Module 5

HAZARD ANALYSIS PREVENTION

AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Identify hazards and conduct risk assessment

 SUBTOPIC 1
Hazard Identification
HAZARD
• Condition or set of
circumstances that present a
potential for harm
• Any real or potential
condition that can cause
injury or death, or damage to
or loss of equipment or
property
HAZARD
• Health hazards: • Safety hazards: physical
occupational illnesses harm, injuries
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
• Process of examining each work area and work task for the
purpose of identifying all the hazards which are “inherent in the
job”
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified in:
• Environments (light, noise, rain, heat, sun)
• Substances (chemicals, fuels, dusts)
• Workplace layout (designs)
• Work organization (unnecessary manual handling)
• Equipment (ladders, squeeze chutes, crowd gates)
• Heights (roofs, vertical and horizontal)
• Electricity (switches, cables, leads, power tools, connections)
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Observation
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Hazard and risk surveys
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Children and visitors
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Record analysis
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Discussion groups
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Safety audits
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Information
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Consumer information
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards may be identified by:
• Regulations and best practices
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
Hazards are likely to be found in:
• Physical work environment
• Equipment, materials, or substances used
• Work tasks and how they are performed
• Work design and management
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety
2. Biological
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic
5. Chemical
6. Organization
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety Include unsafe conditions that can cause
2. Biological injury, illness and death
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic Examples include: Spills on floors,
5. Chemical tripping hazards, working from heights,
6. Organization unguarded machinery, moving machinery
parts; guards removed, moving parts that
a worker can accidentally touch, Electrical
hazards, Confined spaces, Machinery-
related hazards
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety Associated with working with animals,
2. Biological people, or infectious plant materials.
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic
5. Chemical Examples include: Blood and other body
6. Organization fluids, Fungi/mold, Bacteria and viruses,
Plants, Insect bites, Animal and bird
droppings
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety Factors within the environment that can harm
2. Biological the body without necessarily touching it.
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic
5. Chemical Examples include: Radiation either
6. Organization ionizing or nonionizing (EMF’s,
microwaves, radiowaves, etc.), High
exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays,
Temperature extremes – hot and cold,
Constant loud noise, Vibrations
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety Occur when the type of work, body positions
2. Biological and working conditions put strain on body.
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic Examples include: Improperly adjusted
5. Chemical workstations and chairs, Frequent lifting,
6. Organization Poor posture, Awkward movements,
especially if they are repetitive,
Repeating the same movements over and
over, Having to use too much force,
especially if have to do it frequently,
Vibration
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety Present when a human is exposed to any
2. Biological chemical preparation in the workplace in any
3. Physical form (solid, liquid or gas).
4. Ergonomic
5. Chemical Examples include: Liquids like cleaning
6. Organization products, paints, acids, solvents, Vapors and
fumes that come from welding or exposure
to solvents, Gases like acetylene, propane,
carbon monoxide and helium, Flammable
materials like gasoline, solvents, and
explosive chemicals, Pesticides
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety Associated with workplace issues such as
2. Biological workload, lack of control and/or respect, etc.
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic
5. Chemical Examples include: Workload demands,
6. Organization Workplace violence, Intensity and/or pace,
Respect (or lack of), Flexibility, Control or say
about things, Social support/relations, Sexual
harassment
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
• Technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify
hazards before they occur
• Focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the
tools, and the work environment
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
Priority should go to the following types of jobs:
• Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates
• Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or illnesses,
even if there is no history of previous accidents
• Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe accident or
injury
• Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in
processes and procedures
• Jobs complex enough to require written instructions.
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS (JHA)
Active Learning Activity #6
• Conduct a walkthrough right now of your house/dormitory floor.
• While doing the walkthrough, conduct a hazard analysis of the different
hazards that you have observed.
• Identify at least five (5) conditions/activities/tasks.
• Make a form using the following format:

Condition/Activity/Task | Potential Hazard | Type of Hazard | Action to be taken

 Module 5
HAZARD ANALYSIS PREVENTION
AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Identify hazards and conduct risk assessment

 SUBTOPIC 2
Risk Assessment
RISK
RISK
• Likelihood, or possibility, that harm (injury, illness, death,
damage etc.) may occur from exposure to a hazard.
RISK
Risk Assessment
• Process of assessing risks associated with each of identified hazards
• Includes nature of harm, severity of that harm, and likelihood of occurring

Risk Control
• Actions to eliminate health and safety risks

Monitoring and Review

• Monitoring of hazards identified, risks assessed, and risk control
processes and reviewing to ensure effectivity
RISK
A risk assessment assists in determining:
• How severe a risk is
• Whether existing control measures are effective
• What action should be taken to control a risk
• How urgently action needs to be taken
RISK
A risk assessment should include:
1. Identification of factors that may be contributing to the risk.
2. Review of health and safety information from an authoritative
source
3. Evaluation of how severe the harm could be
4. Evaluation of how a hazard may cause harm
5. Determining of likelihood of harm occurring
6. Identification of actions necessary to eliminate or control the
risk
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
A structured and systematic process
that answers the following four specific questions:

1. How severe are potential injuries?

2. How frequently are employees exposed to the
potential hazards?
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
A structured and systematic process
that answers the following four specific questions:

3. What is the possibility of avoiding the hazard if it does

occur?
4. What is the likelihood of an injury should a safety
control system fail?
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
S = Severity
Question 1: Severity of potential injuries
S1 - Slight injury (bruise, abrasion)
S2 - Severe injury (amputation or death)
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
F = Frequency
Question 2: Frequency of exposure to potential hazards
F1 - Infrequent exposure
F2 - From frequent to continuous exposure
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
P = Possibility
Question 3: Possibility of avoiding the hazard if it occurs
P1 - Possible
P2 - Less possible to not impossible
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
L = Likelihood
Question 4: Likelihood that the hazard will occur
L1 - Highly unlikely L2 - Unlikely
L3 - Highly likely
RISK ASSESSMENT
DECISION TREE
RL = Risk Levels
B – Very Low 1 – Low 2 – Moderate
3 – High 4 – Critical
RISK RANKING MATRIX
RISK RANKING MATRIX
RISK RANKING MATRIX
RISK RANKING MATRIX
Active Learning Activity #7
• Based on the responses you provided in SW6 (AL6), conduct a risk
assessment on each of the hazards you identified to determine its risk
level
• You may use either the Risk Assessment Decision Tree or the Risk
Ranking Matrix

Example:
Hazard: Boiling Cooking Oil Spillage During Cooking
Risk Level (Using Decision Tree): Sever Injury (S2) → Frequent exposure
(F2) → Possible to avoid (P1) → Unlikely (L2) → B or 1 (Very low or low)
Active Learning Activity #7
• Based on the responses you provided in SW6 (AL6), conduct a risk
assessment on each of the hazards you identified to determine its risk
level
• You may use either the Risk Assessment Decision Tree or the Risk
Ranking Matrix

Example:
Hazard: Leptospirosis from rats and mice in the kitchen
Risk Level (Using Risk Ranking Matrix):
Consequence: Death (someone could die due to disease)
Likelihood: Possible/Probable (Estimated once in 5 to 20 years)
Risk Level: High
 Module 6
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Discuss the five (5) major classes of workplace hazards

2. Explain the overview of safety management systems
 SUBTOPIC 1
Classes of Workplace
Hazards
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards:
1. Safety
2. Biological
3. Physical
4. Ergonomic
5. Chemical
6. Organization
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Safety Hazards

• Include unsafe conditions that can cause injury, illness and

death
• Examples: Spills on floors, tripping hazards, working from
heights, unguarded machinery, moving machinery parts;
guards removed, moving parts that a worker can accidentally
touch, Electrical hazards, Confined spaces, Machinery-related
hazards
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Safety Hazards

• Spills

• Obstacles- Tripping hazards occur when obstacles are in

paths. They include blocked aisles, cords on the floor or
poor equipment placement.

• Heights
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Safety Hazards

• Machines- equipment with moving parts like forklifts, farming

equipment or excavators

• Tools- chainsaws, electrical equipment or hammers

• Electricity- frayed cords, missing ground pins, improper wiring

or contact with live wires
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Biological

• Associated with working with animals, people, or infectious

plant materials.
• Typically in the form of bacteria and viruses transmitted by
contact with insects, birds, animals, plants and fungi, and other
humans.
• Examples: Blood and other body fluids, Fungi/mold, Bacteria
and viruses, Plants, Insect bites, Animal and bird droppings
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Biological

• Plants and insects- poisonous plants, stinging insects or biting

reptiles.

• Blood and bodily fluids

• Communicable diseases- bacteria and viruses that are

airborne or communicable.
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Biological

• Fungi and mold: settings like health care, home renovations,

demolition

• Animal and bird droppings-

WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Physical

• Factors within the environment that can harm the body without
necessarily touching it.
• Things or agents that may come into contact with the body
with potential for harm
• Examples: Radiation either ionizing or nonionizing (EMF’s,
microwaves, radiowaves, etc.), High exposure to
sunlight/ultraviolet rays, Temperature extremes – hot and
cold, Constant loud noise, Vibrations
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Physical

• Heat- out in the open areas under the influence of the sun’s
heat, underground work in mines and tunnels, working next to
the boilers and furnaces, and in front of bakeries.

• Cold- Work inside refrigerators and ice and ice cream factories
and other cold places, work in the laboratory containing
devices need to cold temperatures to work effectively
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Physical

• Lighting- Exposure to glare during the cutting and welding

operations, Exposure to dazzling lighting during quality control
operations

• Noise- textile industry, forging and plumbing operations,

grinding and screening processes to purify metals and stones,
work at the airport landing places and the take-off of airplanes,
Tests of machinery driving in cars and diesel industry
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Physical

• Atmospheric pressure- working inside the tunnels or acts of

diving or aviation, works in which workers are exposed to
variations in pressure rise to the upper layers of the
atmosphere inside the aircraft, work in digging trenches and
tunnels to great depths, work in diving to great depths
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Physical

• Moisture- produced as a result of some industrial processes

such as dyeing and tanning and others where there are
liquids.

• Ventilation

• Radiation- Thermal, optical, electrical, atomic

WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Ergonomic

• Occur when the type of work, body positions and working

conditions put strain on body.

• Examples: Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs,

Frequent lifting, Poor posture, Awkward movements,
especially if they are repetitive, Repeating the same
movements over and over, Having to use too much force,
especially if have to do it frequently, Vibration
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Ergonomic

• Lifting

• Sitting

• Posture- stooping over an assembly line, poor posture

while using a computer or standing too long
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Chemical

• Present when a human is exposed to any chemical

preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or
gas).
• Examples: Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids,
solvents, Vapors and fumes that come from welding or
exposure to solvents, Gases like acetylene, propane,
carbon monoxide and helium, Flammable materials like
gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals, Pesticides
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Chemical

• Present when a human is exposed to any chemical

preparation in the workplace in any form (solid, liquid or
gas).
• Examples: Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids,
solvents, Vapors and fumes that come from welding or
exposure to solvents, Gases like acetylene, propane,
carbon monoxide and helium, Flammable materials like
gasoline, solvents, and explosive chemicals, Pesticides
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Chemical

• May be: Liquid, Solid, Gaseous

• Liquid: organic solvents- acids- paints- detergent liquid-

liquid pesticides, which enter through skin absorption,
ingestion or injection.
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Chemical

• May be: Liquid, Solid, Gaseous

• Solid: dusts of chemical materials as pesticides and dust

of industrial processes such as cement and asbestos,
which enter through the nose or mouth.
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Chemical

• May be: Liquid, Solid, Gaseous

• Gaseous: vapors, fumes and metal gases generated by

welding metal, and the evaporation, burning, and reaction
of the chemical materials due to misuse, storage or
outputs from work processes (gas, steaming, splashes ...),
which enter through the respiratory system.
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Chemical

• May enter the human body through four ways:

- Inhalation
- Absorption through the skin
- Absorption through the eyes
- Ingestion
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:
General Classes of Hazards: Organization

• Associated with workplace issues such as workload, lack

of control and/or respect, etc.
• Examples: Workload demands, Workplace violence,
Intensity and/or pace, Respect (or lack of), Flexibility,
Control or say about things, Social support/relations,
Sexual harassment, Discrimination
SICK BUILDING SYNDROME
WORKPLACE HAZARDS:

Psycho-social
• Can arise out of the many different ways that people interact
with each other.
 Module 6
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Discuss the five (5) major classes of workplace hazards

2. Explain the overview of safety management systems
 SUBTOPIC 2
Overview of Safety
Management Systems
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• A process that minimizes workplace injuries and illnesses.

• The system's scope and complexity depend on the
workplace type and work nature.
• Its purpose is ongoing hazard identification and control for
worker health and safety.
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Assess

Adjust Plan

Monitor/evaluate Implement
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Identify hazards and evaluate risks. Assess
• Understand compliance
requirements.
• Gain a comprehensive view Adjust Plan

of the current safety

conditions.

Monitor/evaluate Implement
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Set safety objectives and goals. Assess
• Outline strategies, policies, and
procedures.
• Allocate resources and Adjust Plan

define responsibilities.
• Prepare a roadmap for safety
improvement.
Monitor/evaluate Implement
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Execute the strategies and policies. Assess
• Conduct safety training.
• Ensure employees are aware
of their safety Adjust Plan

responsibilities.
• Transform the safety plan into
action.
Monitor/evaluate Implement
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Continuously assess safety measures. Assess
• Conduct inspections and safety
audits.
• Analyze incident reports Adjust Plan

and data.
• Measure progress and
compliance.
Monitor/evaluate Implement
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Adapt safety plans and procedures. Assess
• Update policies and enhance
training.
• Make necessary changes Adjust Plan

based on monitoring and

evaluation.
• Ensure the OHS management
system remains up to date. Monitor/evaluate Implement
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Elements:
• Assessment of risk/hazard analysis
• Planning for hazard abatement and control
• Establishment of performance outcomes (goals and objectives)
• Establishment of roles and responsibilities
• Training related to occupational safety and health
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Elements:
• Communication with stakeholders
• Procedures for controlling hazards and risks
• Emergency response plans and procedures
• Regular, ongoing measurement of performance (achievement
of occupational safety and health goals and objectives)
• Closing the loop: acting on the results of evaluations in ways
that continually improve safety and health in the workplace
SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Benefits:
1. Improve the attitudes of personnel about their working environment
2. Increase the amount of participation in safety and health activities as well
as the perceptions of personnel about those activities
3. Reduce lost time due to injuries and accidents and the costs associated
with lost time
4. Increase productivity
5. Enhance morale at all levels.