Aec1 Chapter 1
Aec1 Chapter 1
Aec1 Chapter 1
At the dawn of agriculture, about 8000 B.C., the population of the world was
approximately 5 million. Over the 8,000-year period up to 1 A.D. it grew to 200
million (some estimate 300 million or even 600, suggesting how imprecise population
estimates of early historical periods can be), with a growth rate of under 0.05% per With the increase of commercial farms, family farms drastically decrease. It is the
year. role of agricultural extension to provide farmers in rural areas access to information
on effective farming for maximized productivity.
A tremendous change occurred with the industrial revolution:
- around 1800 for world population to reach 1B, the second billion was achieved in Globalization
1930, the third billion in 1960, the fourth billion in 1974, and the fifth billion in 1987. Globalization is the free exchange of goods, services and people between nations. It
During the 20th century alone, the population in the world has grown from 1.65 is the result of opening up of economic borders for countries across the world,
billion to 6 billion. thereby increasing international trade and cultural exchange resulting to both
In 1970, there were roughly half as many people in the world as there are now. positive and negative effects.
Because of declining growth rates, it will now take over 200 years to double again. This means that imported goods and services become more accessible and
available to domestic markets while local producers could offer their products and
PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE services to an expanded market.
However, for less competitive sectors such as agriculture, unhealthy competition
The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased by 6.2 percent in 2018. may result from globalization leading to a collapse of smaller farms and
The Gross Value Added (GVA) in the agriculture and fishing sector recorded a 0.8 agribusinesses.
percent increment during the year. This sector contributed 8.1 percent to the GDP. In simple terms, globalization is the process by which people and goods move easily
Agriculture grew by 0.59 percent in 2018. across borders. Principally, it's an economic concept – the integration of markets,
Gains in production were noted in livestock and poultry while declines in outputs trade and investments with few barriers to slow the flow of products and services
were registered in crops and fisheries. between nations.
CROPS Transnational Life Science Companies
Major crops: Rice, corn, and coconut are some of the major contributors to the GVA These are conglomerations of corporations that integrate research, development,
of the AFF sector. Rice alone constitutes around 20% of the sector's GVA. and marketing practices to produce and sell innovative agricultural chemicals, seeds,
drugs, and other genetic technologies related to medicine.
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY Because of this, “some argue that there has been a power shift from public sector
The livestock and poultry subsector is another significant contributor, accounting for dominance to private sector hegemony.
around 12% of the GVA. Poultry production, particularly chicken and eggs, has
shown strong growth in recent years. Expansion of the Biofuel Industry
Continuing increase in fossil fuel prices resulted in the expansion of the bioenergy
FISHING AND AQUACULTURE industry. This has brought positive and negative effects to agricultural sector. One
While facing challenges, fishing and aquaculture still contribute around 13% to the example is that farmers consider it as additional source of income for markets
GVA of the AFF sector. Efforts are being made to improve sustainability and saturated by agri-food products. However, instead of utilizing agricultural lands to
productivity in this subsector. converted into bioenergy fuel. Corn ethanol is the first phase of agriculture’s
entrance into the energy industry. Extension workers play a positive role in this world’s greenhouse gas emissions. To deliver more food with less and cleaner
expanding industry as they impart knowledge on all stages of biofuel production. energy, food and agriculture systems will gradually need to decouple from fossil fuel
dependence, and embrace renewable energy sources.
Sustainable Agricultural Development
SDG 8 – Decent Work and Economic Growth
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all.
While the agriculture sector in the Philippines employs a third of the labour force,
farmers and fishers often generate the lowest wages and suffer from erratic income
flows. FAO’s role in improving rural agricultural livelihoods is therefore crucial in
achieving inclusive development in the countryside