Intermediate Algebra With Applications and Visualization 3Rd Edition Rockswold Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
Intermediate Algebra With Applications and Visualization 3Rd Edition Rockswold Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF
13
9. −1, since it satisfies both equations. The ordered pair (4, 6) does not satisfy 4x + 3y = 9.
3
10. (4, 0) since it satisfies both equations. The ordered pair (3, 5) does not satisfy 5x − 4 y = 20.
Graphical Solutions
11. See Figure 11. The solution is (1, 1).
Figure 17 Figure 18
18. See Figure 18. The solution is (3, 0).
19. The solution is the intersection point (3, 1).
20. The solution is the intersection point (2, –1).
21. The two lines do not intersect. There are no solutions.
22. The two lines are identical. There are infinitely many solutions that satisfy {(x, y)| x + y = 2}.
23. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
−x + y = 1 y = x +1 and x + y = 3 y = 3 − x
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (1, 2). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
24. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
x + y = 2 y = 2 − x and x − y = 2 y = x − 2
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (2, 0). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
25. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
2x + y = 5 y = 5 − 2x and −2x + y = −3 y = 2x − 3
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (2, 1). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
26. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
3 −x
x + 2 y = 3 y = and 2x − y = 1 y = 2x −1
2
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (1, 1). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
27. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
x + y = 3 y = 3 − x and 2x + 2 y = 6 y = 3 − x
The graphs (not shown) are identical, {(x, y)|x + y = 3}. The system is consistent. The equations are
dependent.
28. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
x − y = 1 y = x −1 and − x + y = 3 y = x + 3
The graphs (not shown) are parallel. There are no solutions. The system is inconsistent.
170 CHAPTER 4 Systems
Systems
of Linear
of Linear
Equations
Equations in Two Variables SECTION 4.1 170
29. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
3x − y = 0 y = 3x and 2x + y = 5 y = 5 − 2x
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (1, 3). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
30. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
−2x − y = −3 y = 3 − 2x and x + y = 2 y = 2 − x
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (1, 1). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
31. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
−2x + y = 3 y = 2x + 3 and 4x − 2 y = 2 y = 2x −1
The graphs (not shown) are parallel. There are no solutions. The system is inconsistent.
32. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
1 −x 1 −x
2x + 4 y = 2 y = and −x − 2 y = −1 y =
2 2
The graphs (not shown) are identical, {(x, y)|x + 2 y = 1}. The system is consistent. The equations are
dependent.
33. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
x + y = 6 y = 6 − x and x − y = 2 y = x − 2
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (4, 2). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
34. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
x + y = 9 y = 9 − x and x − y = 3 y = x − 3
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (6, 3). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
35. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
x − y = 4 y = x − 4 and 2x − 2 y = 4 y = x − 2
The graphs (not shown) are parallel. There are no solutions. The system is inconsistent.
36. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
2x + y = 5 y = 5 − 2x and 4x + 2 y = 10 y = 5 − 2x
The graphs (not shown) are identical, {( x, y )|2x + y = 5}. The system is consistent. The equations are
dependent.
37. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
3x +1 3x +1
6x − 4 y = −2 y = and −3x + 2 y = 1 y =
2 2
The graphs (not shown) are identical, {( x, y )| −3x + 2 y = 1}. The system is consistent. The equations are
dependent.
38. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
171 CHAPTER 4 Systems
Systems
of Linear
of Linear
Equations
Equations in Two Variables SECTION 4.1 171
4 x −3 8x +1
4x − 3y = 3 y = and −8x + 6 y = 1 y =
3 6
172 CHAPTER 4 Systems
Systems
of Linear
of Linear
Equations
Equations in Two Variables SECTION 4.1 172
The graphs (not shown) are parallel. There are no solutions. The system is inconsistent.
39. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
2 −4 x 6 −5 x
4x + 3y = 2 y = and 5x + 2 y = 6 y =
3 2
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point ( 2, − 2 ) . The system is consistent. The equations are
independent.
40. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
3x +4
−3x + 2 y = 4 y = and 4x − y = 3 y = 4x − 3
2
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (2, 5). The system is consistent. The equations are independent.
41. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
x +2
2x + 2 y = 4 y = 2 − x and x − 3y = −2 y =
3
− x − y = y = −x − 3 and x − y = 3 y = 2x − 6
1 1 3 1
2 2 2 2
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (1, − 4 ) .
44. The system can be solved graphically by solving each equation for y and then graphing.
3x −6
y = 1 y = 8 − 4x and − y = −1 y =
1 1 1 5
x+ x+
2 8 2 6 5
The graphs (not shown) intersect at the point (2, 0).
45. (a) x + y = 4: To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x: x + 0 = 4 x = 4; to find the y-intercept, let
x − y = −2: To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x: x − 0 = −2 x = −2; to find the y-intercept,
let x = 0 and solve for y: 0 − y = −2 − y = −2 y = 2.
−2x + y = 8: To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x: − 2x + 0 = 8 − 2x = 8 x = −4; to find
the y-intercept, let x = 0 and solve for y: − 2(0) + y = 8 y = 8.
x + y = 4: To find the x-intercept, let y = 0 and solve for x: x + 0 = 4 x = 4; to find the y-intercept, let
x = 0 and solve for y: 0 + y = 4 y = 4.
Figure 48b
y = − x +
1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3
49. Note that x+ y= and x − y = − y = x+ .
4 2 20 2 10 8 10 8 10
y = x + .
4 1 1 1 1 2 1
x − y = y = x − and x − y = −
1 3 1
50. Note that
2 8 8 3 3 3 2 12 3 6
175 CHAPTER 4 Systems
Systems
of Linear
of Linear
Equations
Equations in Two Variables SECTION 4.1 175
Figure 49 Figure 50
1 5 7
51. Note that 0.1x + 0.2 y = 0.25 y = − x + and 0.7x − 0.3y = 0.9 y = x − 3.
2 4 3
Figure 51 Figure 52
23 563 11 43
52. Note that 2.3x + 4.3y = 5.63 y = − x+ and 1.1x − 3.6 y = 0.43 y = x− .
43 430 36 360
Graph Y1 = ( −23 43) X + ( 563 430 ) and Y2 = (11 36 ) X − ( 43 360 ) in [0, 2, 1] by [0, 2, 1]. See Figure 52.
Graph Y1 = −0.5X + 250 and Y2 = 3X −100 in [0, 300, 50] by [0, 300, 50]. See Figure 53.
The unique solution is the intersection point (100, 200).
54. Note that 0.5x + 0.2 y = 14 y = −2.5x + 70 and −0.1x + 0.4 y = 6 y = 0.25x +15.
Graph Y1 = −2.5X + 70 and Y2 = 0.25X +15 in [0, 30, 5] by [0, 30, 5]. See Figure 54.
The unique solution is the intersection point (20, 20).
[0, 300, 50] by [0, 300, 50] [0, 30, 5] by [0, 30, 5]
Figure 53 Figure 54
176 CHAPTER 4 Systems
Systems
of Linear
of Linear
Equations
Equations in Two Variables SECTION 4.1 176
Figure 55 Figure 56
1 5 1 1
55. Note that x − 2 y = 5 y = x − and −2x + 4 y = −2 y = x − .
2 2 2 2
Graph Y1 = (1 2 ) X − ( 5 2 ) and Y2 = (1 2 ) X − (1 2 ) in [–10, 10, 1] by [–10, 10, 1]. See Figure 55.
Graph Y1 = ( −3 4 ) X + ( 5 4 ) and Y2 = ( −3 4 ) X + ( 5 4 ) in [–10, 10, 1] by [–10, 10, 1]. See Figure 56.
Since the lines coincide, there are infinitely many solutions of the form {( x, y ) |3x + 4 y = 5}.
Numerical Solutions
57. Since y1 = y2 = 3 when x = 2, the solution is (2, 3).
2 7 3 13
64. Note that 2x + 3y = 3.5 y = − x + and 3x + 2 y = 6.5 y = − x + .
3 6 2 4
177 CHAPTER 4 Systems
Systems
of Linear
of Linear
Equations
Equations in Two Variables SECTION 4.1 177
Table Y1 = ( −2 3 ) X + ( 7 6 ) and Y2 = ( −3 2 ) X + (13 4 ) with TblStart = 0 and ∆Tbl = 0.5. See Figure 64.
1 4
65. Note that 0.5x − 0.1y = 0.1 y = 5x −1 and 0.1x − 0.3y = −0.4 y = x+ .
3 3
Table Y1 = 5X −1 and Y2 = (1 3 ) X + ( 4 3) with TblStart = –1 and ∆Tbl = 0.5. See Figure 65.
1 15
y = −2x − 3 and y = − x + .
x y 1 x y 5
66. Note that + =− + =
3 6 2 6 3 2 2 2
Table Y1 = −2X − 3 and Y2 = ( −1 2 ) X + (15 2 ) with TblStart = –10 and ∆Tbl = 1. See Figure 66.
Figure 65 Figure 66
1 1 1 2
67. x + ay = 1 ay = −x + 1 y = − x + ; 2x + 2ay = 4 2ay = −2x + 4 y = − x + . So the graphs of
a a a a
1
the two lines have the same slope − but different y-intercepts. Therefore, the lines are parallel and do not
a
intersect, so there are no solutions.
68. −ax + y = 4 y = ax + 4; ax + y = 4 y = −ax + 4. The lines have slopes whose product is –1 so the lines
are perpendicular and intersect at exactly one point. Both lines have y-intercept 4, so the point (0, 4) must be
the point of intersection, and hence the solution of the system.
Writing and Solving Equations
69. (a) Let x and y represent the two numbers. Then the system needed is x + y = 18 and x − y = 6.
The graphs of these equations (not shown) intersect at the point (7, 9). The numbers are 7 and 9.
71. (a) Let x and y represent the time spent running at 6 mph and 8 mph respectively.
Then the system needed is x + y = 1 and 6x + 8 y = 7.
7 −6 x
(b) Note that x + y = 1 y = 1− x and 6x + 8 y = 7 y = .
8
The graphs of these equations (not shown) intersect at the point (0.5, 0.5).
The athlete ran for 0.5 hour at 6 mph and for 0.5 hour at 8 mph.
178 CHAPTER 4 Systems
Systems
of Linear
of Linear
Equations
Equations in Two Variables SECTION 4.1 178
72. (a) Let x and y represent the time spent driving 40 mph and 60 mph respectively.
Then the system needed is x + y = 2 and 40x + 60 y = 90.
2 3
(b) Note that x + y = 2 y = −x + 2 and 40x + 60 y = 90 y = − x + .
3 2
The graphs of these equations (not shown) intersect at the point (1.5, 0.5).
The car was driven for 1.5 hour at 40 mph and for 0.5 hour at 60 mph.
73. (a) Let x and y represent the length and width of the rectangle respectively.
Then the system needed is 2x + 2 y = 76 and x − y = 4.
The graphs of these equations (not shown) intersect at the point (21, 17).
The length of the rectangle is 21 inches and the width is 17 inches.
74. (a) Let x represent the length of the longest side and y represent the length of each of the shorter sides.
Then the system needed is x + 2 y = 100 and x − y = 10.
1
(b) Note that x + 2 y = 100 y = − x + 50 and x − y = 10 y = x −10.
2
The graphs of these equations (not shown) intersect at the point (40, 30).
The length of the longest side is 40 inches and the length of each of the shorter sides is 30 inches.
75. (a) Let x and y represent the measure of the largest angle and the measure of one of the equal angles
respectively.
Then the system needed is x + 2 y = 180 and x − y = 60.
1
(b) Note that x + 2 y = 180 y = − x + 90 and x − y = 60 y = x − 60.
2
The graphs of these equations (not shown) intersect at the point (100, 40).
The measure of the largest angle is 100° and the measure of each of the smaller angles is 40°.
76. (a) Let x and y represent the price of a box of popcorn and the price of a soft drink respectively.
Then the system needed is 2x + 3y = 7 and 3x + 2 y = 8.
2 7 3
(b) Note that 2x + 3y = 7 y = − x + and 3x + 2 y = 8 y = − x + 4.
3 3 2
The graphs of these equations (not shown) intersect at the point (2, 1).
Popcorn costs $2 per box and soft drinks cost $1 each.
Applications
77. Let x and y represent the number of times Kentucky and UCLA have appeared respectively. Then the system
needed is x + y = 80 and x − y = 8. By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown) we
find the intersection point is (44, 36). Kentucky appeared 44 times and UCLA appeared 36 times.
177 CHAPTER 4 Systems ofThe
Linear
Substitution
Equationsand Elimination Methods SECTION 4.2 177
78. Let x and y represent the amount spent on travel and the amount spent on hardware respectively. Then the
1
system needed is x + y = 40 and y = x. By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not
3
shown) we find the intersection point is (30, 10). $30 billion was spent on travel and $10 billion on computer
hardware.
79. Let x and y represent the number of home runs hit by McGwire and Sosa respectively. Then the system
needed is x + y = 136 and x − y = 4. By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown)
we find the intersection point is (70, 66). McGwire hit 70 home runs and Sosa hit 66.
80. Let x and y represent the amount borrowed at 10% and 5% respectively. Then the system needed is
x + y = 4000 and 0.1x + 0.05y = 250. By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown)
we find the intersection point is (1000, 3000). The student borrowed $1000 at 10% and $3000 at 5%.
81. Let x represent the amount invested at 4% interest, and y represent the amount invested at 5% interest. Then
the system needed is x + y = 600 and y = x +100. By solving the first equation for y and graphing both
equations (figure not shown) we find the intersection point is (250, 350). $250 is invested at 4% and $350 is
invested at 5%.
82. Let x and y represent the length and width, respectively. Then the system needed is 2x + 2 y = 14 and
x = y +1. By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown) we find the intersection point
11. Note that x − 2 y = 0 x = 2 y. Substituting x = 2 y into the second equation yields the following:
8 −2 x 8 −2 ( −2 )
3x − 2 = −14 13x = −26 x = −2 and so y =
y = 4. The solution is (–2, 4).
3 3
This result is supported by the graph’s intersection point of (–2, 4).
13. Substituting y = 3x into the second equation yields the following:
By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown), the intersection point is (1, 3).
1
14. Substituting x = y into the second equation yields the following:
2
1 1
2 y + y = 4 2 y = 4 y = 2 and so x = ( 2 ) = 1. The solution is (1, 2).
2 2
By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown), the intersection point is (1, 2).
15. Note that x + y = 2 y = 2 − x. Substituting y = 2 − x into the second equation yields:
By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown), the intersection point is (1, 1).
16. Note that x − y = 2 x = y + 2. Substituting x = y + 2 into the second equation yields:
By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown), the intersection point is (1, −1) .
By solving each equation for y and graphing each (figure not shown), the intersection point is ( 0, 2 ) .