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Technology Insight for Modern Analytics and Business Intelligence

Platforms
Published: 12 September 2017 ID: G00331857
Analyst(s): Cindi Howson, Rita L. Sallam, Joao Tapadinhas, James Laurence Richardson, Carlie J.
Idoine

Summary
The analytics and BI platform market's multiyear shift of focus from IT-led reporting to business-
led self-service analytics is now mainstream. Data and analytics leaders should invest in modern
platforms for greater accessibility, agility and analytical insight from a diverse range of data
sources.

Overview
Key Findings
Most analytics and business intelligence (BI) programs have shifted their focus away from
delivering primarily reporting toward enabling self-service analytics for business users or to
delivering governed reporting and analytics in a more agile way.

Traditional reporting-based BI platforms are not designed to support the current pace and
dynamic nature of business change or the exponential growth in terms of the sources, volume
and complexity of data.

Modern analytics and BI platforms must be agile, user-friendly and trusted to support the
expanded — increasingly mission-critical, time-urgent and evolving — role of analytics in driving
competitiveness and creating business value.
Traditional BI platforms are being augmented with more agile solutions, often purchased by
individual business units — a development that challenges IT departments to support a
broader portfolio.

Recommendations
Data and analytics leaders responsible for maintaining and modernizing analytics and BI
strategies should:
Use modern analytics and BI platforms to expand user adoption and deliver higher business
value from analytics investments by empowering line-of-business users who have the domain
knowledge.
Address changes to IT roles and responsibilities by shifting from a sole owner and doer
mentality to enabler of wider access to data and collaborative content development.
Determine when best to use existing, traditional BI technologies versus modern analytics and
BI by assessing governance, repeatability and functionality requirements.

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Strategic Planning Assumptions

By 2020, smart/augmented, nonrelational-, search- and visual-based data discovery capabilities
will converge into a single set of next-generation data discovery capabilities as components of
modern BI and analytics platforms.
By 2020, the number of users of modern BI and analytics platforms that are differentiated by
augmented data discovery capabilities will grow at twice the rate, and will deliver twice the
business value, of those that are not.
By 2020, natural-language generation and artificial intelligence will be a standard feature of 90%
of modern BI platforms.
By 2020, 50% of analytic queries will be generated using search, natural-language processing or
voice, or will be automatically generated.

Analysis
Analytics is increasingly strategic to businesses and is now central to most business roles. It is
no longer possible for chief marketing officers to be experts solely in branding and the
placement of advertisements — they must also be experts in customer analytics. The same is
true of HR, supply chain and finance roles in most industries.
To meet the time-to-insight demands of today's competitive business environment, many
organizations aim to expand analytics with self-service capabilities. The associated insertion of
analytics deeper into lines of business has significantly changed the traditional BI model and
end-user requirements. The modern analytics and BI platform is characterized by agility, flexibility
and ease of use, all of which are critical in every phase of the analytic workflow, from data source
acquisition to execution of actionable insights.

Definition
A modern analytics and BI platform supports IT-enabled analytic content development. It is
defined by a self-contained architecture that enables nontechnical users to autonomously
execute full-spectrum analytic workflows from data access, ingestion and preparation to
interactive analysis and the collaborative sharing of insights.

By contrast, traditional BI platforms are designed to support modular development of IT-

produced analytic content. Specialized tools and skills and significant upfront data modeling,
coupled with a predefined metadata layer, are required to access their analytic capabilities.

Description
There are six key components of an analytic workflow that define a BI platform: data source, data
model, data ingestion and preparation, content authoring, analysis, and insight delivery. In this
regard, differences between the approaches of modern and traditional BI platforms are evident.
They are outlined in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of Differences Between Traditional and Modern Analytics and Business
Intelligence Platforms by Analytic Workflow Component
Analytic Workflow Component

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Data source

Traditional BI Relational, on-premises

Platform

Modern BI Platform
Relational, Hadoop, semi-structured, NoSQL, flat files
On-premises and/or cloud

Data model

Traditional BI Upfront dimensional modeling required (IT-built star schemas and/or

Platform cubes)

Modern BI Platform Upfront modeling not required (flat files/flat tables)

Data ingestion and preparation

Traditional BI IT-produced
Platform

Modern BI Platform IT-enabled

Content authoring

Traditional BI Primarily IT staff, but also some power users

Platform

Modern BI Platform Business users

Analysis

Traditional BI Predefined, ad hoc reporting based on a dimensional model

Platform

Modern BI Platform Free-form exploration and visualization, with in context data

manipulation

Insight delivery

Traditional BI Distribution and notifications via scheduled reports or a portal

Platform

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Modern BI Platform Sharing and collaboration, storytelling, chat bots, and open APIs

Source: Gartner (September 2017)

These six components are reflected in the modern BI and analytics platform architecture shown
in Figure 1. Each is described in more detail to emphasize the differences between traditional
and modern BI platforms.
Figure 1. A Modern Analytics and Business Intelligence Platform Architecture

OLAP = online analytical processing

Source: Gartner (September 2017)

Data Source: From Relational, On-Premises to All Data Everywhere

Much of the data from traditional BI implementations has focused on providing access to
relational systems, often with internally generated data from on-premises transaction systems.
Modern analytics and BI tools broaden this data access to include streamlined and autonomous
access to other internal SQL data sources, such as departmental data marts, as well as data
generated externally and data generated by sensors and things. This data may be stored in other
formats, whether Hadoop Distributed File System or NoSQL systems, flat files, spreadsheets, and
so on. This data may be stored in multiple formats and repositories, both on-premises and in the
cloud.
Data sources may include:
Replicated transactional system data/operational data stores

Departmental data repositories

Syndicated data, such as industry pricing and benchmarks
Openly available public data sources, such as economic data, jobs trends or population
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Sensor/machine-generated data
Integrated/enriched datasets resulting from the combination of disparate data sources
Organizational "dark data" traditionally hidden from, or beyond the scope of, BI technologies,
such as emails and documents
Direct access to cloud application data sources

Direct access to social media streams

Direct access to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)/XML output.
Personal productivity files, such as Microsoft Excel and comma-separated values (CSV) files
(However, access to these file types alone does not make an otherwise traditional platform
modern.)

Video and images

Data Source: Upfront Modeling — From Required Data Warehouse to Optional
Another significant difference between modern and traditional BI platforms is the approach to
upfront data modeling for analysis.
A traditional BI platform usually requires a lengthy, IT-led enterprise data warehouse or data mart
development effort as a prerequisite for accessing the platform's reporting and analytic
capabilities through a semantic layer that must also be created by a technical person. In addition,
some traditional BI platforms need further downstream processing in the form of OLAP cubes,
which require significant IT involvement to design, build and maintain, as well as data-modeling
expertise generally limited to IT departments. When the focus of BI was to promote a "single
source of truth" to deliver consistent and trusted descriptive analytic content — system-of-record
reporting — sourced primarily from structured internal transactional data, this traditional
approach to BI supported the IT supplier/business user consumer model of BI delivery enabled
by traditional BI platforms.
However, the expanded reach of analytics, coupled with exponential growth in the volume, variety
and complexity of data, has changed the role of data and analytics teams in analytics and BI
delivery. It also has changed data warehouse modeling and enterprise information management
architecture concepts. Increasingly, the practices of summary tables and star schemas for data
warehousing has evolved to the concept of a logical data warehouse that may include both
modeled, aggregated datasets, as well as unmodeled datasets and data lakes. The traditional
top-down, requirement-driven approach to data curation and provisioning does not meet
organizations' requirements for fast, agile and distributed content authoring by a range of
business users, citizen data scientists and skilled data scientists. Their analytics needs are
extending from descriptive reports and dashboards to interactive visual exploration and analysis,
automated and augmented analytics, and advanced analytics on larger, more-complex and
diverse data, including unstructured and external data.
It is important to note that modern analytics and BI platforms may optionally source from
traditional IT-modeled data structures to promote governance and reusability across the
organization. In fact, in many organizations, extending IT-modeled structures in an agile manner
and combining them with any of the sources listed earlier is a core requirement. Other
organizations, meanwhile, may use the analytic engine within the modern analytics and BI

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platform as an alternative to a traditional data warehouse. This approach is usually only

appropriate for midsize organizations with relatively clean data from a limited number of source
systems.
With a modern analytics and BI platform, users can prototype data models and test new data
sources in the context of existing data structures without first needing IT staff to update the
existing data model and load data into it for users to access. Centralized data and analytics
teams must then shift their focus from solely building the data warehouse and reports to making
curated internal and external data accessible, as required, by users and expanding data literacy
so all users can find, access and get maximum value from their data assets.

The key differentiator of a modern analytics and BI platform is that users have the
option to use centrally modeled and curated environments, but are not required to
do so as a starting point.

Data Ingestion and Preparation: From IT-Produced to IT-Enabled

Most traditional BI platform architectures are defined by an IT-built semantic (metadata) layer
that serves as the end user's single point of access to underlying modeled data structures for all
BI platform modules. This defining feature promotes consistency through centrally defined
metrics and a "single source of truth." In traditional BI platforms, data ingestion is generally not
supported, and the semantic layer functions as a business-focused abstraction tier and virtual
representation of the more-complex underlying data structures. Minimal data preparation and
harmonization are supported in traditional BI platforms, because much of the work to extract,
transform and load data occurs outside the BI platform and within IT-built data structures
outlined in the previous section. An IT-built semantic layer as a prerequisite for accessing the
analytic capabilities is a major defining characteristic of a traditional BI platform.

A modern BI platform does not require exclusive access through a predefined semantic layer.
Rather, a data model is built by harmonizing and enriching a range of modeled and unmodeled
data sources in the data preparation layer and as part of visual-based analysis. The degree and
extent of reusability of the model and the objects defined within the model vary by vendor. This
allows users to autonomously and iteratively ingest and prepare data enabled by columnar/in-
memory data storage to support analytical speed and agility. The rapid modeling and prototyping
within the analytic BI platform may also be used as requirements for data persistence within a
data warehouse. In choosing where to model and how to store the data, customers must always
consider the trade-offs between reusability, consistency, scalability and agility (see "Avoid a Big
Data Warehouse Mistake by Evolving to the Logical Data Warehouse Now" ). It accomplishes this
through the self-service data preparation capabilities listed in the sections below; aspects of
"augmented data preparation" that use machine learning may automate some of the work and
accelerate the time to insight (see "Augmented Analytics Is the Future of Data and Analytics" ).

Agile modeling:
These are capabilities to prepare data for analysis that are accessed by IT staff or power users,
data analysts, and data engineers. They may be manual or augmented by machine learning, but
support an iterative and agile workflow because of the self-contained nature of the analytics and
BI platform. Capabilities include:
Data transformation
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Data cleansing/data quality

Data enrichment

Custom grouping and calculations

Auto-inference:
These capabilities introduce automation into the self-service data preparation workflow, thereby
enabling self-service data preparation for a broader range of nontechnical users. Capabilities
include:

Inference of relationships between dataset entities (schema-on-read)

Automated classification of dimensions/measures

Built-in geocoding
Built-in date conversion and time series functions

Data profiling with data quality improvement recommendations

Data distribution, relationships, statistics and outlier detection

Machine learning to predict analysts' content usage and recommend datasets

Data blending:

This is the ability to join datasets before loading them into a columnar or in-memory BI platform
data store, or for the purpose of creating a federated/logical view of data for direct access using
the following capabilities:

Manual definition of table joins and relationships

Inference and suggestions for the correct table joins and relationships
A modern analytics and BI platform ideally supports the blending of disparate data sources,
either in a reusable model for others to consume or within an individual dashboard view. Data
virtualization tools may provide an alternative, but the difference here is in the ease by which a
business user can perform this task.
Direct query:

In some cases, it is desirable to draw on the performance capabilities and/or security

infrastructure and associated rules of the underlying environment hosting the data, but to
perform some self-service data preparation capabilities in the analytics and BI platform layer
without replicating a result set in the platform's columnar/in-memory data store.

While a semantic layer is generally considered a required component of a traditional BI platform,

it can also serve as an effective option for governing a modern analytics and BI platform through
the promotion of user-built data models to the system-of-record semantic layer where there is a
broader organizational need to share and standardize analytic content. An existing IT-built
semantic layer can also serve as a data source in a modern BI platform, provided that end users
can integrate objects defined in the semantic layer with other data sources using the self-service
data preparation capabilities of a modern BI platform outlined previously.

Content Authoring: From IT-Created to Business-User-Created

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The type of analytic content typically supported by traditional BI platforms is generally

descriptive and answers the question, "What happened?" (see "Extend Your Portfolio of Analytics
Capabilities" ). For this, information must be collected, modeled and stored, which typically
requires significant IT involvement following the traditional data management practices outlined
in the previous data sections. For use cases where system-of-record reporting is a requirement
or where management dashboards are used to display key performance indicators (KPIs) central
to the business, IT-centric reporting with predefined navigation, drill paths and interactivity
sourced from modeled environments designed for these requirements may be appropriate.
Increasingly, however, modern analytics and BI platforms are aiming to serve both Mode 1 and
Mode 2 use cases in a single platform.

For a BI platform to be considered modern, it must offer self-service capabilities that enable
nontechnical users to do the following without assistance from their IT department:

Develop free-form and intuitive interactive analytic content

Design and create analytic dashboard applications

Create storyboards/narratives

In contrast to traditional BI platforms that primarily address the descriptive end of the analytic
spectrum, modern analytics and BI platforms enable nontechnical content authors not only to
address descriptive analytics, but also to evolve to diagnostic analytics to answer the question,
"Why did this happen?" and, increasingly, to predictive analytics ("What might happen?"). They do
so by means of intuitive drag-and-drop authoring environments for interactive visualization and
increasingly advanced analytics for citizen data scientists supporting clustering, forecasting and
other data science.

Modern analytics and BI platforms support a workflow that enables business users to begin with
interactive exploration and rapid prototyping, the result being deployment of production content
for distribution and consumption. This is in stark contrast to the traditional approach to BI,
whereby all requirements had to be identified in the initial phases of a project — the traditional BI
platform being designed for a top-down approach, in contrast to the modern bottom-up
approach.
A critical point to note is that simply adding modern capabilities, such as visualization or
collaboration, to a BI platform that requires traditional data access and/or data
ingestion/preparation does not make that platform modern. All aspects of the analytic workflow
must be modern for a BI platform to be categorized as such.
Analysis: From Predefined Reporting to Free-Form Visual Exploration
As noted in the previous section, much of the analytic content that will be created for
consumption by a growing population of business users in the modern BI world will originate as
interactive exploration accessed by nontechnical users through modern analytics and BI
platforms. This need will continue to evolve and expand as organizations seek to increase the
degree to which analytics drive organizational decision making and as access to data and
analytic capabilities is extended to all workers. The types of analysis that a modern BI platform
will be required to support include:
Interaction with, and free-form interaction iterative modeling of, data through visual
exploration, search, natural-language query and conversational bots

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Exploration and navigation of analytic dashboards and embedded analytic content

Interaction with and consumption of storyboards and infographics

Consumption of dynamic analytic narratives describing key insights

The evolution and expansion of analytic interaction required by business users and analysts are
blurring the lines between producers, enablers and consumers, and have changed requirements
for analytics and BI platforms. Traditional BI platforms were designed to support a supplier-
consumer model of BI, whereby all reporting and analytic needs were defined upfront, so that IT
staff could translate data into production-grade reports and dashboards for end users to
consume. From an end-user perspective, traditional BI platforms support the following types of
interaction:

Interaction with IT-built reports and dashboards

Interaction with a semantic/metadata layer for ad hoc analysis

Interaction with a multidimensional OLAP cube for ad hoc analysis

It is further expected that a modern analytics and BI platform will support a diverse range of
interaction options that enable end users to access analytic capabilities from any physical
location via a web browser or any form factor of mobile device. Traditional BI delivery through
client/server-based platforms that require desktop software for every content user or additional
IT-led development efforts to enable mobile device access does not support the modern need for
speed and agility.
Business users and analysts are also receptive to new ways of interacting with data through
automated recommendations, new visualizations types and augmented data discovery (see
"Augmented Analytics Is the Future of Data and Analytics" ). All of these will continue to evolve
and mature to the point where they become assumed features of modern analytics and BI
platforms.

Insight Delivery: From Distribution to Collaborative Storytelling

The ability to schedule and deliver IT-built static or parameterized management-style reports to
large numbers of users, who often print them, is a key feature of traditional BI platforms. IT-
authored, KPI-centric dashboards with scheduled refreshes and notifications based on changes
are also important features that enable users to monitor what has happened in terms of the
performance measures that IT and business executives have identified as the most important
drivers of the business.

Key traditional BI insight delivery and sharing capabilities include:

Scheduled refresh and delivery to consumers of reports that are often printed
Scheduled refresh of dashboards, with notification of updates of new data or new business
events

However, without a modern BI platform, interactivity is limited, predefined and often restricted by
the content author, so users frequently export report data to other formats (such as Microsoft
Excel) to continue to analyze it and to combine it with other sources. The way insights are shared
and socialized by modern analytic BI platforms is one of their key attractions.

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In modern analytics and BI platforms, sharing, collaborating and socializing of content through a
portal and/or social and collaboration capabilities enhances the interpretation of results and
deciding on the best resulting actions. This activity is further enhanced by the ability to string
together insights as interactive and shared storyboards that "walk" collaborators through a series
of insights that lead to conclusions and recommended actions. Modern analytics and BI
platforms also enable users to define triggers and thresholds that produce automatic alerts and
notifications when certain user-specified conditions are met or thresholds exceeded.

Natural-language generation (NLG) is an emerging capability that automatically generates a

context-sensitive narrative that focuses the user/consumer of shared content on what is
statistically significant in the data. The creation of storyboards will increasingly be facilitated,
and potentially automated, by NLG capabilities, which will increase the scalability and reach of
analytics within organizations. Visualizations contextualized and enriched by easy-to-understand
narratives, either analyst- or NLG-created, accelerate the time to insight. They also improve the
accuracy of insights and conclusions made from analytic content delivered to, and shared with,
an expanded set of users who may have limited analytics skills.

Key modern BI platform capabilities for sharing insights include:

Content sharing and collaboration of modern analytic content through a portal

Social interaction about analytic content using live chats, annotations, conversation timelines,
likes/dislikes, content rating, ability to follow, recommendations and so on
Alerts and notifications based on manually defined or automated triggers/thresholds

Open APIs to allow external access to user-built data models and analytic content developed
within the modern BI platform's self-contained architecture

Benefits and Uses

The benefits of modern BI platforms are the enabling of fast time to insight, the ability to change
and evolve at the speed of business, and the ability to use information as a strategic competitive
advantage.

The innovation that comes with an agile and iterative modern analytic BI platform delivers the
necessary building blocks to increase analytic maturity and derive value from data. This allows
organizations to gain new, previously undiscovered insights with which to improve decision
making. It also creates opportunities for differentiation and new revenue streams as new
insights are packaged and extended to customers, partners and suppliers.
Adoption Rate
Demand for modern analytic BI platforms now reflects mainstream buying, in which revenue
growth in this market is in double digits, while traditional BI buying is flat to declining (see
"Market Share: Analytics and Business Intelligence, Worldwide, 2016" ).
Figure 2 reflects investment plans based on a 1Q17 Gartner webinar that shows growth and
continued investment in modernizing.
Figure 2. Plans for Modernizing and Enabling Business-User-Authored Content

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n = 129
Source: Gartner (September 2017)

Figure 3 is based on the Gartner BI and analytics Magic Quadrant survey conducted in 4Q16. This
survey includes vendor-supplied customer references and is, thus, for customers who have
already deployed modern BI and analytic capabilities. The results of this survey were derived
from 1,931 responses. Although 20% of the survey respondents say they do not plan to offer
business-authored content, this may be that customers are modernizing, but IT continues to
model data sources, author dashboards and reports using modern capabilities.
Figure 3. Plans for Enabling Business-Authored Content

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Base: n = 1398
Question: What is the state of your BI and analytics portfolio for business-authored content?
Source: Gartner (September 2017)

Risks
Data and analytics leaders that fail to adopt modern platforms will be unable to respond to the
faster pace of business, more sophisticated analytic requirements and to users' voracious
appetite for fast insights from more data sources than ever before. A traditional centralized and
rigidly IT-centric approach cannot meet these new, time-sensitive requirements.

But despite the obvious benefits of BI platform modernization, organizations must assess the
potential drawbacks of a shift to a modern BI platform:

The possible need for significant change management and additional resources to help the IT
organization support the new data and analytics operating model

The potential complexity of integrating existing BI infrastructure with a new modern BI

platform — especially when the task involves multiple locations and business units, and
different information latency and data quality requirements

The risk of information chaos as a result of inadequate information management discipline

(with regard to data consistency, data quality and so on), insufficient expertise, and low
analytic skills and low data literacy of business users (see "Information as a Second Language:
Enabling Data Literacy for Digital Society" )

Cultural implications of broader data access and a shift in roles and responsibilities

Evaluation Factors
Gartner publishes a detailed "Critical Capabilities for Business Intelligence and Analytics
Platforms" report as a companion to the "Magic Quadrant for Business Intelligence and Analytics
Platforms." This provides an in-depth comparison of products and vendors that meet the
definition of a modern analytic BI platform. Additionally, "Toolkit: BI and Analytics Platform RFP"
covers the detailed functionality that a modern analytic and BI platform should have.

Recommendations
Data and analytics leaders should use modern analytics and BI platforms' capabilities to
introduce agility and iterative development of analytic content into their organizations. Rather
than focus on upfront modeling and development of data structures that will prove difficult to
adapt to changing business conditions, the IT organization must adopt an enablement role and
empower business users and analysts to derive timely insights with the highest business value.

Existing investments in traditional BI platforms, supporting processes and data structures should
still be used, where appropriate, to promote consistency; however, data and analytics leaders
must balance the need for consistency and scalability with the ever-increasing need for speed
and agility. They must determine how to support both ends of the spectrum and provide an
appropriate mix of skills, training and support for each user and use case.

Finally, data and analytics leaders must take a holistic approach to platform modernization. They
need to realize that, without appropriate change management, skills readiness, a data-driven
culture, comprehensive data and analytics strategy, adding modern capabilities to a traditional,

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IT-led program will not yield the full benefits of a modern analytics and BI platform.

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