2023 Sonbahar YDS

4. Although climate change is a global

1. - 6. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da phenomenon, its consequences will not be --
ifadeyi bulunuz. ---- distributed; scientists agree that
developing countries will be the first and
hardest hit.

1. Modern understanding of the structure of A) promptly

Earth is derived in large part from the ----- of
B) severely
seismic studies that examine various
features in Earth’s interior. C) explicitly

A) extraction D) evenly

B) mitigation E) productively

C) alteration

D) interpretation

E) compensation

2. A geneticist can calculate with remarkable

----- the likelihood of certain traits passing 5. The world-famous explorer Marco Polo is
from parents to offspring, and such credited with many things, but perhaps the
calculations accommodate the potential greatest one is ----- one of the world’s first
combinations that can arise from each best-selling travelogues.
parent’s genotype.
A) hindering
A) adversity
B) validating
B) abstention
C) alienating
C) accuracy
D) compiling
D) alleviation
E) predicting
E) acquisition

3. The digital age has provided an -----

6. The belief that individuals have virtually
richness of new sources of information,
unlimited potential for growth is particularly
diversity of views, and a variety of
attractive to educators seeking to ----- the
perspectives that cannot be obstructed by
best that adult learners can achieve.
geographic or political barriers.
A) bring out
A) inaccessible
B) call off
B) unattainable
C) get over
C) unprecedented
D) interfere with
D) impermissible
E) pass down
E) unresolved

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10. ----- each scroll or connection ----- social

7. - 16. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan
yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da media, users are reminded of the
ifadeyi bulunuz. accomplishments of others which they
themselves have not achieved, and this may
lead to anxiety.

7. Since Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ----- many A) Over / for

of his most powerful ideas out of his
published work, the accurate understanding B) Towards / about
of his philosophy ----- to be a matter of
C) Onto / in
controversy.
D) With / through
A) keeps / had continued
E) Off / at
B) was keeping / will continue

C) kept / continues

D) had kept / would continue

11. Aicardi syndrome, a rare genetic disorder
E) would have kept / continued
that causes defects of the eyes and brain, is
not associated with any particular sub-
populations and appears ----- equal
8. Various lines of evidence suggest that the frequency in all races and ----- all
composition of the Earth’s atmosphere ----- geographies.
considerably over the history of the Solar
System and that the original atmosphere ----- A) by / along
denser than the present-day atmosphere and
B) in / upon
dominated by carbon dioxide.
C) with / across
A) was evolving / would be
D) from / towards
B) evolves / had been
E) about / to
C) had been evolving / is

D) has evolved / was

E) is evolving / has been

12. Ancient Egypt has long been considered

9. New technologies -----the visualisation of
the domestic cat’s cradle, but when
the human brain and advances in knowledge
researchers sequenced DNA from more than
of brain and nerve cell chemistry -----
200 ancient cats, they discovered that -----
psychology tremendously.
Nile natives formed the most broadly
A) to enable / had influenced distributed lineage, they were not the first.

B) enabling / have influenced A) if

C) having enabled / influenced B) because

D) being enabled / would have influenced C) while

E) having been enabled / could influence D) once

E) just as

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 2023 Sonbahar YDS

13. Many materials labelled as biodegradable 15. ----- its impact on civilisation, the
or compostable typically will not break down transition of communities from hunter-
----- they are subjected to ideal industrial gatherer to farmer has been described as the
composting conditions, meaning high most important technological development
humidity, temperatures of up to 70°C, and a ever to occur in human history.
special cocktail of microbes.
A) Irrespective of
A) given that
B) Similar to
B) whether
C) Owing to
C) unless
D) By means of
D) because
E) Contrary to
E) after

16. Sociology enables us to understand -----

14. ----- recent droughts and urbanisation society as a whole ----- our individual place
have challenged the traditional lifestyle of within it because this is a matter of where we
the Sahara Desert's Tuareg people, many still are located within social structures.
practice nomadism, with communities still
moving locations over the vast spaces. A) both / and

A) Although B) whether / or

B) In case C) neither / nor

C) Because D) such / that

D) As long as E) the more / the less

E) Until

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 2023 Sonbahar YDS

19.
17. - 21. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen
A) tackled
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
B) fortified
Chickenpox is a common and extremely
infectious childhood disease that also affects C) accompanied
adults on occasion. It is caused by the varicella- D) resolved
zoster virus, which is spread (17)----- the air or
by direct contact with an infected person. Once E) facilitated
someone (18)----- with the virus, an incubation
period of about 10-21 days passes before
symptoms begin. It produces an itchy, blistery
rash that typically lasts about a week and is
sometimes (19)------ by a slight fever and mild
headache. (20)----- the symptoms of chickenpox
are easily recognised and in most cases merely
unpleasant rather than dangerous, treatment
20.
can almost always be carried out at home.
Routine treatment consists of bed rest and A) Since
medications to reduce fever, and (21)----- anti-
inflammatory skin ointments, soothing lotions, or B) Even though
wet compresses, itching can be greatly relieved.
C) Before

D) As if
17.
E) Whether
A) for

B) towards

C) at

D) on

E) through
21.

A) similar to
18.
B) as well as
A) had been infected
C) in terms of
B) will be infected
D) in comparison with
C) was infected
E) thanks to
D) has been infected

E) would be infected

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24.
22. - 26. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada
numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen
A) due to
sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.
B) as opposed to

C) apart from
Throughout Oceanic cultures, body decoration
was an important means of representing cultural D) with regard to
and personal identity. Besides clothing and E) for the purpose of
ornaments, body adornment most often took the
form of tattoo. Tattooing was common among
Micronesian cultures, but it was even more (22)-
---- practiced in Polynesia. Indeed, the English
word ‘tattoo’ is Polynesian (23)----- origin, related
to the Tahitian, Samoan, and Tongan word tatau
or tatu. Within Polynesian cultures, tattooing 25.
reached its zenith in the highly stratified
societies. Historically, tattooing served a variety A) although
of functions in Polynesia (24)----- personal
B) because
beautification. For example, it indicated status
(25)----- the quantity and quality of tattoos often C) even if
reflected rank. Certain patterns (26)----- only to
ranking individuals, but commoners also had D) by the time
tattoos, generally on a smaller scale than elite
E) before
individuals.

22.

A) incidentally

B) extensively
26.
C) ambiguously
A) could be applied
D) offensively
B) should have been applied
E) rapidly
C) must be applied

D) may be applied
23.
E) would have been applied
A) upon

B) at

C) in

D) for

E) towards

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 2023 Sonbahar YDS

29. The field of artificial intelligence has been

27. - 36. sorularda, verilen cümleyi
uygun şekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi dominated by computer scientists; -----.
bulunuz.
A) for example, recent applications of artificial
intelligence technology include machines that
assist doctors in diagnoses and the ones that
27. Because patients who suffer from can spot credit card fraud
anorexia nervosa do not usually admit that
they have a disorder, -----. B) as a result, creating a machine to think by
simulating human thought highlights the
A) normalisation of eating patterns and the complexities and subtleties of the human mind
development of a normal body image can be
attained after the treatment C) in other words, despite significant advances
in computer technology and information
B) the sensations of hunger and satiety are processing, many people are sceptical that a
impaired, with the result that these two states machine will ever replicate human cognition
become confused
D) even so, it has important implications for
C) it becomes extremely difficult to engage them psychologists as well because in creating
into the care process before they collapse machines that replicate human thought, much is
learned about the processes the human brain
D) the treatment involves refeeding, which is
uses to think
critical for all patients whose weight is 85
percent or less of that expected E) on the contrary, the ability of some artificial
intelligence programs to solve problems based
E) some anorexics come from achievement-
on facts rather than on a predetermined series of
oriented families that promote physical fitness
steps is what most closely resembles thinking
and dieting

28. Universal biological markers such as

emergence of speech and onset of puberty 30. While cemeteries have enabled
do not emerge at a uniform age for everyone archaeologists to study everything from
-----. early medieval social structure to production
and trade, -----.
A) as long as puberty is a critical milestone in
many societies, celebrated often by rites of A) research on early medieval habitation, by
passage, such as schooling, work and criminal contrast, is still in its relative infancy
responsibility
B) they were found with regularity in western
B) since they are dependent on genetic Europe from the time of the Industrial Revolution
variations in different racial and ethnic groups
and on environmental factors such as nutrition or C) they often contained a large variety of
socialisation practices artefacts in addition to skeletal remains

C) although the movement of individual children D) archaeologists have relied on evidence from
through childhood is not followed with much these sites to create a better understanding of
precision and age is treated as an approximate the division of labour
benchmark
E) gender-linked roles were dynamic and
D) while each society has its own ways of repeatedly negotiated within specific
dividing the life span and of treating the communities
individuals who fall into different age groups

E) even if the age at which adolescence is

supposed to end and adulthood starts varies
substantially depending on socio-economic and
cultural factors

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31. Once a reading disorder has been 33. Malaria still keeps being the largest cause
diagnosed in a child, -----. of childhood illness for those under five in
sub-Saharan Africa -----.
A) mental retardation or cultural and language
differences may be mistaken for reading A) although those who live in areas where
disorders and may complicate a diagnosis malaria is epidemic can contract the disease
repeatedly, never fully recovering between bouts
B) it is caused by neurological abnormalities that of acute infection
trigger impairments in the regions of the brain
that control visual and language processing B) once the malaria parasite enters the host’s
bloodstream, where it travels to the liver and
C) he or she must be carefully guided to adopt develops for a short period before re-entering
strategies that will improve the recognition of the bloodstream
letters and words
C) given that developing an effective vaccine
D) it typically occurs in combination with writing has proved to be a serious challenge as the
disorders, which are characterised by problems malaria parasite is far more complex than a virus
with spelling, punctuation, and grammar or bacteria
E) children from families with a history of a D) seeing that it is introduced into other parts of
reading disorder are more likely to develop the world by refugees, military personnel, and
disorders themselves travellers returning from malarial areas

E) while malaria is characterised by recurrent

32. Naturalists have long puzzled over the symptoms of chills and fever, which may last for
function of the bird toucan’s large bill, -----. between a week and a month

A) instead it wanders through the forests and

adjacent clearings in small family groups 34. Children try to construct meaning
B) so it is thought to play a significant role in through their world knowledge, which is
attracting a mate partial and limited, -----

C) thus they are characterised by their bill with a A) as classroom activities that are meaningful
downcurved tip and sharp edges and entertaining can create different kinds of
opportunities for learning
D) but observers suggest that its bill is a weapon
used to defend the nest cavity B) whereas they take part in classroom activities
with their own understandings of the purposes
E) as the bill enables the bird to pluck berries and expectations of their teachers
from the tips of branches
C) so teachers need to examine classroom
activities from the children’s point of view to
assess whether they wiII understand what to do

D) although engaging them in classroom

activities seems to require less effort when
compared to adult learners

E) unless classroom activities are designed to

improve children's cognitive skills and ignite their
imagination

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 2023 Sonbahar YDS

35. Amphibians (frogs, salamanders, and

37. - 42. sorularda, verilen İngilizce
etc.) have been around so long that they cümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe
watched the dinosaurs come and go; ------. cümleyi, Türkçe cümleye anlamca en
yakın İngilizce cümleyi bulunuz.
A) thus, studies on the effects of atrazine on
amphibians have led one US group to take legal 37. Unless restrained by social norms,
action to have atrazine banned people strive to self-actualise after they fulfil
their immediate needs, though few ever
B) in other words, today more than a third of the
reach that pinnacle.
world’s amphibian species are threatened with
extinction, which presents a big problem A) Öncelikli ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıktan sonra
toplumsal kurallarla sınırlandırılmadan
C) however, for the last three decades, their
kendilerini gerçekleştirmeye çalışan insanların
populations around the world have been
çok azı o zirveye erişir.
declining dramatically
B) Toplumsal kurallarla sınırlandırılmadıkları
D) on the contrary, many of them are breeding
müddetçe öncelikli ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan
and thousands of tadpoles swim in the ditches,
insanlar sonrasında kendilerini gerçekleştirmeye
ponds, and streams
çalışır ancak o zirveye çok az kişi erişir.
E) accordingly, human activities are changing
C) Toplumsal kurallarla sınırlandırılmayan
the global climate and are leading to the
insanlar öncelikli ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıktan sonra
extinctions of large numbers of species of
kendilerini gerçekleştirmeye gayret etse de çok
amphibians
az kişi o zirveye erişir.

D) Öncelikli ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan insanlar

sonrasında toplumsal kurallarla
sınırlandırılmazsa kendilerini gerçekleştirmek
36. Today scientists are able to target and için çabalar ancak o zirveye erişen kişi sayısı
manipulate certain genes of many organisms çok azdır.
ranging from bacteria to humans, -----.
E) Toplumsal kurallarla sınırlandırılmazsa
A) for example, the genetic code allows an insanlar öncelikli ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıktan sonra
organism to translate the genetic information kendilerini gerçekleştirmeye çalışır ancak çok az
found in its chromosomes into usable protein kişi o zirveye erişir.

B) on the contrary, the discovery around 1950

that genes are made of DNA led to a virtual
explosion of scientific advances in the analysis
of the genetic material

C) similarly, bacteria with genetic additions such

as resistance against antibiotics often have
competitive advantages over others

D) in other words, classic genetics is the study of

hereditary laws of individuals passing genes to
their descendants

E) nonetheless, it poses risks and naturally

raises fundamental questions about the ethics of
genetic manipulation

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 2023 Sonbahar YDS

38. Based on skulls discovered in the Orkney 39. The DNA from the modern domestic
Islands, Scottish historians have horses bears great similarities to that of their
reconstructed the face of a 4,500-year-old ancestors once living on the steppes of
dog, an animal they believe to be an Western Eurasia, the region where the Volga
important part of the life of a Stone Age and Don rivers flow from north to south and
community. drain into the Caspian Sea.

A) İskoç tarihçiler bir Taş Devri topluluğunun A) Volga ve Don nehirlerinin kuzeyden güneye
hayatının önemli bir parçası olduğuna inandıkları akıp Hazar Denizi’ne döküldüğü bölge olan Batı
bir hayvan olan 4500 yıllık bir köpeğin yüzünü Avrasya bozkırlarında bir zamanlar yaşamış
yeniden oluştururken Orkney Adaları'nda atların DNA’ları, günümüzdeki evcil atların
keşfedilmiş olan kafataslarına dayandılar. atalarıninkiyle büyük benzerlikler göstermektedir.

B) İskoç tarihçiler, Orkney Adaları’nda B) Günümüzdeki evcil atların DNA'ları, Volga ve

keşfedilmiş olan kafataslarına dayanarak bir Taş Don nehirlerinin kuzeyden güneye akıp Hazar
Devri topluluğunun hayatının önemli bir parçası Denizi’ne döküldüğü bölge olan Batı Avrasya
olduğuna inandıkları bir hayvan olan 4500 yıllık bozkırlarında bir zamanlar yaşamış
bir köpeğin yüzünü yeniden oluşturdular. atalarınınkiyle büyük benzerlikler taşımaktadır.

C) İskoç tarihçilerin 4500 yıllık bir köpeğin C) Günümüzdeki evcil atlar, bir zamanlar Volga
yüzünü Orkney Adaları'nda keşfedilmiş olan ve Don nehirlerinin kuzeyden güneye akıp Hazar
kafataslarına dayanarak yeniden Denizi’ne döküldüğü bölge olan Batı Avrasya
oluşturmalarının sebebi, bu hayvanın bir Taş bozkırlarında yaşamış olan atalarıyla oldukça
Devri topluluğunun hayatının önemli bir parçası benzer DNA'lar taşımaktadır
olduğuna inanmalarıydı.
D) Günümüzdeki evcil atların DNA’ları, Volga ve
D) Orkney Adaları'nda keşfedilmiş olan Don nehirlerinin kuzeyden güneye akıp Hazar
kafataslarına dayanarak 4500 yıllık bir köpeğin Denizi’ne döküldüğü bölge olan Batı Avrasya
yüzünü yeniden oluşturan İskoç tarihçiler, bu bozkırlarında bir zamanlar yaşamış olan
hayvanın bir Taş Devri topluluğunun hayatında atalarınınkilere oldukça benzemektedir.
önemli bir yer tuttuğuna inanıyorlardı.
E) Volga ve Don nehirlerinin kuzeyden güneye
E) Orkney Adaları’nda kafatasları keşfeden akıp Hazar Denizi’ne döküldüğü bölge olan Batı
İskoç tarihçiler, bunlara dayanarak bir Taş Devri Avrasya bozkırlarında bir zamanlar yaşamış olan
topluluğunun hayatında önemli bir yer tuttuğuna günümüz evcil atlarının ataları, DNA'ları
inandıkları bir hayvan olan 4500 yıllık bir köpeğin bakımından bugünkülere oldukça
yüzünü yeniden oluşturdular. benzemektedir.

9
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

40. Bir grup içerisinde çalışırken herkesin 41. Büyüleyici tarihi ve kültürel mirası çok
doğuştan gelen yeteneklerini ve becerilerini sayıda yerli ve yabancı yazara ilham kaynağı
fark edip bir araya getirebiliriz ki bu “hepimiz olan Türkiye, mimari ve doğal güzellikleri ile
aynı bakış açısıyla hareket etmeliyiz” algımızı film yapımcılarını da cezbetmektedir.
yıkacak ve yaratıcı fikirlerin ortaya çıkmasını
sağlayacaktır. A) In addition to many local and foreign authors
who have seen Türkiye’s fascinating history and
A) If we can recognise and incorporate cultural heritage as a source of inspiration,
everyone's innate talents and abilities when filmmakers are also enchanted by its
working in a group, this will counter our architectural and natural beauties.
perception that "we all should act with the same
viewpoint" and help creative ideas grow. B) Thanks to its mesmerising history and cultural
heritage, Türkiye has provided a source of
B) When working in a group, we can recognise inspiration for a great number of local and
and incorporate everyone's innate talents and foreign authors, and it also attracts filmmakers
abilities, which will dispel our perception that "we with its architectural and natural beauties.
all should act with the same viewpoint” and allow
creative ideas to emerge. C) Türkiye, whose fascinating history and
cultural heritage have been a source of
C) We should recognise and incorporate inspiration for a great number of local and
everyone's innate talents and abilities when foreign authors, attracts filmmakers as well with
working in a group, which means our perception its architectural and natural beauties.
that "we all should act with the same viewpoint'
will fade away and creative ideas will arise. D) While Türkiye has remained as a source of
inspiration for numerous local and foreign
D) When working in a group, we can recognise authors because of its mesmerising history and
and incorporate everyone's innate talents and cultural heritage, its architectural and natural
abilities so that our perception that “we all should beauties have enchanted filmmakers.
act with the same viewpoint" will collapse and
creative ideas can develop. E) Türkiye, which has served as a source of
inspiration for numerous local and foreign
E) When working in a group, we should authors with its fascinating history and cultural
recognise and incorporate everyone's innate heritage, enchants filmmakers as well with its
talents and abilities in order to overcome our architectural and natural beauties.
perception that "we all should act with the same
viewpoint" and to develop creative ideas.

10
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

42. Navigasyon ve sürücü bilgilendirme

43. - 46. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre
sistemleri trafik yoğunluğuna ve güvenlik cevaplayınız.
problemine mükemmel bir çözüm olmasa da
mevcut yol kapasitesinin daha etkili There is currently no single test that can be
kullanımını sağlar ve güvenlik odaklı given to diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
tasarlanırsa kaza oranlarını azaltabilir. Disorder (ADHD). Since some biological and
psychological disorders can appear similar to
A) Although navigation and driver information ADHD, these should be taken into consideration
systems do not provide an excellent solution to and ruled out before a diagnosis of ADHD is
traffic congestion and the problem of safety, they made. A comprehensive evaluation is necessary
foster more efficient utilisation of available road to establish a diagnosis of ADHD. This includes
capacity as well as reducing accident rates if information and observations from parents,
designed with safety in mind. teachers, school psychologists, and
B) Navigation and driver information systems are pediatricians. Parents see their children at home
not a perfect solution to traffic congestion and and in small social groups. Classroom teachers
the problem of safety; however, they ensure can be of assistance since they see how well
more efficient utilisation of available road children perform school work and how children
capacity and accident rates can be reduced if interact with their peers. School psychologists
these systems are designed with safety in mind. can make behavioural observations in multiple
settings and interview the child. Pediatricians
C) Although navigation and driver information provide needed medical information. Completion
systems are not a perfect solution to traffic of behavioural checklists is also part of a
congestion and the problem of safety, they comprehensive evaluation. The checklists rate
ensure more efficient utilisation of available road the seriousness of ADHD symptoms and are
capacity and can reduce accident rates if completed by primary caregivers such as
designed with safety in mind. parents or guardians and classroom teachers.
Items on the checklist include behaviours such
D) Navigation and driver information systems do as having no sense of fair play, temper
not offer an excellent solution to traffic outbursts, unpredictable behaviour, and
congestion and the problem of safety, but if excessive demands for attention. In addition to
these systems are designed with safety in mind, this information, a thorough evaluation is needed
this can ensure more efficient utilisation of of the child’s current level of academic, social,
available road capacity and lower accident rates. and emotional functioning. Careful consideration
E) While navigation and driver information and review of all the information gathered is
systems are not considered a perfect solution to needed before the evaluation is complete.
traffic congestion and the problem of safety, they 43. It is clear from the passage that the
can both foster more efficient utilisation of diagnosis of ADHD requires ------.
available road capacity and lower accident rates
if designed with safety in mind. A) the patient to be first diagnosed with a
particular biological or psychological disorder

B) the patient to undergo tests that are actually

used to diagnose different disorders

C) a deeper understanding of the biological

factors that lead to ADHD

D) the elimination of other disorders that can

produce similar symptoms

E) the evaluation of the biological and

psychological phenomena affecting it

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 2023 Sonbahar YDS

44. According to the passage, what is the

function of behavioural checklists? 47. - 50. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya
göre cevaplayınız.
A) To determine the severity of ADHD symptoms
through the observation of various behaviours
Many birds treated at an Australian animal
B) To provide teachers with assistance in hospital are carrying chlamydia. The discovery
handling children with ADHD raises concerns about spillover to people and
C) To confirm how ADHD complicates other other animals. Human chlamydia is caused by
disorders infection with bacteria called Chlamydia
trachomatis. Birds can be infected with a similar
D) To help improve the academic performance strain called Chlamydia psittaci that causes a flu-
of children with ADHD like illness and can spread to people. C. psittaci
E) To enable caregivers to provide emotional, has been detected in more than 460 bird species
social, and academic support for children with globally, but little is known about the prevalence
ADHD of chlamydia in Australian birds. To investigate,
Martina Jelocnik, at the University of the
Sunshine Coast, in Queensland, Australia, and
45. The passage mainly emphasises that ----- her colleagues, tested 564 birds belonging to
107 species that were admitted to a wildlife
A) diagnosing ADHD requires the collaborative
work of the parties involved hospital in Beerwah, Queensland. In total, 29
percent of the birds tested positive to chlamydia.
B) a team of professionals are needed to Some were infected with C. psittaci and some
increase the chances of treating ADHD with Chlamydia pecorum, a strain that typically
C) primary caregivers who handle children with affects koalas. Three strains not previously seen
ADHD face many challenges in Australia - Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia
ibidis, and Chlamydia pneumoniae - were also
D) the underlying causes of ADHD change
dramatically from child to child detected, as were three strains that are new to
science. There are already some reports of C.
E) the severity of ADHD symptoms may be psittaci spreading from Australian birds into
lessened despite poor academic performance
people. In one case, 16 people contracted the
bacteria through exposure to bird droppings
while gardening, and one died. “At this stage,
46. Which could be the best title for the
the health consequences of the new findings are
passage?
unclear," says Jelocnik. “We’re at the initial
A) Does ADHD Have Symptoms Mistaken for stages of tackling the issue of chlamydia, and
Other Disorders? we only have a very limited understanding of
what causes the disease,” she suggests.
B) Why is the Diagnosis of ADHD a Complex
Process?

C) How Should Caregivers Behave towards

Children with ADHD?

D) Does ADHD Have a Big Impact on School

Success?

E) How Do Children with ADHD Differ from Their

Peers?

12
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

47. It is pointed out in the passage that C. 49. It can be understood from the passage
psittaci ------. that Jelocnik -----.

A) is a strain which researchers have failed to A) has proved that C. psittaci is fatal for infected
detect whether it affects people and causes people while newly-found strains pose no
death serious risk to human health

B) is mainly found in Australian birds and B) has found out that birds could also be
thought to spread to other birds in different parts infected by C. trachomatis, which is responsible
of the world for human chlamydia

C) has led to the discovery of some new strains, C) has identified new strains of bacteria in
which are also deadly in some other animals Australia, which have also not been observed in
the entire world before
D) is a type of bacteria that could also attack
people when contracted from infected birds D) has analysed bird droppings to determine
which of the newly-found strains is more
E) causes a flu-like illness, which have been prevalent in Australian birds
observed in 460 bird species throughout
Australia E) has discovered some new strains of bacteria
in koalas, which can also result in death in
humans

50. Which could be inferred from the

48. The study conducted by Jelocnik has passage?
revealed that -----. A) Newly-detected strains in birds have spread
A) the global spread of C. psittaci has largely to other animals at an alarming rate, so the issue
been caused by Australian birds of chlamydia must be tackled globally.

B) C. psittaci is particularly observed in birds B) The detection of new strains all around the
when they are in contact with other animals world has heightened concerns about spillover
to people in particular.
C) the strains that have been newly discovered
in Australia have infected people as well C) Researchers have been able to handle only a
very small part of the problem of chlamydia so
D) many birds contracted C. psittaci after they far.
were admitted to the wildlife hospital in Beerwah
D) The reports of C. psittaci spreading from
E) some birds have been infected by the same Australian birds into people show that most of
strain that strikes koalas the cases were seen in Queensland.

E) The discovery of novel bacteria eases worries

since they have not been proven to be lethal.

13
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

52. What was the drawback of NASA’s

51. - 54. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya
göre cevaplayınız. study?

A) The chemicals used in the study slowed down

In 1992, a couple of enterprising scientists from the growth of the plants.
NASA decided to investigate whether a class of B) The air-purifying potential of English ivy could
pollutants called volatile organic chemicals, not be generalised to other indoor plants.
which are found in common products like paint,
nail polish and shampoo, could be removed from C) The scope of the study was limited to some
the air by indoor house plants. Results looked specific places.
good: In just 24 hours, English ivy, for example,
seemed to absorb two-thirds of the D) The amount of the chemicals absorbed by the
formaldehyde it encountered. NASA was plants was drastically low.
pleased. “If we want to move into closed E) It was not convenient to put more than 10
environments, on Earth or in space,” the report plants in any closed space.
declared, “we must take along nature’s life
support system." The study sparked a great
number of articles about the air-purifying
potential of indoor plants. Despite these, there 53. The underlined word ‘sparked’ in the
was just one problem: The experiments worked passage is closest in meaning to -----.
in super-closed environments, like an airtight lab
or a spacecraft. However, humans currently live A) surpassed
in something a little larger, and to replicate these
B) restrained
effects in your own home, researchers estimate
that you would need to deposit roughly 10 plants C) exploited
into each square foot. While plants might not
meaningfully transform the air quality of the D) forecasted
semi-closed areas, they offer a host of health
E) triggered
benefits that could help both professionally
(concentration, creativity, etc.) and personally
(mood lift, stress relief, etc.). Better still, people
do not have to blast off in a spacecraft to reap
these rewards. 54. Which could be inferred from the
passage?
51. Which of the following is true of the study
carried out by NASA? A) The number of indoor plants in a spacecraft
should be increased to derive more health
A) It deliberately focused on English ivy since its benefits like stress relief.
air-purifying potential was already underlined in
many articles. B) Although indoor plants may not remarkably
improve air quality in some areas, they have an
B) It has revealed that the threats posed to impact on people's well-being.
human health by volatile organic chemicals are
more serious than people have thought. C) Indoor plants may not absorb chemicals in a
spacecraft as efficiently as they do in our homes.
C) It could produce satisfactory results in a short
period of time, regarding the absorption of the D) Since it is difficult to keep plants healthy in
formaldehyde by English ivy. super-closed environments, their air-purifying
potential will decline dramatically over time.
D) It failed to yield promising results for space
missions as it was not conducted in a E) While there are a great number of articles on
spacecraft. the air-purifying potential of indoor plants, which
exact plant is the most efficient has yet to be
E) It was aimed at decreasing the number of known.
plants required to improve air quality in a room.

14
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

55. Which of the following factors does not

55. - 58. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya
göre cevaplayınız. indicate that feeding livestock was difficult in
areas with severe winters in the Medieval
period?
Two approaches were taken to manage the
A) Viking sagas that point to the practice of hay
availability of winter fodder (foodstuff for farm
saving
animals, such as hay, straw, etc.) during the
Medieval period. In areas in which the winters B) A thick layer of snow that lasted for a long
were particularly severe, such as continental period of time
Europe and Scandinavia, the snow cover was
regularly so deep and long-lasting that livestock C) The Frankish laws concerning the cutting and
could not exploit any winter grazing. The only stealing of hay
option was to keep the animals indoors during
the winter and bring the fodder to them. The D) A lack of variety in the tools used to harvest
archaeological evidence for this consists of long winter fodder
stall houses with part of the building given over E) The houses that included sections where
to human habitation and the remainder divided animals were kept
into stalls for animals. Viking sagas also quite
often mention the saving of hay in the winter,
and evidence for the practice of hay saving is 56. Which could be inferred from the
provided by the presence of scythes, a cutting passage?
tool for long grass, on archaeological sites. The
importance of hay is also reflected in the A) Archaeological evidence relating to the use of
Frankish laws that deal with the cutting and scythes in the Medieval period was also
stealing of hay from the meadows of others. In supported by the Frankish and Irish laws.
the more temperate west, however, it was
B) Hay saving was a common practice in both
possible to leave the livestock outdoors
severe and temperate areas as the amount of
throughout the year. In Ireland and other
winter fodder was considerably low during the
temperate areas, the absence of the practice of
winter.
hay saving meant that an alternative strategy
had to be undertaken to ensure that livestock C) The approaches developed to feed livestock
would survive the winter. The Irish laws make it during temperate or harsh winters did not differ
clear that certain areas of ‘preserved grass’ were considerably from each other.
cordoned off during the summer and reserved
for winter grazing, and the dead winter grass in D) In continental Europe and Scandinavia, most
these reserved areas served the same purpose farm animals could not survive the winter due to
as hay. the lack of fodder.

E) Hay was a valuable commodity that made

livestock rearing possible during severe winters
in the Medieval period.

15
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

57. Which of the following approaches was

59. - 62. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya
employed to feed livestock in temperate göre cevaplayınız.
areas?

A) To enforce laws that banned the overuse and Aphasia is the loss or partial loss of normal
stealing of hay language abilities as a result of damage to
cortical and/or sub-cortical brain tissue. A strict
B) To preserve some areas of grass during the use of aphasia (meaning ‘total loss’) vs
winter to produce sufficient amounts of hay dysphasia (meaning partial loss’) is sometimes
followed, but the terms aphasia and, rather less
C) To stock large amounts of hay to be commonly, dysphasia are most often used for
consumed indoors any degree of loss. The term ‘normal language
abilities’ takes account of variations within adult
D) To ensure that not all the grass was exploited speakers, and these variations may arise
in the summer because of a number of factors, including
chronological age and level of education, so
E) To use both fresh grass and hay in limited there is not a single norm for all. There is
amounts during the winter increasing research in this area but we still need
large-scale normative studies that would enable
us to define ‘normal’. When considering
individual variations, it is important to recognise
58. What is the primary purpose of the that language in old age may differ in subtle
author? ways from language used by healthy, younger
adults. There may be increasing difficulty with
A) To make a comparison between the Frankish word-finding, with the access of nouns especially
and Irish laws, touching upon their efficiency in affected. If these changes are considered within
controlling the winter fodder ‘normal variation’, then it follows that the term
‘aphasia’ is not usually applied to normal
B) To focus on the advantages and language changes associated with age.
disadvantages of different approaches followed
to feed livestock in the winter during the
Medieval period 59. One can understand from the passage
that the distinction between aphasia and
C) To put emphasis on the severity of the dysphasia -----.
winters in the Medieval period and its impact on
people's lives A) is related not only to the degree of loss of
language abilities but also to what causes this
D) To draw attention to the archaeological loss
evidence revealing why people kept animals B) is quite obvious because each condition
indoors in the winter during the Medieval period manifests itself in different age groups
E) To inform the reader about the approaches C) is easy to understand since the latter refers to
adopted to feed livestock in the winter during the partial damage often associated with the sub-
Medieval period by referring to severe and cortical brain tissue
temperate conditions
D) is mostly overlooked as both terms could be
used without reference to the level of the loss of
normal language abilities

E) is critical as they refer to different conditions

as far as the location of the brain damage is
concerned

16
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

60. Which of the following factors 62. What is the primary purpose of the
contributes to the difficulty in defining author?
'normal language abilities’?
A) To compare younger and older patients with
A) The lack of comprehensive studies that can aphasia
set standards for describing normal language
abilities B) To inform about the difficulty with word
B) Younger speakers' use of language, which retrieval in aphasic patients
greatly varies in their daily lives and educational
C) To differentiate aphasia from dysphasia
settings

C) Inconsistent findings of normative studies on D) To mark the boundaries of aphasia

people’s language abilities that are generally
considered normal E) To exemplify the language abilities that
deteriorate in aphasic patients
D) The narrow age range of the participants in
the studies to analyse language variations
among them

E) The limited amount of research focusing on

the impact of individuals’ educational
background on their language use

61. Which of the following conclusions could

be drawn from the passage?

A) Individual variations in language abilities can

be used to examine aphasia closely in different
age groups.

B) The language abilities of younger adults have

been considered as the main criteria for how
language should be normally used.

C) Changes in language use which are affected

by age should not be considered among the
characteristics of aphasia.

D) The failure to find the words that they want to

use could be a clear sign of aphasia among the
elderly.

E) It is easy for younger adults to recognise how

their speech differs from that of the elderly, while
it is not the same case for the elderly.

17
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

64. Matt:
63. - 67. sorularda, karşılıklı
konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmını - I think many people are misled to assume
tamamlayabilecek ifadeyi bulunuz.
that global warming has a direct bearing
mainly on animals, not on people.
63. Tiffany:
Sam:
- Mike, do you know anything about
synesthesia? - -----

Mike: Matt:

- Well, it means joined perception; two or - Exactly yes. Research has found that as the
more senses are coupled. For example, a planet warms, many people find it much
voice is not only heard but also felt, seen, harder to get a good night’s sleep. Sleep loss
tasted, or even sensed in multiple modalities. is a common problem, particularly in areas
with high temperatures.
Tiffany: .
Sam:
- I guess those with this condition were
shown great interest and attention in old - That makes sense given the fact that our
times as they had exceptional experiences planet has already warmed 1°C since pre-
that others couldn’t enjoy. industrial times.

Mike:
A) Do you imply that animals contribute to the
- ----- health issues associated with global warming?

Tiffany: B) Do you mean that daily routines of people

are also affected by global warming?
- It’s horrible to hear that they were judged
unfairly. C) Do you suggest that it is difficult to estimate
the impacts of global warming on human health?
A) In fact, for a long time, it faced hostility from
critics, who viewed those having the condition as D) Do you claim that scientists are trying to
liars, considering the subjective experience cancel out the harmful effects of global warming
nothing more than a learned association. on people’s future?

B) Definitely! They were asked to share their E) Do you believe that people are the agents
experiences with others. Not only ordinary and animals are the victims of global warming?
people but also philosophers were in close
contact with them to learn more about the
condition.

C) Well, they had been thought to have

supernatural powers until medical science
clearly defined the characteristics of the
condition and detected its prevalence.

D) As far as I know, synesthesia was not

regarded as a serious subject for decades. A
major factor for such late attention was that
people were thought to be highly emotional and
poetic rather than having a particular condition.

E) After all, someone with this condition can

experience feelings others are deprived of in
their lives. I’m not certain but it must have been
the same for those in the past.

18
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

65. Seth: 66. Thomas:

- So, you’ve heard of toxic positivity, right? It - Solar power is derived from the energy of
means someone is positive even in the the Sun. So, I think nations should benefit
hardest of times and completely out of touch much more from solar power to produce
with reality. electricity in a cheaper way.

Marie: Dave:

- Oh, yeah, I’ve heard of that before. Actually, - In fact, throughout the world, nearly 10
one of my best friends is truly a toxic percent of electricity is generated based on
positivist, and always acts as if everything is solar power.
fine. I think being positive is good, but it
should have its limits. Thomas:

Seth: - I can’t believe that. Why don’t we fully

replace fossil fuels with solar energy?
- Definitely! And there’s also toxic gratitude.
Dave:
Marie:
- -----
- What’s that? Is it even possible to be too
grateful? Thomas:

Seth: - So, it seems our environment is suffering

from pollution due to high motives of profit.
- -----
A) The process used to produce electricity in this
Marie: way is far more expensive than using
conventional fossil fuels, and this deters electric
- To be honest, I often tend to behave that companies from investing in it.
way. I'd better look for some coping
strategies to combat it. B) Using solar energy is not as easy as people
think. It cannot be utilised worldwide since there
A) When someone is full of toxic positivity, you'll are not many countries that have the necessary
often see an unrealistic amount of gratitude, too. expertise and technical equipment.
So, toxic positivity and toxic gratitude go hand in
hand. C) Just imagine what could happen if cheap
electricity were accessible. People would use
B) We know staying positive in tough times is electricity so extravagantly that solar batteries
important, but it can be really difficult. But when couldn't meet huge demands.
we are unrealistically positive, it can actually be
detrimental to our well-being. D) As you know, in some countries such as
Sweden, Norway, and Finland, there is not
C) It just means being too dismissive of your enough sunshine to be used for producing
feelings. It's like being unhappy in a career, but electricity. This makes it unpopular.
instead of addressing that dissatisfaction, saying
how grateful you are to have a job. E) Simply because it’s a new source of energy
and most people do not trust it as a sustainable
D) Yeah, it is. I guess. Toxic gratitude, just like and reliable energy source. But I'm sure it'll be
toxic positivity, is all around us, so we have to be more popular in near future.
careful not to let ourselves become too
entrenched in it.

E) Toxic gratitude is finding ways to be grateful

even in the worst of circumstances. But that’s
not to say it's bad. I think it’s better to be positive
and grateful than being pessimistic.

19
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

67. Rose:
68. - 71. sorularda, verilen cümleye
- So, you’re back from your trip to Italy! You anlamca en yakın cümleyi bulunuz.
went there with two other friends, right?
Which cities did you visit?
68. Flooded forests caused by the
Sylvia: construction of hydropower dams can no
longer act as carbon sinks and, as they
- That’s right. And we landed in Bologna and
decay, they release vast quantities of
saw the oldest European university
greenhouse gases.
buildings. Then, we went to Verona, a town
like those in fairy tales! We also travelled A) Forests that have become waterlogged due to
back to the Middle Ages in old town Siena the building of hydropower dams cannot serve
and last but not least, got mesmerised by as carbon collectors any more, and they emit
Renaissance art in Florence. huge amounts of greenhouse gases as they
decay.
Rose:
B) One of the adverse consequences of the
- Wow! It must have been the trip of a
building of hydropower dams is that forests
lifetime!
could be flooded, which means they may not
Sylvia: function as carbon sinks any more and will
produce large quantities of greenhouse gases as
- ----- they decay.
Rose: C) Waterlogged forests caused by the
construction of hydropower dams are vulnerable
- Oh, you shouldn’t have let them ruin your
to decaying, and therefore, instead of serving as
mood. Anyway, you had the chance to
carbon collectors, they are more likely to release
explore nice Italian cities.
considerable amounts of greenhouse gases.
A) You think so? If it hadn't been for my friends,
D) As a result of the construction of hydropower
I’d never have dared to go from one city to
dams, forests become waterlogged and cannot
another. It would be enough just to see Bologna,
absorb carbon in sufficient amounts: rather, they
you know I’m a bit lazy.
release substantial quantities of greenhouse
B) It really left a great impression on me. My gases as they decay.
friends told me I’d be fascinated by Rome too, I
E) Flooded forests caused by the erection of
mean, because I liked those other Italian cities.
hydropower dams are bound to decay over time,
So, next stop: Rome, I guess!
and this is why the amount of carbon they
C) Indeed it was, but bitter quarrels between my absorb declines rapidly while the quantity of
friends spoilt the joy of our trip. They never greenhouse gases they emit substantially
agreed on where to see or eat. That was really increases.
hard to tolerate.

D) It wasn’t all that fantastic when you compare

mine to that of my colleagues, who went to
Switzerland. They said they met new people and
made friends from around the world.

E) In a sense, yes. The worst thing was that we

all were disorganised and didn’t know what our
next destination would be. But we still enjoyed
our time together and had great fun.

20
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

69. Although modern ‘paleodiet’ movement 70. Mind-body spiritual practices, such as
proposes that our ancestors ate large yoga and meditation, are asserted to help
amounts of meat, we still do not know the people soothe themselves, providing an
proportion of meat in their diet, nor how antidote to the exalted self.
frequently meat was eaten.
A) Mind-body spiritual practices, such as yoga
A) Modern ‘paleodiet' movement suggests that and meditation, have been shown to help people
our ancestors consumed significant amounts of enjoy a feeling of serenity besides functioning as
meat, yet evidence regarding the quantity of a suppressor for the exalted self.
meat in their diet and the frequency of their meat
eating is still lacking. B) When people struggle to calm themselves
down, they can try mind-body spiritual practices,
B) Although modern 'paleodiet’ movement is such as yoga and meditation, which are claimed
based on the assumption that our ancestors to constitute a counter-measure against the
consumed meat in large amounts, it is difficult to exalted self.
be sure if they ate it frequently in huge amounts
or not. C) People with an exalted self are recommended
to benefit particularly from mind-body spiritual
C) Though modern 'paleodiet’ movement practices, such as yoga and meditation, to
suggests that our ancestors had to consume comfort themselves.
meat in large amounts, we still need convincing
evidence to know the frequency and amount of D) Among the mind-body spiritual practices that
their meat eating. have been thought to be a remedy helping
people calm themselves down and pacify their
D) Given that we are not sure of the frequency of exalted self are yoga and meditation.
our ancestors' large amounts of meat
consumption, modern ‘paleodiet' movement E) It is claimed that mind-body spiritual
cannot make claims about how much meat their practices, such as yoga and meditation, provide
diet contained. people with assistance in calming themselves
down, serving as a remedy against the exalted
E) It would be possible to make assumptions on self.
the amount of meat to be consumed according
to modern ‘paleodiet’ movement if we had
enough information about how much meat was
eaten by our ancestors or how often they ate it.

21
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

71. Learning about the universe and our

72. - 75. sorularda, boş bırakılan yere,
place in it is one of the best experiences of parçada anlam bütünlüğünü sağlamak
childhood but few students try to explore the için getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.
mysteries of the universe because of
overwhelming workload at schools.
72. What constitutes a film movement? How
A) Regardless of excessive workload at schools, does one begin and what are its
some students try to learn about the universe characteristics? In the late 1950s, a new film
and our place in it and understand the mysteries movement suddenly broke onto the scene in
of the universe, which is one of the best world cinema: the French nouvelle vague, or
experiences of childhood. New Wave. ------ It was a national movement
of French filmmakers, but its development as
B) Huge workload at schools may discourage part of international art cinema helped to
students from wondering about the universe and give it recognition and support. It exalted
our place in it; however, there are those who try notions of cinematic artistry, yet it also
to investigate the mysteries of the universe, aimed for popular commercial success. What
which is one of the best experiences of was most unusual about the French New
childhood. Wave was that it was a movement made by
filmmakers who had begun their careers as
C) Although learning about the universe and our
critics. They wrote criticism because it
place in it is one of the best experiences of
furthered their goals, while at the same time
childhood, a small number of students try to
they directed short films and photographed,
investigate the mysteries of the universe due to
edited, performed in, and publicised each
excessive workload at schools.
other's film work.
D) Despite being one of the best experiences of
A) Famous filmmakers of New Wave, who
childhood, learning about the universe and our
brought the perspectives of the generation that
place in it and exploring the mysteries of the
came of age after the war to the screen, were
universe do not seem to attract the attention of
François Truffaut and Jean-Luc Godard.
most students because of huge workload at
schools. B) In the view of one critic, French New Wave
films had long dialogues, but gave little attention
E) There is a limited number of students who
to visual and sound effects.
admit that learning about the universe and our
place in it is one of the best experiences of C) However, the New Wave phenomenon was
childhood although investigating the mysteries of not greeted with praise in every quarter, which
the universe may considerably increase the means that it did not arrive without criticism.
workload at schools
D) In fact, French New Wave filmmakers were
subjected to the same kind of attacks they
themselves had launched as writers.

E) There is little question that the French New

Wave fits the criteria of a film movement, yet its
contradictory aspects are also apparent.

22
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

73. The Pyramids of Giza are among the 74. Artificial intelligence (Al) refers to
world’s most famous architectural computer software that exhibits intelligent
monuments. In ancient times, the Greeks behaviour. In fact, the term ‘intelligence' is
included the Great Pyramid among the Seven difficult to define and has been the subject of
Wonders of the World. The Egyptians heated debate by philosophers, educators,
themselves took an interest in the pyramids, and psychologists for ages. ----- Intelligence
restoring the adjacent buildings as late as includes the capacity to learn, maintain a
1,000 years after they were originally built. large storehouse of knowledge, utilise
However, in spite of the tremendous awe and common-sense reasoning, apply analytical
curiosity that the pyramids inspire, they are abilities, discern relationships between facts,
limited sources for the writing of history. The communicate ideas to others, and perceive
pyramids attest that the Fourth Dynasty and make sense of the world around us.
(2625-2500 QCE) must have been a period of Thus, Al systems are computer programs
strong central government, religious vitality, that exhibit one or more of these abilities.
and technological innovation. ----- In the
Fourth Dynasty, the Egyptians had not yet A) Accordingly, Al systems provide a key
started inscribing extended biographical component in many computer applications that
texts in their tombs, a practice of the Sixth serve the world of business.
Dynasty 300-400 years later, that provides B) Nevertheless, it is possible to enumerate
historical details in the later period. many important characteristics of intelligent
A) Three kings built the most famous pyramid behaviour.
complexes in Egyptian history on the Giza C) Likewise, Al systems can monitor consumer-
plateau during the years 2585 to 2510 BCE. spending habits and alert companies when
B) The decision was to abandon 'step pyramid uncharacteristic consumer behaviours arise.
building’ and to construct a ‘true pyramid', which D) In addition, Al systems can perform the same
required a major diversion of resources. kind of tasks as our brains do, such as
C) Yet, the details of these historical trends must translating texts and doing mathematical
be derived from the physical remains of buildings calculations.
rather than from written texts. E) Therefore, huge amounts of data are required
D) The enormous size of the monuments has to help Al systems to complete sophisticated
continued to impress visitors to Egypt since the tasks.
Greek historian Herodotus visited them in the
fifth century BCE.

E) However, nearly everything that can be

inferred in modern times about the Fourth
Dynasty stems from the modern knowledge of
the pyramids at Giza.

23
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

75. The Internet facilitates a certain kind of

76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla
anonymity, which has more benefits than its okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü
dangers. One can communicate with bozan cümleyi bulunuz.
individuals across the globe with no
hesitation, using pseudonyms. This type of
anonymity can definitely affect the content
and nature of the communication. It frees 76. (I) Postcolonial writings examine a range of
some individuals by removing barriers based topics that interest world historians, such as
on physical appearance. ----- Anonymity may colonial encounters, immigrant experiences, and
also foster participation in beneficial modern capitalism and its discourses of
activities such as discussions among victims development. (II) In such writings, postcolonial
of a crime who might be reluctant to analysts tend to unpack long-held views of
participate unless they had anonymity. scholars to reveal the nuances that are inherent
A) However, anonymity leads to serious in any historical phenomena but that are often
problems of accountability and integrity of ignored by others. (Ill) More recently,
information. postcolonial historians have also been deeply
concerned with recording the lives and voices of
B) The state of remaining unknown to most other disempowered peoples. (IV) For instance,
people requires the development of certain postcolonial writings have contributed
communication skills. significantly to broadening our understanding of
long-studied phenomena such as European
C) For example in contexts in which race and colonialism. (V) Coloniser-colonised interactions
gender may get in the way of fair treatment, the are no longer seen as colliding worlds but rather
anonymity provided by the Internet can eliminate as complex, hybrid, and sometimes
bias. contradictory flows that shape both the coloniser
and the colonised.
D) Recently, researchers have focused more on
the issue of anonymity to reveal how people A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
mask their real identities in cyberspace.

E) The anonymity of the Internet is the main

cause for ethical problems that set up a barrier
to effective communication.
77. (I) Until the 1990s, the only planets known to
science were the eight planets that orbit our
Sun. (II) People suspected that planets might
orbit other stars, but such worlds were
impossible to detect because of the vast
distances separating them from us. (III)
However, as telescopes became more
advanced, astronomers began to notice faint
changes in the colour or intensity of light from
distant stars, which suggested planets were
passing in front of them. (IV) There may be
hundreds of billions of exoplanets in our galaxy
which range from small, probably rocky worlds
like Earth to giants with rings 200 times wider
than Saturn’s. (V) Careful studies followed: the
first exoplanet was confirmed in 1995, and so
far, thousands of extrasolar systems have been
discovered, some with up to eight planets.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

24
 2023 Sonbahar YDS

78. (I) Although the island of Britain is 80. (I) An avalanche is a large amount of snow
sometimes referred to geographically as Great that quickly moves down a slope, and there are
Britain, it is mostly a political term. (II) Great many different conditions which make an
Britain has been used as an identity that avalanche possible. (II) It is more likely to
transcends that of English, Welsh, and Scottish, happen on a slope without trees or large rocks
uniting all the peoples of the island in a common which help to keep snow in place. (Ill) A weak
loyalty. (Ill) However, there are some indications layer of snow such as melting or refreezing one
that the dissolution of the British Empire has had may also cause an avalanche because snow
a corresponding impact on British identity. (IV) It piling on top of this weak layer can easily slide
was first used as a title by James VI of Scotland, off. (IV) The skiers and snowmobile riders
who inherited the English throne upon the death should be extra cautious not to break a bone on
of Queen Elizabeth I in 1603. (V) By calling such weak layers. (V) Heavy snowfall, strong
himself 'King of Great Britain', James tried, wind, and rising temperature can all start an
without much success, to dissolve the centuries- avalanche and falling rocks or ice or the slowest
long animosities of his English and Scottish movements of a skier too.
subjects.
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V
A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

79. (I) The organised movement to abolish

slavery began only in the last quarter of the 18th
century. (Il) Prior to that, social, political and
religious institutions generally accepted and
accommodated slavery. (Ill) Throughout most of
history, slavery was a fact of life, not an issue for
debate. (IV) Even early democracies such as
ancient Athens did not see slavery and
democracy as incompatible. (V) From its
inception, the abolitionist movement in Britain
was associated with the movement for other
democratic reforms, such as expanded suffrage
and women’s rights.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

TEST BİTTİ

CEVAPLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ

25
 CEVAP ANAHTARI

1.D 21.E 41.C 61.C

2.C 22.B 42.C 62.D
3.C 23.C 43.D 63.A
4.D 24.C 44.A 64.B
5.D 25.B 45.A 65.C
6.A 26.A 46.B 66.A
7.C 27.C 47.D 67.C
8.D 28.B 48.E 68.A
9.B 29.D 49.C 69.A
10.D 30.A 50.C 70.E
11.C 31.C 51.C 71.C
12.C 32.D 52.C 72.E
13.C 33.C 53.E 73.C
14.A 34.C 54.B 74.B
15.C 35.C 55.D 75.C
16.A 36.E 56.E 76.C
17.E 37.E 57.D 77.D
18.D 38.B 58.E 78.C
19.C 39.B 59.D 79.E
20.A 40.B 60.A 80.D