7.dewatering 60

HW of Sikta I.P. (SIP) HW of Rani Jamara Kularia I.P.
(RJKIP)
QC Er. Jagadiswar M. Shrestha

[email protected]
1st Falgun, 2077
DEWATERING
 Artificial means of removing excess groundwater

from the soil for favorable condition for any
construction
 Number of well – established techniques have
been developed to lower the groundwater table
during excavation.
 The geology, groundwater conditions, and type of
excavation all influence the selection of
dewatering technology.
Planning Dewatering Operation
 Dewatering can become costly.
 In general, dewatering is mostly the responsibility of

the contractor who selects the dewatering method
and is responsible for its design and operation.
 A comprehensive assessment of the potential

magnitude of dewatering problems should be
conducted to identify and develop management
strategies.
 Providing the item in BoQ without proper assessment

of dewatering, it may great variation in the contract
which may obstruct to whole contract.
The Assessment must include :
 Define the commencement date, duration, anticipated
quantity and frequency of discharge.
 Assessment of seasonal changes of water flow, water
table levels and water quantities
 Seasonal water level have to be recorded by observing near by
existing well or digging
 Notify any local residents likely to be effected during
dewatering.
 Also the discharge of water to the environment should
not cause any detrimental effects.
DEWATERING METHODS
1. Sump method, - common.
2. Well Point method, -rare.
3. Deep Well method, - very rare.
4.Freezing method, - Only in special cases

Preparedness of Dewatering
 Suitable method should be decided depending upon
the type of foundation, magnitude of dewatering,
availability of dewatering plants and equipment, and
field conditions.
 Diesel and electric centrifugal pumps and electric

submersible pumps of various capacities are available
along with suction and delivery pipes.( used in sump
dewatering).
1. Sumps
 Most commonly used
system.
 Simple.
 Involves excavation of a
temporary pit and
installation of sumps
within the excavation,
from which water
entering the excavation
can be pumped out.
SUMPS continued…
 Best suited for shallow excavations in stiff clay, gravel
and boulder mixed soil and rocky foundations where
cut slope remains stable during dewatering.
 Not generally be considered where the groundwater
head must be lowered for great depths
 The number and location of sump pits depends upon
 Volume of water to be pumped out
 Capacity of pump and discharge pipe positioning.
 Design not required for the sump, but the cut slopes
should be such that slips don’t occur which may bury
and clog the head of suction pipe.
 The sump size should be big enough to hold enough
water to keep the suction head of the pump below
water level most of the time.
 The bed of the sump is kept a little below the level of

excavation for the structure so that all the water in the
excavated area flow into it.
 A basket is kept at the center of the sump pit for

holding the head of the suction pipe.
 A more sophisticated method of maintaining the

suction head free of clogging is to use a perforated
pipe which is wrapped with wire mesh and geo textile.
2. Well Point Dewatering
 A wellpoint dewatering system is the most versatile
form of lowering water levels in excavations, creating a
dry and stable working environment.
Double point
Dewatering
Submersible pumps (10”&8” dia)
4" Construction 3" Jetting Pump with
De‐Watering Bottom 34 KW
Suction Pump Diesel Engine
 The well point system is
suitable for many types of
civil works such as:
 Excavations for basements
and foundations of
Buildings
 Foundations of Bridges &

Underground tanks
 Excavations and lining

works for canals and
channels etc.
 The construction steps in
the well point system.
 The well points are
jetted into the ground;
 The annular void is

filled with filter media;
 The well point is

connected to a header
pipe by means of a riser;
 The header pipe is

connected to suction
pumps for pumping.
Well Point system of dewatering
used in Nepal
 Bridges over Koshi Western Main Canal in
Saptari District.
Failure
 In one of the above bridge foundation. the thin
impervious layer of soil just below the foundation was
punctured by well points releasing artisan water, greatly
increasing dewatering problem.
0:0:27
Sinking of well
Compressed Air
 Dredging and sinking

can be done by air
lifting method by
using compressor
20
Cofferdam
 Generally constructed to protect from flowing water and
for the safety from flood
 A temporary, wall-like structure to permit dewatering an
area and constructing foundations, bridge piers, dams, dry
docks, etc.
 Dewatered area can be completely surrounded by a
cofferdam structure or by a combination of natural earth
slopes and cofferdam structure.
 The type of construction is dependent upon the depth, soil
conditions, fluctuations in the water level, availability of
materials, working conditions desired, and whether the
structure is located on land or in water.
 Hydraulic analysis of seepage conditions, and erosion of
the bottom should be considered in design of cofferdam.
Cofferdam
Cofferdam
Sheet Piling
Power
of
Sheet
Piling
Sheet Piling
Phase-wise construction of HW(SIP)
29
Proposed Cofferdam (SIP)
Overview of the H/W Construction Site (SIP)
H/W Axis
Coffer
Dam
Starting of Cofferdam as per schedule (SIP)
Closing of Cofferdam
Temporary Bridge
Pump setting for dewatering (SIP)
Sumpwell (SIP)
36
Deepest level 11m of cutoff (SIP)
Whole concreting (167,810m3) had done in dry condition

Right Bank d/s of Karnali Bridge,
Chisapani, Kailali
110)
Types of cofferdam
Cofferdam Section
Cofferdam & Intake Axis
110
110
Sumpwell of RJKIP Intake
Sumpwell of RJKIP Intake
Dewatering from sumpwell to Karnali
Dewatering in Muddy area
Sumpwell at Forebay
End ofIntake
Porforated Pipe insertion before blinding
Pier location in between Sumpwells
Plan & Section of RJKIP Intake
Sump Area
A. Quality Assurance & Quality Control
Pressure Release System
RJKIP Side Intake Construction
Sump Location
Sump 1
Sump 2
Sump 3
Sump Method Dewatering for Bridge
Foundations in Nepal
 Almost all open bridge foundations in Nepal .
 All the bridges in Patlaiya-Dhalkebar section of East-West
Highway except across Bagmati River at Karmaiya, Sarlahi.
 In Kakarvita-Dhalkebar section of the highway, almost all
bridge foundations -RCC wells of maximum 20 meter
depths sunk by mechanical dredgers/clamshells.
 Dewatering from inside the wells were done to help sinking
by lowering the water level in the well.
 Sump method was used in keeping the foundation for the
top raft (well cap) dry where water level in the river bed
above the raft.
 Hilly regions - sump method has been prevalent for open
foundations due to difficulty in driving piles or sinking
wells in rocky soil.
Failure of sump method in some projects
1. Trijuga bridge in Fatehpur in Saptari District.
2. Irrigation Headwork at Manusmara in Sarlahi
District similar to a bridge.
3. Deep wells
 Used to dewater pervious sand or rock formations or to
relieve artesian pressure beneath an excavation.
 Suited for dewatering large and deep excavations .
 Advantages of deep well are they can be installed
around the periphery of an excavation and thus leave
the construction area unencumbered by dewatering
equipment, and the excavation can be pre-drained for
its full depth.
Deep wells
 Similar in type and
construction to commercial
water wells with a diameter of
6 to 24 inches with lengths up
to 300feet and installed with
a filter around the screen.
 This method work best in

soils consisting of sand and
gravel mixtures.
4.Ground Freezing
 More sophisticated and is

used in advanced countries
 The principle of ground freezing is to change the water

in the soil into a wall of ice which is completely
impermeable.
 It is not commonly used in bridge foundation

dewatering.

7.dewatering 60

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HW of Sikta I.P. (SIP) HW of Rani Jamara Kularia I.P.

QC Er. Jagadiswar M. Shrestha

 Artificial means of removing excess groundwater

 In general, dewatering is mostly the responsibility of

 A comprehensive assessment of the potential

 Providing the item in BoQ without proper assessment

2. Well Point method, -rare.

3. Deep Well method, - very rare.

4.Freezing method, - Only in special cases

 Diesel and electric centrifugal pumps and electric

 The bed of the sump is kept a little below the level of

 A basket is kept at the center of the sump pit for

 A more sophisticated method of maintaining the

 Foundations of Bridges &

 Excavations and lining

 The annular void is

 The well point is

 The header pipe is

 Dredging and sinking

Whole concreting (167,810m3) had done in dry condition

 This method work best in

 More sophisticated and is

 The principle of ground freezing is to change the water

 It is not commonly used in bridge foundation

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