 304 475
Fausold, M Jr. 305 483
Feda, J. 329 477
Feld, J. 259 266 477
Fellenius, B. H. 162 305
Index Terms
Fellenius, W. 162
Fenneman, N. M. 159 383 477
Ferguson, P.M. 383 477
Fisk, H. N. 148 477
Fletcher, G. F. A. 121 477
Flint, R. F. 124 160 477
Foster, C. R. 200 484
Fricano, S. P. 358 475
Frimann Clausen, C. J. 472 474
G
Gammon, K. M. 166 477
Gardner, W. S. 243 485
Gauntt, G. C. 304 477
Gerber, E. 423 477
Gerwick, B. C., Jr. 227 477
Gibbs, H. J. 66 121 477 478
Gill, G. W. 190 477
Glossop, R. 182 477
Goodell, W. G. 374
Gould, J. P. 413 476
Gray, R. E. 259 477
Greer, D. M. 243 485
Gregg, L. E. 124 485
Grim, R. E. 35 199 476 477
H
Hagerty, D. J. 160 304 477 484
Hallenbeck J. J., Jr. 358 477
Hammer M. J. 346 477
Hanna, T. H 472 478
Hanrahan, E. T. 78 478
Harlan, R. C. 482 484
Hazen, A. 38 40 48
Index Terms
I
Ireland, H. O. 121 248 301 306 325 346
378 481
ISSMFE 478
J
Jenkins, D. S. 124 474
Jennings, J. E. 334 341 346 478
Johannessen, I. J. 305 474 479
Johnson, S. J. 182 200 305 358 479
Johnston, R E. 358 477
Judson, . 159 479
K
Kallstenius, T. 121 479
Kantey, B. A. 346 474
Index Terms
Kaplar, C. W. 56 479
Kaufman, R. I. 182 330 480
Kawasaki, T. 305 477
Kenney, T. C. 133 479
Kerkhoff, G. O. 304 476
Kézdi, Á. 329 479
Khan, F. 243 304 474
Kiersch, G. 122
Klohn, E. J. 304 479
Knight, K. 346 478
Kolb, C.R. 160 479
Kotzias, P. C. 200 479
Krinitzsky, E. L. 160 479
L
Lambe, T. W. 35 56 304 305 476 479
Larsen, E. S. 12 479
Laursen, E. M. 330 479
Leet, L. D. 159 479
Legget, R. F. 160 479
Lennertz, R. 358 479
Leonards, G. A. 122 159 182
LeRoy, L.W. 122 479
Linell, K. A. 56 479
Liu, T. K. 160 484
Lobacz, E. F. 56 479
Lockwood, M. G. 259 479
Lovell, C. W., Jr 159 485
Lowery, L L 227 478
Lowitz, C. A. 304 478
Lumb, P. 161 479
Lundgren, R. 346 482 485
Lynch, T. J. 330 479
Index Terms
M
MacDonald, D. H. 133 266 305 479 482
Mansur, C. I. 182 330 480
Martin, C. B. 305 483
Matallana, G. A. 472 478
Math, E. R. 166 476
Means, R. E. 340 346 481
Meese, R. H. 122 482
Mesri, G. 12 73 74 480
Meyerhof, G. G. 78 266 305 310 314 329
464 480
Meyers, J. F. 259 477
Miles, R. D. 159 485
Miller, R. P. 31 100 330 476 480
Minou, A. 305 477
Mitchell, J. K. 200 480 482
Mohr, H. A. 104 121 480
Mohr, E. C. J. 161 480
Moore, R. W. 119 480
Moorhouse, D. C. 331 480
Moran, D. E. 182 228 480
Moretto, O. 121 478
Morgenstern, N. R. 358 480
Mueser, W. H. 182 228 480
N
Newmark, N. M 288 289 349 480
Nilson, A. H 383 485
Nordlun , R. L. 304 330 480
O
Odenstad, S. 122 475
Olson, R. E. 12 480
Index Terms
P
Paige, S. 159 481
Parcher, J.V. 340 346 481
Parola, J. F. 221 481
Parsons, J. D. 330 481
Peck, O.K. 346 481
Peck, R. B. 132 160 161 166 190 248
259 266 283 301 304 305
308 346 370 472 474 476
477 481 482
Pedgrift, G. F. 166 477
Pettijohn, F. J. 161 481
Poulos, H.G. 305 481
Poulos, S. 182 475
Prandtl, L. 271
Price, V. E. 358 480
Proctor, C. S. 182 480
Proctor, R. R. 14 36 481
R
Rankine, W.J. M. 419 481
Reddy, A.S. 358 481
Reed, W.C. 132 160 481
Reese, L. C. 238 243 480 481
Reiche, P. 160 481
Résal, J. 420
Richart, F. E 375
Riggs, L.W. 243 481
Root, J. W. 185
Rosenqvist, I. Th. 35 481
Index Terms
S
Salley, J.R. 266 482
Samson, C. H., Jr. 227 478
Sanger, F. J. 182 482
Sanglerat, G. 115 121 482
Scheidig, A. 86 482
Schmertmann, J. H. 61 78 121 482
Schousboe, I. 243 482
Scott, E.W., Jr. 166 482
Sebastyan, G. Y. 78 305 480
Seed, H.B. 95 346 482
Selby, K.G. 305 483
Shannon, W. L. 122 472 482
Shibata, T. 305 477
Shockley, W. G. 160 479
..
Silano, L. G. 243 478
Simons, N. E. 93 474
Skempton, A. W. 44 56 62 80 92 93
97 161 190 266 271 279
304 305 329 474 482
Smith, G. D. 160 483
Sokolovski, V. V. 420 483
SooySmith, W. 230 262
Sowers, G. B. 471 482
Sowers, G. F. 161 266 305 359 471 483
485
Spangler, M. G. 423 483
Spock, L. E 159 483
Squier, L. R. 370 483
Stagg, K. G. 31 36 370 483
Stamatopoulos, A. C. 200 479
Index Terms
T
Talbot, A. N. 374 375
Taylor, A. W. 35 483
Taylor, D. W. 71 298 299 483
Teng, C. Y. 248 30 13 481 483
Terzaghi, K. 44 49 56 59 70 78
81 135 149 159 161 266
298 308 310 413 417 419
443 444 454 472 483 484
Thompson, M. R. 200 346 484
Thompson, O. B. 346 477
Thon, J. G. 472 484
Thornburn, T. H. 122 160 484
Thornbury, W. D. 159 484
Thornley, J. H. 227 484
Tomlinson, M. J. 283 305 484
Trask, P. D. 160 484
Tschebotarioff, G. 453 472 484
Turnbull, W. J. 160 200 479 484
U
USBR 27 36 49 484 485
USDA 25 29 36 129 137 144
160 485
Index Terms
V
Van Baren, F. A. 161 480
Van der Veen, C. 323 485
Vargas, M. 121 478
Varnes, D. J. 122
Vesić, A. 329 485
Vitrivius 204
W
Ward, E. R. 472 484
Ward, W. H. 346 485
Ware, T. M. 330 476
Warkentin, B. P. 35 56 486
WES 36 485
Werblin, D. A. 182 485
Wheeless, L. D. 359 485
Whitaker, T. 304 305 485
White, E. E. 252 485
White, Lazarus 250
White, L. S. 304 484
White, R. E. 243 250 370 485
White, W. A. 22
Whitman, R. V. 35 200 330 476 479
Willis, E. A. 158 485
Wilson, L. L. 305 483
Wilson, S. D. 96 122 446 475 476 482
Winter, G. 383 485
Woods, K B 124 159 474 485
Woodward, R. J. 243 279 346 482 485
Woolf, D. O 36 485
Wosser, T. O. 472 486
Index Terms
Y
Yong, R. N. 35 56 486
Z
Zeevaert, L. 140 160 254 305 348 476
486
Zienkiewicz, O. C. 31 36 370 483
Subject Index
A
A-frame anchorage 452
AASHO classification 25 27 128
compaction test 15 198
Abrasion 126
Abutment 229 247ff 385
base slab 439
cantilever 441
design 437
gravity 248
joints 439
loads 439
pile-bent 248
spill-through 248
types 248
U 248
ACI Building Code 375 379 390
Acker drill 121
Active earth pressure 385 418ff
Active Rankine state 418ff 459
Adhesion between pile a d soil 214
Adsorbed ion 21ff
Aeolian oil 126
Aerial ph tography 128 130 137 139 144
Aggregate properties 8
relations among 17
Air bubble 42
Index Terms
Auger (Cont.)
samples 106
B
Backfill 197 247 301
Backswamp deposit 145
Bailer 106 237
Bank of America 472
Baraboo, Wis. 100
Barre, Vt. 100
BART 472
Basalt 31 100
Base failure of cut in clay 461
Base width of retaining wall 415
Basement wall 173
Baton Rouge, La. 147
Batter pile 203 225 302 430 432 435
448
slump of concrete 213
Beach deposit 147
Beach ridge deposit 136
Beam, anchor 448
T- 188
Bearing capacity 166 264 307 311 313
of clay 270ff 304
factor 271 278 310 464
failure 256 265 269 271 308 318
350
of pier n sand 322
of p le cluster 283
of sand 307ff 329
ultimate net 271
Bearing pile in dense sand 322ff
Bearpaw shale 332
Index Terms
Bulkhead 446
anchorage 452
anchored 447ff 472
design 452 455
dredge 448
failure 449
fill 448
loads 449ff
settlement of anchor rods 455
sheet-pile moment 453
Bulking 49 198
Buoyancy of raft 320
Buried channel 130 140
Buried valley 139ff
C
c/p ratio 93 98
Cable tendon 370
Cable-tool drilling 106
Caisson 229 232ff 243 256 281 326
363
floating 234
open dredged 243
pneumatic 235 243 262 327
Calcium carbonate 147 153
California 147 358
Caliper log 153
Camden, N. J. 228
Camera, bor hol 117
Canada 9 124 126 131 133 135
160 176 337
Cantilever abutment 441
Cantilever footing 185ff 402 405
Cantilever retaining wall 246 415 427
Index Terms
Cemented rock, 30
Cemented sand 236 333
Cement grout 181
Central Valley, Cal. 147
Channel, buried 130
Channel markings 130
Chart, for correction of N-values 312
plasticity 22
for pressure on retaining
wall 424 425
triangular 25 127
Chemical alteration 65
Chemical grouting 182
Chemical injection 181
Chemical stabilization 22 343
Chemical weathering 125 369
Chicago 79 129 132 133 160 184
187 190 230 243 262 304
305 365 400
Chicago Bridge and Iron Co. 384
Chicago clay 184
Chicago method 239
Chicopee, Mass. 146 149
Chlorite 151
Chopping bit 104
Circle, Mohr, see Mohr’s circle
Classification, AASHO 25 27 128
airfield 27
engineering 128
MIT 25 30
of rock 30 32
of soil 24
textural 25 28
Index Terms
Clay (Cont.)
Leda 138
montmorillonitic 334
net allowable soil pressure 272
net ultimate soil pressure for piers 278
normally loaded 61 66 73 290 292
open cut 461ff
organic 7 22 27
overconsolidated 61 63 67 73 93 98
290 292
Paulding 136
penetration resistance 114
penetration tests 115
permeability 43
pier design 277ff
preloaded 61 63 67 73 93 98
290 292
progressive lateral movement 301
quick 20 137
raft on 276ff
remolded 59 162
residual 155
resistivity of 120
sensitive 20 290
settlement 265 286ff
shear strength 97 102
skin friction on p ers 281
slickensides 297
soft 91 242
soft ning 170
stability f slopes 98 170 297ff 300 305
static capacity of friction piles 283
stiff 236 299
Index Terms
Clay (Cont.)
strength 94 97 102
stress-deformation characteristics 90
swelling 67 195 199
ultimate bearing capacity 270ff
undisturbed 162
undrained strength reduction factor 96
varved 138
Clay-filled joints 151
Clay grouting 181
Clay minerals 10 35 127 155
cation exchange capacity 21
Clay slurry 181 326
Clay-slope stability number 298
Clay structure, disturbance 291
Clay-tile drain 189
Clay till 133
Cleavage, vertical 142
Climate 127
Closed-ended steel pipe pile 208
Coal, anthracite 31
bituminous 31
Coarse-grained soil 4 8 13 27 99 133
Cobbles 153 235
Cobi pile 205
Coefficient, of active earth pressure 419
of compressibility 73
of consolidation 70 294
of curvature 9 28
of e rth press re at rest 417
of passiv earth pressure 419
of permeability 40 43 70 177 326
of secondary consolidation 73
Index Terms
Contact moisture 48
Contact pressure 351
on clay 277
Continental glacier 129
Continental deposit 144 146
Continuous back drain, retaining wall 247
Continuous footing 185
Continuous sample 164
Contraction during shear 126
Contraflexure, point in sheetpile bulkhaed 453 456
Control observations 196
Control of compaction 198ff
Controlled blasting 370
Controlled fill 193
Core 165 212
see also Rock core
Core barrel 109 111 112 164
double tube 111
shot 117
single tube 111
triple tube 111
Core catcher 108 109
Core drill 109
Core lifter 111
Correction factor for water table in sand 313
Corrosion of steel pile 208
Coulomb, earth press re theory 420
equation 87 417
Counterfort retaini g wall 246
Cracks in soil 19 20 30 93 159 177
Cracking, pre st concrete pile 218
Creep 95 341
Creosoted timber pile 204
Index Terms
D
Dacite 31
Damage due to adjac nt construction 254ff
due to future construction 259
due to swelling and shrinking 332 339 340
to p int of pil 208
Damp proofing 189ff
Darcy’s law 39 51
Dead load on pier 341
Deadman 448 452
Index Terms
Drainage (Cont.)
surface 128
time required by pumping 326
well 180
Drainage methods 181ff
Drainage pattern, see Airphoto pattern
Drained angle of internal friction 90
Drained test 88 97 101
Dredge bulkhead 448
Dredge level 448
Dredging 256
of caissons 326ff
wells 234
Drift, glacial 129
Drift plain 130
Drilled pier 230 235ff 243 340 366 368
belling 239ff
bottom cleaning 241
casing 241
concreting 240
conditions for success 242
danger of gas 241
excavation 237ff
inspection 241
lateral displacement 341
lining 241
pulling casing 240ff
in stiff clay 292
use of telltales in concreting 242
vert cality 241
Drill hole pat n for blasting 369
Drilling, cable tool 106
percussion 106 109
Index Terms
E
Earth pr ssure 414 417ff
active 385 418
against flexible support 448
at rest 417
charts for retaining wall 424ff
Index Terms
Excess pressure 68
hydrostatic 40
porewater 53 70 96 195 269
Expansion 126
Expansive soil 79 346
Exploration, detailed 164
geophysical 122 153
preliminary 163
program 163ff
resistivity 120
seismic 118
soil 103ff 129 163ff 236
Exploratory boring 103ff
Exploratory program, 103ff 163ff
Explosive gases, drilled pier 241
Extrasensitive clay 20 65 66
F
Fabric of rock 30 32
Fact-finding survey 163
Factor, bearing capacity, see Bearing capacity
factor capacity (concrete design) 375 378
load (concrete design) 375 379
safety 265 271 277 301 335
Failure, bearing capacity, see Bearing capacity
failure
of anchored bulk ead 448
modes of (concrete design) 376
plane 84
by s our 325
of slop 225
wedge 420
Falling head permeameter 41
Fargo elevator 304
Index Terms
Footing (Cont.)
reinforced concrete 185 186
reinforcement 377
rubble-stone 185
on sand 307ff
above clay layer 352
bearing capacity 309ff
design 311ff
proportioning 308
settlement 308ff
water table influence 312
settlement 290ff
spread 185
steel I-beam 185
subject to moment 384ff
trapezoidal 01 404
types 185 186ff
unsymmetrical 392
wall 185 186 375ff
Footing drain 189ff
Footing foundation 185ff
see also Foundations
Formula, pile 202
Fossil 149
Foundation, compensated 291
on clay 269ff 286ff
on collapsible soi 334ff
on compacted fill 193ff
depth 270
foot ng 185ff
grillage 185 187
load 289
mat 185ff 188 400ff
Index Terms
G
Gabbro 31
Gap grading 5 9 66
Geologic classification of rock 32
Geologic processes 125
Geologic terminology 126
Geology 29 120 122 127 129 159
Geophysical investigation 118ff 122 153
George Washington Bridge 228
Georgia 153 154
Glacial deposit, see Deposit, glacial
Glacial epoch 125
Glacial ice 64
Glacial lake 139
Glaciation 125 129ff
Glacier 126 129
Glass, volcanic 31
Gneiss 31 32 100 127
Gothenberg 363
Gouge, see Fault gouge
Gradation 5 9
Grade beam 203 204 340
Graded filter 49
Gradient, hydraulic 40 45 47 68
pressure 40
Grain elevator 335
Grain properties 8 10
Grain size 8 311
distribu ion 8 9 25
effective 9 30 48
requirement for filter 49
Grains, crushing of 66 83
Index Terms
Grout (Cont.)
chemical 182
slush 365
Grouted anchor 468
Grouting 181 200 237 242 366
cement 182
chemical 182
clay 181 182
Guadalupe Shrine 58
Gypsum 31 32 153
H
Hackensack, N. J. 100
Hammer, pile, see Pile hammer
Hammer cushion 210
Hammerhead pier shaft 245
Hand carved sample 112 117 121
Hand excavated pit 230
Hand-held pneumatic tamper 197
Hard driving, piles 208
Hawaii 126 154 156 157 158
Head, hydraulic 40 47
piezometric 39 47
position 39
velocity 45
Header pipe 178
Heave, due to excava ion 256 291 348
of desiccated clay 346
due to pile driving 212 258 304
Height o capillary rise 47ff
Helical aug r 104
Hennepin, Ill. 306 384
Heterogeneous deposit 293
Holland 258 296 323
Index Terms
I
I-beam grillage footing 185
Ice lenses 50
Idaho 100
Igneous rock 31 32 368
seismic veloc ty 120
Illinois 9 129 131 133 134 139
141 142 160 306 384
Illite 10 11 21
Index Terms
Internal friction 90
Investigation, subsurface 103ff
Ion, adsorbed 21
Ion exchange 21 35
Iowa 143 145 146 346
Iroquois moraine 129
Irregular deposit 353ff
Iron 159
Isochrome 68
Isolated footing 185
Istanbul 444
Iwan auger 104
J
Jackson County, Ill. 139
Jack pile 252
Jacking of piles 252
Jet-eductor 178 179
Jetting of piles 212
John Hancock Building, Chicago 365
Joint 19 20 30 44 98 99
149 152 153 177 361 370
in abutment at wing wall 439
clay-filled 151
in clay 297
columnar 32
in rock 361 362 364
relict 154
K
Kame 135
Kansas 335
Kansas City 230
Kaolinite 10 21
Index Terms
Karst 152
Kern 387
Kicker block 463
L
Lacustrine deposit 79 126 135 138 139 145
348
Lagging 171 172 230 471
Lake Agassiz 135 138
Lake Bonneville 138
Lake Chicot 146 148
Lake Michigan 147 150
Lake, Oxbow 145
Laminated deposit 145
Laminated rock 30
Land form 128
Landslide 341
Lateral displacement, in clay 301ff
of drilled pier 341
of pile 324
Lateral load on pile 213 225ff 227 324
Lateral movement 174 258
due to pile driving 212 304
of excavation walls 463
Laterite 155
Laterization 155 157 159
Lattice structure 10
Layered deposit 135
Lead, pile driving 209
Leakage cofferdam 232
Leaching 127 137 155
Leda clay 138
Legal importance of field observations 258
Lenticular deposit 353
Index Terms
M
Magmatic water 127
Mandrel 181 205 207 219
Manganese 159
Manhattan schist 360
Map, pedologic 128
Marathon, Ont. 9 135
Marble 31 100
Marina City 304
Marine soil 126
Marsh deposit 134 147
Masonry footing 185
Maskinongé River 138 139
Index Terms
N
Natural levee 145
Natural water content 23
Nebraska 142 143
Needle beam 251 252
Negative pore pressure 88 96 325
Negative skin friction 226 285 305 322 323 336
462
Net soil pressure 378
allowable 272 320
ultimate 271 278 310
Netherlands 115
Neutral stress 44
Nevada 100
New Hampshire 131
New Jersey 100 192 360
New York 100 137 151 173 330 366
367
Thruway 151
Nonplastic silt, foundation on 307ff
Nonuniform soil, slopes in 354ff
Normally loaded clay 61 66 73 90 290 292
North Carolina 155 158
Norway 28 161
Norwegi n Geote hnical Institute 268
Notched-wall shoring 251
Nuclear density meter 17
Nuclear moisture meter 17
Index Terms
O
Oahu 154 156
Oakland, Cal. 358
Observational method 166 196 446
Observation well 42 237
Odor 7
Oedometer test 59
double 337
Ohio 131 137 138
Oklahoma 337
Ontario 9
Open caisson 2 4ff
dredged 243
sand island 234
Open cut 172 174 178 456ff
base failure in clay 461
embedment of piles 462
in clay 461ff
lateral movement 463
settlement 463
sheeting design 463
strut loads 459ff 462
tieback system 466ff
Open-end diesel hammer 209
Open excav tion 169ff
Optimum moistur content 15 18 195 198
Oregon 100
Organic matter 127
Organic soil 7 27 78 164 195
clay 7 22
Index Terms
P
Pacific Coast Range 147
Paired consolidation test 334
Parapet wall 441
Parent material 127 128
Partially saturated soil, streng h 99
Particle, angular 66
crushing of 83
plate-shaped 66
rounded 66
shape 5
size 8
see also Grain size
size distribution 8 25
for filter 49
Index Terms
Permeability (Cont.)
of clay 43
of delta deposits 146
of flood plain deposits 145
of glacial till 43
of gravel 43
of inorganic silt 43
of organic silt 43
of rock 44 151
of sand 43
of silt 43
of stratified deposits 43
of till 43
Permeability test 41 56
constant head 41
falling head 41
Pervious blanket 180
Philadelphia, Pa. 228
Photography, aerial, see Airphoto
Phyllite 31
Physical weathering 125
Physico-chemical changes 137
Physico-chemical properties of soil 35
Physiography 159
Pier 203 229 243 256 335 368
allowable load 281
belled 239ff
below water table 326
bridge 244ff 385 395
in c ay 277ff
construc i n 229ff 244 262
dead load 341
defective 241
Index Terms
Pier (Cont.)
double-shafted 245
drilled, see Drilled pier
large diameter 231
on rock 363
on sand 321ff
settlement 292
on swelling clay 343
tensile forces in 340
Pier shaft 229 244ff
Pierre, S. D. 332
Pierre shale 332
Piezometer 39ff 118 119 195 196
Piezometric head 39 47
Piezometric level 39 47 51 174
Piezometric tube 39 47
Pike’s Peak 100
Pile 203 335 336 368
adhesion 214
anchor 214 448
Armco 205
auger 206
batter 203 204 225 226 302 430
432ff 448
bearing in dense sand 322ff
behavior 212ff
bending strength 302
Bruns 206
buckling 213
capacity 215 218 225 323
cased 205
cast in place 205 206 213
capacity 282
Index Terms
Pile (Cont.)
choice of type 225
in clay 281ff
progressive movement 302
reduction factor for adhesion 286
uplift resistance 286
cluster 215ff 283 291 329
concrete 205ff 213 219
compaction 200 323ff
composite 209
creosoted 204
critical section 213
cushion 210 219ff
cushion block 220
cylindrical pipe 224
damage to point 208
decay 204
downdrag 226 285
driver 209ff
dynamic analysis 223ff 323
efficiency 292
end bearing, load test 215
extractor 212
footing 379
moment on 392ff
formula 202 216 217 227 282
defects 217
Engineering News 217
found tion 188 203ff 216 286
ateral lo d 225ff
freeze 207 223ff 323 325
Franki 206 209 324
friction 212ff 281
Index Terms
Pile (Cont.)
load test 215
increase of capacity with time 283
settlement in clay 291ff
group 215ff 283 291 329
moment of inertia 393
safe load 285
H 172
steel points 363
hard driving 208
head assembly 219
heave 212 30
horizontal load 225 432
impedance 218ff
installation 209ff
lateral displacement 324
lateral support 213 227
leads 209
load, allowable 383
ultimate 215
load test 214ff 224 227 283 284 324
325
interpretation 215
long-time 292
negative skin friction 226 285 305 323
overdriving 363
parallel sided 214
pipe 208
point bearing 212ff 216 281
safe load in clay 284
settl ment in clay 292
precast concrete 205ff
cracking 218
Index Terms
Pile (Cont.)
driving stresses 207
rate of settlement in clay 294
Raymond step-taper 205
redriving test 225 285ff 292
reduction coefficient on adhesion 282
relaxation 223 325
resistance to penetration 224 281ff 285
roughness 330
safe load 281ff 285ff
in sand 322ff
uplift resistance 325
scour prevention 325
seismic velocity 218
settlement 226
sheet 171ff
see also Sheet pile
in silt 324ff
skin friction 213 216 223 291
soldier 172 292
spacing 284
spotter 209
spudding 212
steel 207ff 219
corrosion 208
H, point reinforcement 208
H, stresses 207
pipe 207ff
sheet 171ff
working tresses 213
stres 223
stress-transmission characteristics 219
subject to tension 394
Index Terms
Pile (Cont.)
support for retaining wall 428
taper 213 324 330 452
timber 203ff 219 363
tip, precast concrete 214
transmission of driving stress 218
types 203ff
ultimate capacity 222
uncased concrete 205
uplift 225
velocity of wave propagation 218
verticality 209
Wakefield 231 448
wave analysis 218ff 227
wood 203ff 219 363
sheet 231
working load 207
Z 244
Pile bent 225ff 248
Pile driving 195 209ff 257 304
cause of displacement 258
cause of vibration 323
dynamics 216ff 222
equipment 209
lateral movement due to 212
resistance 212 223
stress transmission 218
with vibatory equipment 209 211
wave nalysis 218ff 227
Pile hammer 209ff 219 220
closed-ended diesel 209
Delmag 210
diesel 211
Index Terms
Prestressing (Cont.)
bracing 463
piles 207
struts 174
Prewetting by flooding 342
Primacord 369
Primary consolidation 72 73
Primary structure 18
Principal stress 84
Principle of effective stress 68
Proctor test 14 15 94 342
standard 15 18 198
Profile, soil 126 127
of deposition 126
pedological 127
of weathering 126 153
Progressive movement in clay 301
bridge piers 301
piles 302
Properties, index, see Index properties
Puerto Rico 126
Pulling casing, drilled pier 241
Pulling test, pile 282
Pullman, Wash. 100
Pull-rise curve, pile 282
Pumice 31
Pump, deep well submersib e 180
Pumping 64
test 42 164 326
well 42
Q
Q-test 92ff
Quarry blasting 369
Index Terms
R
R-test 88ff 91 97
Racking of pile hammer 211
Raft, allowable soil pressure 319
on clay 276ff
compensated 188
flat-slab analogy 406
flexible 412
loads 188
on sand 3 8ff
hydrostatic uplift 320
stiff 412
stiffened 188
Raft foundation 152 185ff 188 400ff
compensated 277
design 405ff
differential settlement 320
rigid frame 188
settlement 291 293
stiffened 188
Rail grillage 185 187
Raker 170 172 174 251 463 464
Rankine earth pre sure theory, see Earth Pressure
Rankine state, act ve 418 459
Rate of consolidation 68ff
of loading 95
of secondary consolidation 73 296
of settlement 68ff 81 195
Index Terms
Repetitive loading 95
Report, engineering 165
Representative sample 107 108 163
Residual boulder 153
Residual clay 155
Residual soil 153ff 333
collapsible 335
consolidation characteristics 65
Resistance, cone 115
penetration, see Penetration resistance
shearing 214
uplift 384
Resistance diagram of pile 224 285
Resistivity survey 120
Resonance 327
Resonant pile driver 212
Retaining wall 246ff 385 414ff
backfill 247
base width 415
cantilever 246 247 415 427
continuous back drain 247
counterfort 246
crib 246ff
damage due to overcompa tion 197
earth-pressure charts 424 425
gravity 246 415
monolithic 247
pile-support d 428
pressu e again t base 425
rock supported 426
semi-gra ity 246 415
sliding resistance 426
soil-supported 426
Index Terms
Rock (Cont.)
metamorphic 31 32 368
mineralogy 32
permeability 44 151
pier, design 363
quality 112 150
resistivity 120
sampling 122
sedimentary 31 32 151 367
seismic velocity 120
settlement on 361
solubility 30
solution features 152
see also Solution
splitting 370
strength 99
of intact 30
structural features 370
tangent modulus 100
texture 32
unconfined compressive strength 30
volcanic 154
weathered 153ff
weathering 368
Rock flour 5 9 153
Rock mechanics 36
Rock quality designat on 112
Rock salt 31 32 153
Rocky Mountains 146
Roller, pneumatic tired 195 197 200
sheepsfo t 196 197 200
vibratory 196 200 330
Roothole structure 142
Index Terms
S
S-test 88 97
Safe load, on friction pile 281ff
on group of piles 285 286
on piles in clay of increasing stiffness with
depth 2 5ff
on point-bearing piles 284 322ff
Safe soil pressure 271 276
Safety factor 266
St. Lawrence River 78 138
St. Lawrence Valley 334
St. Thuribe, Que. 137
Salt 153
Salt Lake, Utah 138
Sample 102
auger 106
continuous 164
hand carved 117 121
representativ 107 108 163
spoon 107
tube 147 164
undisturbed 107 108 163 164
Sampler, piston 109 121
split barrel 108 164
Index Terms
Sand (Cont.)
loose 66 88 214 308
penetration resistance 114 146
permeability 43
piers on 321ff
piles in 322ff
quick condition 326
resistivity 120
seismic velocity 120
settlement 265 308
due to vibration 327ff
shear strength 87 97
slope 170 325
strength 97 99
stress-strain relations 85
strut load, open cut 459ff
undisturbed sample 109
uniform 66
well graded 66
wind blown 141ff
Sand cone method 16
Sand drain 180ff 195
Sand island caisson 234
Sandstone 31 100
seismic velocity 120
Saprolite 153 369
Saturated unit weight 13 17 18
Saturation, degree 12 17 18 47
Scandinavia 65 138 334
Schist 31 32
Schistosity 153 370
Scour 245
of bridge pier 330
Index Terms
Scour (Cont.)
depth 325
use of piles to prevent 325
Seattle First National Bank 472
Secondary consolidation 73 195
coefficient 73
rate 73 296
Secondary structure 19 116 269 270
Sectional precast concrete pile 206
Sedimentary rock 31 32 15 367
Sedimentation 8
Seepage 51ff 235
force 177
line of 47 55
pressure 39 46 49 51 177 180
182 451
Segregation 41 50
of concrete 240
Seismic survey 118
Seismic velocity 119 120
in pile 218
Semi-arid climate 65 334
Semi-gravity retaining wall 246 247 415
Sensitive clay 20 290
consolidation characteristics 64
penetration test 115
Sensitivity 20 137 139
Serpentine 31 151
Settlement 58 59 62 67 166 173
174 187 195 252 256 258
264 269 270 284 307 334
335 350 351
adjacent to open cut 463
Index Terms
Settlement (Cont.)
of anchor rods 455
on clay 265
computation 62 290
deep seated 194ff 199
differential 188 193 254 319
due to, defects in rock 361
excavation 255
lowering water table 257
vibration 257 327ff
effect, of water table fluctuation 257
on structures 266
on erratic deposit 292ff
of footing 290ff
on clay 291
on sand 308ff
forecast, reliability 290
of foundation 290ff
underlain by clay 286ff
of friction piles in clay 291ff
of pier in clay 292
of pier on sand 322
of piles 216 226 292
of raft foundation 291 293
on sand 265
rate 68ff 81 195
piles in clay 294
Settlement plate 195 196
Settlement time cu ve 71
Shaft, in pection 116
Shaking test 5
Shale 31 136 363 368 369
deterioration 363
Index Terms
Shale (Cont.)
seismic velocity 120
swelling 67
Shallow excavation 169
Shape of particle 5
Shear, critical section (concrete design) 376
granular mass 81ff
pore pressure during 90
test, direct 83
zone 30 99 1 9 151 366 370
Shear apparatus, vane 116
Shearing resistance 170 21
clay 97 102
direct measurement 116
dry sand and gravel 87
gravel 87 97
mylonite 152
sand 97
silt 97
undrained 80 269
unsaturated soil 94
Shearing strength, see Shearing res stanc
Sheepsfoot roller 196 197 200
Sheet pile 173
arch web 171
cutoff 51
design for, bulkh ad 452
open cut 463
flat w b 171
splined 231
steel, typ 171
tongue and groove 231
Wakefield 231
Index Terms
Silt (Cont.)
plastic 5 290
foundations on 269ff
resistivity 120
seismic velocity 120
shear strength 97
skin friction on pier 281
stress-deformation characteristics 90
wind blown 141ff
Silty clay, strength 94
Siltstone 31 100
Single acting steam hammer 209
Single grained structure 19
Single tube core barrel 111
Single wall cofferdam 232 244
Sinkhole 30 32 152 153 257 366
Skin friction 216 279 284 291 292
pier 280 281
pile 213 223
Slaking 50
Slate 31 32
Slickenside 19 20 30 93 98 152
272 297 339 340 343
Slide 169
flow 138 139
Sliding of retaining wall 426
Slope 128 169 177
clay 170 299
construction 169
criti al heigh in clay 299
in homog neous soft to medium clay 298ff
in stiff clay 98 299ff
Slope circle 298
Index Terms
Soil (Cont.)
see also Exploration, soil
fine grained 4 5 8 13 27
strength 90ff 99
gap graded 9
glacial 126
heave 348
horizon 127
lacustrine 126
lime treated 200 346
marine 126
normally loaded 61 73
organic 7 78 164 195
partially saturated strength 99
physico-chemical properties 35
poorly graded 9 27
preloaded 61
profile, see Profile, Soil
remolded 23
residual 65 126 153ff
collapsible 335
sampling 122
saturated strength 97
series 127
shrinkage 343
solidification 181
stabilization 182
strength, see Shearing r sistance
stress train relations 59 81
swamp 27
transport d 126
tropical weathering 156
types 4
Index Terms
Soil (Cont.)
uniform 9
well graded 9 27
Soil pressure, allowable 186ff
distribution beneath footing 396
net 378
allowable 272
ratt on sand 318ff
safe 271
Soil survey 128 164
Soldier pile 172
design 463
Solidification of soil 181
Solubility of rock 30
Solum 127
Solution 126 153 165
cavity 44
channel 125
features 149 367
of rock 152
of rock salt 32
Sounding 102
South Africa 346
South Dakota 332
Spacing of piles 285
Specific gravity 13
of solid constitue ts 12
Spheroidal weathering 154 157
Spill-through abutments 248
Splined heet pile 231
Split barrel s pler 108 164
Spread footing 185
Spring 257
Index Terms
T
Tagus River Bridge 234 243
Tampa, Fla. 359
Tamper, hand-held compacting 197
Tangent modulus, initial 86
Taper, pile 213 214 324 330
T-beam stiffened raft 188
Telltale 292
in drilled pier 242
Tensile force in pier 340
Tensile wave in pile 218
Tension, diagonal (c ncrete
design) 376
Tension pile 394 452
Tension n soil 82
Teredo 204
Terminal moraine 129ff
Termite 204
Terra rossa 154
Index Terms
U
U-abutment 248
Ultimate bearing capacity 276 351
clay 270ff
footing on sand 310
friction pile 283
net 271
pile 215 222 282
skin friction, pie 280
see also Bearing apacity
Uncased concrete pile 205
Franki 205
Unconfined compression test 19ff 92
Unconfined compressive strength 19 272 361
rock 30 100
Underpinning 58 251 252 295
Index Terms
V
Vacuum well point 179
Valley, buried 139
deposit 145
Vancouver, B. C 78 305
Vancouver Island 131
Vane 98 113 116 122 164
test 92 96 164 270
Varved clay 138
Varved deposit 135
Vegetative cover 128
Velocity, discharge 40
of longitudinal wave in pile 218
seismic 119 120
Velocity head 45
Venezuela 358
Vermiculite 341
Vermont 100
Vertical cleavage 142
Verticality, of drilled pier 241
of pile 209
Vertical joint 364 365
Vertical pressure, computation 287ff
influence chart 288ff
Vertical movements 174
Vibration, due to pile driving 323
of concrete 240
effect on, settlement 257
sand 327ff
Vibrating pl te ompactor 197
Vibratory pile driver 209 211
Vibratory roller 196 200 330
Vibroflotation 195 200 327
Index Terms
Victoria, B. C. 305
Virgin consolidation line 60
Virginia 100 305
Visual classification 107
Void ratio 11 13 17 18 60
critical 86
in densest state 13
in loosest state 13
Volcanic deposit 139
Volcanic glass 31 156
Volcanic rock 154 156
Volume change 85 9 333
damage due to 332
Volume compressibility 70
coefficient 73
Vulcan pile hammer 210
W
Wagoshance Lighthouse 262
Wakefield sheeting 231 448
Wale 170 171 174 231 467
crippling 456 461
design 463
stiffeners 463
Wall, anchor 448
parapet 441
retaining 385
Wall footing 185 186 375ff
reinforc men 377
Wall friction, ang e 423
Wash boring 104
Washington 100 142 143
Water, in drilled pier 240
Index Terms
X
X-ray analysis, diffra tion 10
Y
Yugoslavia 161
Z
Z-pile 244
Zero air voids 12 18
Index Terms