10 12739-Nwsaes V2i4 5000067210-186444
10 12739-Nwsaes V2i4 5000067210-186444
10 12739-Nwsaes V2i4 5000067210-186444
ABSTRACT
In this study, the effect of polypropylene fiber on the strength
and durability of adobe with ferrochrome addititive is investigated.
For this purpose, 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of polypropylene fiber by
weight of adobe is used instead of straw. The compressive strength
test and disintegration experiment of adobe blocks under water attact
was performed. Besides, tension and mudding experiments were performed
on the soil to be used in the adobe. According to the results of the
experiment, it is observed that there is an increase in the strength
and durability of the adobe compared to those produced with usual
procedures.
Keywords: Adobe, Polypropylene Fiber, Ferrochrome, Straw,
Compression Strength
ÖZET
Bu çalışmada, polipropilen lifin ferrokrom atığı katkılı
kerpicin dayanım ve dayanıklılığı üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu
amaçla kerpiç ağırlığının %0, %5, %10 ve %15’i miktarlarında saman
yerine ikame edilmek suretiyle polipropilen lif kullanılmıştır.
Polipropilen lifli kerpiç bloklar üzerinde basınç dayanımı ve kerpiç
blokların su etkisiyle dağılma deneyleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca kerpiç
blokların üretiminde kullanılan toprak üzerinde çekme ve çamurlaşma
deneyleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre polipropilen
lif ve ferrokrom atığı katkılı kerpiç blokların standard kerpiç
bloklara göre dayanım ve dayanıklılık değerlerinde belirli oranlarda
artmalar tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kerpiç, Polipropilen Lif, Ferrokrom,
Saman, Basınç Dayanımı
e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy
Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
1. INTRODUCTION (GİRİŞ)
As it is known, soil is one of the foremost materials used by
human beings for sheltering. Today most of the people living in the
world are staying in soil made houses. This is because soil as a
structure material can be easily obtained at huge amounts and
structure made of soil is more useful in several aspects than that
made of other materials. Soil structure, in places and periods where
there is no other facility, is used compulsorily. With increase in
prosperity of the public, it has become a material which can be given
up when the conditions allow. Yet, recently social and economic
conditions have again made the useful properties of soil come to fore.
Soil structure provides for construction of house, office and
service buildings with use of ample sources in country in an easy and
efficient way, opportunity for use of customs and traditions of
public, efficient energy saving, lowering the use of materials in
construction sector which are necessary for development to the least,
the dweller with the most convenient living conditions in every
season, benefit form the solar energy with easy and the most efficient
methods, use of every equipment required by the civilization in the
structure. For these reasons, soil structure, today gained the
qualities of “Contemporary Structure”. Certainly, soil structure as
other types of structure, has negative aspects. These aspects may be
totally eliminated or drawn down to the minimum by taking necessary
precautions and applying the provisions [1 and 6].
In the Iran Earthquake, thousands of adobe structures
collapsed, thousands of people were killed. In this earthquake, due to
weakness of adobe (powdering of adobe to dust) the number of deaths
reached serious values. The study, here, also aims at lessening the
powdering of adobe [2].
Adobe is one of the cheap and quick ways of sheltering. It
provides a comfortable life at ultimate level. It is the only material
at minimum cost which does not require foundation of production
facility. It provides the one who builds his or her home with the
opportunity of using his or her capabilities. Mass production is
possible and provides considerable reduction in cost and energy saving
in material production and transportation. It provides the use of own
sources. Construction of house gets easier; offices, coops, and sheds
can be constructed. In the rural areas which are obligatory for
development of agricultural production and handicrafts, it provides
conditions for civilized life. In rural areas, it helps benefit from
known construction techniques and develop it. A building with
sufficient strength can be constructed. Adobe has significant
contributions to prevention of environmental pollution [1, 4, and 6].
Şimşek and Erol, in their study, investigated the reuse of fly
ash produced from thermal power plants, both for preventing
environmental pollution and revealing the mechanical properties of it
in the adobe which is used as a construction material in rural areas.
By weight, 5%, 7%, 10% fly ash, cement and depending on the clay
content of soil 7 kg of straw are mixed and from this mixture adobes
are produced. Compressive strength and water resistance of these
adobes are compared according to their admixtures. From the results it
is seen that adobe with fly ash gave better results that those with
cement and straw [3 and 4].
Kafesçioğlu produced the alker (gypsum plaster adobe) which is
also known as contemporary adobe. In his study he used 100 kg soil, 22
liters water, 2 kg lime and 10 kg gypsum are used to produce alker,
which is mixed in mixer 3 minutes and placed in the form then become
ready to be used in the construction after 20 minutes. It is a water
resistant material. It is observed that with the applied pressure,
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e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy
Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
adobe is two times as strong as brick and concrete. The experts have
the opinion that with these bricks up to 4 floor masonry structures
can be constructed [1].
Balaban and Şen used different admixtures to increase the water
resistance and compressive strength of adobe. The primary stabilizing
admixtures used for this purpose are Portland cement and emulated
asphalt. It is found that the adobe soil with cement and emulated
asphalt, when compressed, depending on the ratio of admixtures, the
resistance of press adobe increases [5].
Potacıoğlu found that addition of cement to adobe material has
increased primarily the compression strength, resistance to water and
durability to freezing. In this way, important superiorities are
obtained compared to very small increase in cost. With this material
important superiorities are obtained in the lifetime of the
structures. With this material, it is stated that there is a
significant increase in the lifetime of structures [5 and 7].
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Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
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e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy
Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
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e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy
Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
35
30 Witness sample
Strength (Kgf/cm2)
25
% 5 Polypropylen added
20 sample
15 % 10 Polypropylen added
sample
10
% 15 Polypropylen added
5 sample
0
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
Samples
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample
1 2 3 4 5 6
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e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy
Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
160 150.4
145.3
138.6
140
Rupture Value (gr/cm3)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
80 72
68
70 65
60
50
Minute
40
30
20
10
0
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
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Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
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e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy
Natural and Applied Sciences, 2, (4), A0037, 265-273.
Yıldız, K. and Gökdemir, A.
KAYNAKLAR (REFERENCES)
1. Kafesçioğlu, R. and Gürdal, E., (1995). Modern Construction
Materials-Çağdaş Yapı Malzemesi-Alker-Adobe with Gypsum.
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources Presidency of Energy
Department, Ankara,
2. Öztekin, M.S., (2005). Lecture Notes on Experiment Setting in
Construction (The Durability of Ferrochrome Adobe). Gazi
University, Ankara.
3. Erol, Ö., (2000). A Research on the Production of Fly Ash Adobe,
in Turkish, Gazi University, Natural and Applied Sciences
Institute, MS Thesis, Ankara,
4. Şimşek, O., Sancak, E., and Fırat, S., (2001). A Research on
Improvement of Properties of Adobe, Turkish Civil Eng. XVI.
Technical Congress and Assemmbly, Ankara.
5. Balaban, A. and Şen, E., (1978). Agricultural Construction
(Basic Principles and Concepts), in Turkish, Ankara,
6. Baradan, B., (1995). Pozzolonic Admixtures for Preserving Adobe
Structures, Symposium of Industrial Wastes Using in Construction
Industry, Ankara, pp:73-79,
7. Postacıoğlu, B., (1964). The Properties of Cementitious Soils
and Their Availability for Use in Residential Construction, The
Ministry of Public Works and Settlement, General Directorate of
Constructive Affairs, Ankara.
8. TS 2514 (1977). Adobe Blocks and Production Methods, Turkish
Standards Institute, Ankara.
9. Çelik, M.H., (1996). Graduate Lecture Notes on Experiment
Setting and Analysis Methods”, Gazi University, Natural and
Applied Sciences, Construction Education Department, Ankara.
10. Armutlu, İ.H., (2000). Applied Statistics in Enterprices,
İstanbul: Alfa Press Delivery.
11. Yurtsever, N., (1984). Experimental Statistical Method, Ankara:
Ministry of Agriculter Press.
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