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Grammar 5 Answers
Grammar 5 Answers
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Grammar 5 Answers
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Name
Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
2 Add at least one adverbial to the start of each sentence. Use the correct
punctuation..
Out of the silence, we heard a cry.
Suddenly, to his amazement, the dog spoke to him.
In a cloud of smoke, the old car rattled down the road.
Nervously, through the dark streets, Archie followed the man with the tall hat.
Over the meadow, on the edge of a wood, there lived a wise man.
Sentence practice
Write the opening sentence for a story, starting with at least one adverbial..
On a dark and stormy night, in the dim and distant past, a man was travelling
home across the moors.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
Sentence practice
Write three sentences using the main clause below. Start each sentence with a
different subordinate clause..
… she went through the gate.
As it was open, she went through the gate.
While no-one was looking, she went through the gate.
Although she knew it was wrong, she went through the gate. 3
Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
1 Read this direct speech and decide if there is one spoken sentence or two
two..
Then add the missing punctuation..
“ Take care of yourself ,” she shouted .“ Those roads can be dangerous .”
“ We must find the wise man ,” said the chief ,“ and ask him what to do .”
“ You stay here ,” said Arjun ,“ while we go inside .”
“ It’s not my fault ,” Natalie said quickly .“ I was only trying to help .”
“ You should hurry ,” said the ticket inspector ,“ because the train is leaving
in a few minutes .”
2 Complete the sentence spoken by each character and add the punctuation..
“ I’m having a party ,” announced Kayla ,“ and I want you all to come.”
“ I’ve looked everywhere ,” moaned Louie ,“ but I still can’t find my book.”
“ When it stops raining ,” said Sarah , “we will go for a run.”
“ We are going to the cinema ,” explained Lucy ,“ so I have to hurry home.”
“ We should stay here ,” insisted Nisha ,“ or Dad will never find us in this crowd.”
Sentence practice
Freya and Lee are trapped. Write two lines of direct speech,, split up as above,
to show this.
“We must get out of here,” whispered Lee, “before the thieves come back.”
“Good idea,” said Freya. “Let’s get to the door and make a run for it.”
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
2 Complete the boxes so that each sentence is written as direct speech and then
as indirect speech.. Punctuate your answers correctly.
Direct speech Indirect speech
Mrs Shah said, “Everyone go home.” Mrs Shah told everyone to go home.
Sentence practice
Ross tells his mum that he is going to Amit’s house. Write his mum’s reply using
indirect speech..
Mum said that he must be back by six. 5
Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Pronouns
Remember
There are many different types of pronoun but they all have the
same function – they stand in place of nouns or noun phrases.
A man was walking along when he saw something
on the ground – a handful of sparkling beads.
He picked them up. “Well, look at these
these,” he said
to himself
himself. “Someone
Someone must have dropped them
them.”
Try it
2 Rewrite each sentence using pronouns instead of the underlined nouns and
noun phrases.
This workbook is your workbook and that workbook is my workbook.
This is yours and that is mine.
Scott was annoyed with Scott when Scott missed the open goal.
He was annoyed with himself when he missed it.
An unknown person was coming so Anish and I hastily put the letters back.
Someone was coming so we hastily put them back.
Sentence practice
6
Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
1 Which two nouns could the underlined pronoun in each sentence refer to?
If I take the model off the stand, it will be easier to mend it.
model or stand
When the hunters went to catch the stags, they ran away.
hunters or stags
When Dad dropped the computer on his leg, it broke.
computer or leg
I saw her picture in a magazine but now I can’t find it.
picture or magazine
The police told the passengers that they would be there for some time.
police or passengers
2 Now rewrite the sentences above, keeping the pronoun but making clear which
noun it refers to.
It will be easier to mend the model if I take it off the stand.
As soon as they saw the stags, the hunters ran away.
Dad broke his leg when he dropped the computer on it.
I can’t find the picture of her that I saw in the magazine.
The police said that the passengers would be there for some time.
Sentence practice
Write a sentence using the nouns ‘rabbit’ and ‘hat’ and the pronoun ‘it’.
The rabbit disappeared when the magician put it in the hat.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
Sentence practice
Write two different sentences using the verb ‘beat’ with the auxiliary verb
‘have/has’.
United have beaten us three times already this season.
After you have beaten the egg, pour it into the pan.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
2 Rewrite each sentence using the present perfect verb form rather than the
simple past tense.
The house was empty for months. The house has been empty for months.
I forgot my password. I have forgotten my password.
Rewrite each sentence using the past perfect verb form rather than the
simple past tense.
I finished all my homework. I had finished all my homework.
He gave away all his money. He had given away all his money.
Sentence practice
Add two sentences about what had happened, using past perfect verb forms..
Kyle sat down and cried. It had been a disastrous day. At breakfast, he had
dropped the eggs on the floor. Then he had missed the bus.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Standard English
Remember
Non-Standard English is sometimes used in speech, but in writing you should
nearly always use Standard English. Pay attention to pronouns and verb forms,
as these are often confused.
Sam and me was always playing in the park.
Them was great days. (non-Standard English)
Sam and I were always playing in the park.
Those were great days. (Standard English)
Try it
1 Add the correct word to complete each sentence using Standard English..
On Friday morning, Joseph and I tidied the art cupboard. (me I)
We decided to stack those boxes on top of each other. (them those)
It was a funny story that he told us. (what that)
I need my glasses to read the newspaper. (my me)
Mrs Hawkins sent Jude and me to fetch the register. (me I)
There is a lot of wildlife living in those woods. (them those)
Sentence practice
Try it
1 Add the correct word to complete each sentence using Standard English..
Max never told anybody about the argument. (anybody nobody)
You’re not going anywhere until you’ve finished. (nowhere anywhere)
I’ve never seen anything like it before. (anything nothing)
Vasanth didn’t have any brothers or sisters. (no any)
I’m not going to play tennis ever again. (never ever)
Jenny couldn’t find any work at the factory. (no any)
Sentence practice
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Revision 1
1 Insert commas in the correct places in these sentences.
Butterflies , dragonflies , mosquitoes , gnats and
moths are all examples of flying insects.
A spacious living room , modern kitchen and large
dining room can all be found on the ground floor.
Ripe mangoes , figs , sweet potatoes , colourful fabrics and shiny
trinkets were just some of the things on sale at the market.
Mowing the lawn , raking up the leaves and planting the bulbs are
some of the jobs I must do in the garden this weekend.
4 One word in the sentence below uses an apostrophe incorrectly. Underline the
word.
Mrs Neil’s pupils stacked their chair’s by the classroom door.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
10 Label the boxes to show the word class each word belongs to.
She gave a friendly smile.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Writing task 1
What an adventure!
An adventure story starts with these words. Your task is to write the opening
of this adventure story. You should describe the events that follow after the
opening line.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Remember
What an adventure!
“Don’t press the button,” said a voice.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Determiners
Remember
A determiner is the word that comes before a noun or at the start of a noun
phrase. Many different types of words can be used as determiners. They can
tell you whether the noun is known or unknown.
the report this school our pupils two schemes (known)
a car an idea some parents many children (unknown)
Try it
Sentence practice
Try it
1 Underline the expanded noun phrase built around each noun in bold..
The biologist gave a very interesting talk about unusual animals.
A green grass snake with small black markings slithered into view.
We visited several interesting ancient monuments while on holiday in Italy.
Deer have branched antlers with a velvety covering.
From his balcony, he could look out over the golden roofs of the city.
I tried to count the glittering stars in the sapphire sky.
Sentence practice
Write a sentence about an elaborate feast. Use three expanded noun phrases..
On the table were silver plates with spicy morsels, steaming dishes of roasted
partridge in pomegranate juice and towers of the finest exotic fruit from
faraway lands. 17
Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Relative clauses 1
Remember
You can use a relative clause to give more information about a noun
mentioned in a sentence. A relative clause usually begins with a relative
pronoun, such as ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘that’ or ‘whose’.
pronoun
Once, there was a poor king who had a threadbare cloak.
The crown that he wore was made of tin.
In some relative clauses the relative pronoun is missed out.
The crown that he wore was made of tin.
Try it
1 Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Circle the relative pronoun..
Mum has a friend who works at the hospital.
She came to the old brick wall, which ran round the side of the house.
The fish had silver scales that glittered red and gold.
The robins that we see in the garden are quite tame.
We spoke to the man whose house was struck by lightning.
We would like to thank everyone who helped us with our
bake sale.
Sentence practice
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Relative clauses 2
Remember
A relative clause tells you more about a noun
noun. Some relative clauses begin with
‘where’ or ‘when’. You use ‘where’ to refer to places and ‘when’ to refer to times.
At the end of the street, there was a house where no-one ever went.
Try it
1 Use the words ‘where’ or ‘when’ to complete the relative clause in each
sentence.
It was a long walk back to the caravan park where we were staying.
1969 was the year when man first landed on the moon.
We go swimming at the leisure centre where my
mother works.
Today is the day when our cousins arrive back
from Greece.
March is the month when the daffodils start to
grow in my aunt’s garden.
Visit the town of Stratford-upon-Avon where
Shakespeare was born.
2 Rewrite each sentence using a relative clause to add the information shown in
brackets.
It was Monday afternoon. (The hurricane struck on Monday afternoon.)
It was Monday afternoon when the hurricane struck.
This is New Street Station. (We catch the train to London from New Street Station.)
This is New Street Station where we catch the train to London.
There is still a stain on the carpet. (Dad dropped a tin of paint on the carpet.)
There is still a stain on the carpet where Dad dropped a tin of paint.
Sentence practice
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Parenthesis: brackets
Remember
Sometimes extra detail is added into a sentence. This may be something
interesting but not essential to the sentence’s meaning. You use
two brackets to clearly separate the extra information
(or parenthesis
parenthesis) from the main sentence.
Jesse Owens (an American athlete)) won four gold
medals at the 1936 Olympics.
Try it
Sentence practice
Write two sentences about a member of your family. Use brackets to add a
parenthesis to each sentence.
My brother Edward (sometimes called Eddie) wants to be an inventor. He makes
strange gadgets (which usually don’t work) and spends hours drawing diagrams.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
2 Add a parenthesis into the sentence. Use commas or dashes to punctuate it.
The city – which was full of noise and colour – was an exciting place to be.
Mars , the fourth planet of the Solar System, is smaller than Earth.
Gavin – rather surprisingly – won the competition.
The casket , which is made of silver, is now on display in the museum.
Sentence practice
21
Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
1 Underline the adverb in each sentence. Then tick any sentences with adverbs
that show certainty.
The bad weather possibly caused the accident.
I will certainly arrive before the party ends. ✓
I think I could probably swim across the river.
Surely, this will solve the problem. ✓
He was obviously the best singer in the competition. ✓
Perhaps, we will go on holiday in July.
Sentence practice
Write two sentences about why a boy is waving at you, using adverbs to show
different levels of possibility.
The boy clearly wants to catch my attention. Perhaps, he needs my help.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
1 Underline the modal verb in each sentence. Write whether the modal verb
makes it sound certain or possible..
We can get to the top of this mountain. certain
This bridge could collapse at any moment. possible
We must take some sun cream to the beach. certain
There may be a storm overnight. possible
The hero might save the villagers from the
fearsome ogre. possible
You will love the new track from this
popular band. certain
2 Rewrite each sentence using a different modal verb to change the meaning.
He can finish the race. He might finish the race.
We should raise enough money. We will raise enough money.
You could ask an adult to help you. You must ask an adult to help you.
I might have cereal for breakfast. I will have cereal for breakfast.
Sophie might swim 50 metres. Sophie will swim 50 metres.
I must throw a six this time. I may throw a six this time.
Sentence practice
Write three sentences about the future, using modal verbs to show different
levels of possibility.
We might have flying cars. We could be living in space. We will all live longer.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
1 Add a suffix to each noun or adjective to make a verb.. Write the verb.
simple simplify straight straighten
medic medicate pressure pressurise
pure purify electric electrify
captive captivate light lighten
flat flatten active activate
computer computerise equal equalise
Sentence practice
Write a sentence using verbs formed by adding suffixes to the words ‘energy’
and ‘strength’.
Exercise helps to energise you and strengthen your muscles.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
1 Add a prefix to each verb to change its meaning. Then write the meaning of
the new verb.
mis behave means to behave badly
over flow means to flow over the top
dis continue means to not continue or to stop
re consider means to consider or to think again
mis calculate means to calculate wrongly
re pay means to pay back
2 Complete each sentence. Use the underlined verb again but change the prefix..
The magician disappeared but then reappeared somewhere else.
Simply inflate the bouncy castle and then deflate it after use.
Some shops undercharged their customers, while others overcharged.
My teacher says that when you miscount, you should always re-count the items.
You can easily dehydrate in hot weather, so drink water to rehydrate.
Sentence practice
Write three sentences to give instructions for cooking something from the
freezer. Use some verbs with prefixes..
First, defrost the item thoroughly. Do not undercook it or overcook it.
Do not refreeze it once cooked.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Revision 2
1 Write the adverb that can be formed from the adjective.. Then write a
sentence using the adverb you have made.
awkward awkwardly He landed awkwardly when he fell.
desperate desperately She fought desperately against the tide.
urgent urgently We need to speak to the head teacher urgently.
merry merrily Merrily, we strolled along.
3 Complete each sentence with a noun formed from the verb in brackets.
Mum says she needs some rest and relaxation while on holiday. (relax)
I have an important announcement to make. (announce)
The school secretary says we need a paper shredder in the office. (shred)
4 What does the prefix ‘inter–’ mean in the word family below? Tick one
one..
5 What does the root ‘locus’ mean in the word family below? Tick one
one..
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Writing task 2
Read all about it!
You are a news reporter on a local newspaper. Your task is to write a short
news story that will interest your readers. Choose an idea from the headlines
below or use one of your own. You should report what happened in the style of
a newspaper reporter.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Remember
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
Sentence practice
Write two sentences about someone going into a mysterious house. Use one or
more commas in each sentence.
After a quick glance over her shoulder, she put the key in the lock and opened
the door. Quickly, she slipped inside.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
1 Explain how the commas change the meaning in each pair of sentences.
No tickets are available. No, tickets are available.
With the comma, there are tickets available to buy.
Without the comma, there are no tickets available to buy.
Lola was a pretty smart girl. Lola was a pretty, smart girl.
With the comma, Lola is pretty and smart. Without the comma, she is
‘pretty smart’, or quite clever.
Sentence practice
Write two versions of a sentence to show how a comma can change the
meaning.
I ate chocolate cake and sandwiches.
I ate chocolate, cake and sandwiches.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
1 Underline the adverbials that show how each pair of ideas links together.
Outside the cabin, you can enjoy the woodland setting.
Inside, you will find a welcoming fire and everything you need.
To begin with, we will grow vegetables in pots and containers.
After that, we hope to have a small vegetable patch in the school grounds.
First of all, make sure that you have all the necessary safety equipment.
Secondly, check the weather forecast before you set out.
On the one hand, firework displays can be thrilling to watch.
On the other hand, many people are injured by fireworks every year.
2 Plan a piece of non-fiction writing with the title: ‘Water is more precious than
gold’. Write the first sentence for each paragraph,, using adverbials to link
your ideas.
Introduction: Water is definitely more precious than gold.
Firstly, we cannot live without water.
Secondly, water is essential for growing food.
Thirdly, clean water is vital for hygiene and to stop diseases.
Furthermore, industry and manufacturing need water.
In conclusion, I think these reasons show that water is more precious than gold.
Sentence practice
32
Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Try it
1 Underline the adverbials and circle the pronouns that help to link the ideas
between each pair of sentences.
The T-shirt is made of a special fabric that helps to keep you cool. In addition, this is
very hard-wearing.
We have complained many times about the overflowing rubbish bins. They are still
outside our school, however.
Anna Sewell’s only book, Black Beauty, was published in 1878. Soon after that, she
died, without knowing how successful it would be.
We found that children had different opinions about e-readers. Some, for example, liked
the convenience of an e-reader, while others preferred an old-fashioned book.
Sentence practice
Write a paragraph about an idea for an after-school club at your school. Use
adverbials and pronouns to link your ideas together. Write the paragraph on
a separate piece of paper.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
1 Choose the word from the brackets that completes each sentence
using Standard English..
Luckily , she reached the cliff edge just in time. (lucky luckily)
We need to think seriously about this problem. (seriously serious)
He dressed smartly for the occasion. (smart smartly)
The parrot squawked loudly all morning. (loud loudly)
They played well in the first half. (well good)
The deafening roar lessened gradually . (gradually gradual)
2 Rewrite each sentence using the Standard English form of all words.
She done it beautiful. She did it beautifully.
The wind blowed real gentle. The wind blew really gently.
The concert were well good. The concert was very good.
I tries to eat healthy. I try to eat healthily.
It were a fair big mistake. It was a fairly big mistake.
I should have writ the note proper. I should have written the note properly.
Sentence practice
Write a sentence using the adjective ‘terrible’, and a sentence using the
adverb formed from it.
adjective I had a terrible pain.
adverb We played terribly in the second half.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Sentence adverbs
Remember
Adverbs are used to add detail about how, where, when or how
often events happen. However, you can also use adverbs to
add a comment on a whole sentence. These adverbs
are often fronted, or placed at the start of the sentence.
Fortunately Mum was delayed by bad traffic.
Fortunately,
Surprisingly, she didn’t notice the mess.
Surprisingly
Try it
1 Complete each sentence using a suitable adverb from the box. Punctuate it
correctly.
2 Complete each sentence, using the given adverb to comment or add meaning.
Luckily, he had time to get out before the fire spread.
Strangely, he didn’t remember anything about the events.
Obviously, exercise is good for you.
Incredibly, they escaped from the accident unhurt.
Curiously, no-one seems to have heard anything.
Personally, I think this is a really bad decision.
Sentence practice
Write two sentences, one to introduce a problem and one about solving the
problem. Use the adverbs ‘unfortunately’ and ‘fortunately’.
Unfortunately, all the apples fell on to the floor. Fortunately, there were lots of
people to help pick them up.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Word classes
Remember
Some words belong to more than one word class,
class depending on how they are
used in the sentence. For example, ‘before’ can be either a conjunction (before a
clause) or a preposition (before a phrase).
I left before it finished. (conjunction) I left before the end. (preposition)
Similarly, ‘her’ can be either a pronoun or a determiner
determiner.
I see her every day. (pronoun) I see her friend every day. (determiner)
Try it
Sentence practice
Possessives
Remember
A possessive can be a possessive noun (a noun followed
apostrophe s’)
by ‘apostrophe s or a possessive pronoun.
pronoun Possessive
pronouns stand alone instead of a noun.
the planet’s future (possessive noun)
environmentalists’ concerns (plural possessive noun)
the choice is ours (possessive pronoun)
Try it
Sentence practice
37
Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Try it
1 Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Tick the box if the relative
clause refers to the whole clause,, rather than the noun..
There was no-one in the swimming pool, which was weird. ✓
I fed the kittens, which were only a few weeks old.
In August we are going to India, which I am very excited about. ✓
Something startled the creature, which gave Beth the chance to escape. ✓
The painting, which is very old, is above the fireplace in the dining room.
We chose Ethan, which was a mistake, and Evie to complete our team. ✓
2 Add a relative clause that refers to the main clause.. Punctuate each
sentence correctly.
We played our first league game last week , which was very exciting.
The fire is spreading through the forest , which is very worrying.
A wolf howled in the distance , which made the boy shiver.
The house is very old , which makes it an interesting place to visit.
Connor helped the man with his bags , which was very kind of him.
There was a lot of shouting in the garden , which woke the baby.
Sentence practice
Write two sentences about something bad happening. In both sentences, use a
relative clause that refers to events in the main clause..
Jim fell over, which meant he hurt his leg. He couldn’t play football, which really
38 annoyed him.
Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
Conditional sentences
Remember
A conditional sentence is a sentence in which one thing depends on another.
It has a main clause and a subordinate clause.
clause The subordinate clause starts
with a conjunction such as ‘if’ or ‘unless’, and states the ‘condition’ needed for
the event in the main clause to happen.
We should be there by ten if we leave at nine o’clock.
If the weather is fine, we will do lots of outdoor activities.
The trip will go ahead unless the weather is really bad.
Try it
1 Underline the subordinate clause that gives the condition in each sentence.
If the weather improves, we could visit the coast this weekend.
I won’t set the people free unless you promise to help me.
If we can persuade someone famous to open our summer fair,
lots of people will come.
My little brother won’t go swimming unless I go with him.
If you listen to a lot of loud music, it can damage your ears.
Our planet will not survive unless we take care of it.
Sentence practice
You are going to the beach at the weekend. Write three conditional sentences
about what you might do.
If it is warm, I will swim in the sea. If it is cold, we might go for a walk to keep
warm. We could hire a boat unless it is too expensive.
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Grammar 5 Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation
Revision 3
1 Underline all the pronouns in the sentence.
Dad said I should save up and buy the
game myself if I want it so badly.
2 Underline the pronoun in each sentence and write the nouns they refer to.
All birds have wings, although some cannot fly. birds
All birds have beaks and they use these to find food. birds beaks
Many children love sweets and they often buy them. children sweets
Amy has lost her pen. Tell her if you see it. Amy pen
Sean has a new green jacket. It really suits him. jacket Sean
3 Rewrite each sentence using the past perfect verb form rather than the
simple past tense.
The pond froze overnight. The pond had frozen overnight.
The ship sank in the storm. The ship had sunk in the storm.
I wrote to the council. I had written to the council.
She tore the paper in half. She had torn the paper in half.
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Schofield & Sims Grammar and Punctuation Grammar 5
9 Use the pronouns ‘I’ and ‘me’ to correctly complete the sentences below.
Greg told Belle and me where
he was going.
Katie and I are going to the
cinema after school.
Mum made cheese-and-pickle sandwiches
for Ben and me .
I think Prashin and I might
make a model castle.
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