Solution Manual For Beginning and Intermediate Algebra With Applications and Visualization 3Rd Edition by Rockswold and Krieger Isbn 0321756517 9780321756510 Full Chapter PDF
Solution Manual For Beginning and Intermediate Algebra With Applications and Visualization 3Rd Edition by Rockswold and Krieger Isbn 0321756517 9780321756510 Full Chapter PDF
21. 9 = y − 8 ⇒ 9 + 8 = y − 8 + 8 ⇒ 17 = y + 0 ⇒ 17 = y ⇒ y = 17
27. 4 + x = 1 ⇒ 4 − 4 + x = 1 − 4 ⇒ 0 + x = −3 ⇒ x = −3
28. 16 + x = −2 ⇒ 16 −16 + x = −2 −16 ⇒ 0 + x = −18 ⇒ x = −18
1 1 1 1 2 2 2
29. 1 = + y ⇒1− = − + y ⇒ = 0 + y ⇒ = y ⇒ y =
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
7 7 11 11 11
30. = −2 + y ⇒ + 2 = −2 + 2 + y ⇒ = 0 + y ⇒ = y ⇒ y =
2 2 2 2 2
31. a
32. a
1
33.
5
3
34.
4
35. 6
36. 0.2
5x 15
37. 5x = 15 ⇒ = ⇒x = 3
5 5
− 2x 8
38. −2x = 8 ⇒ = ⇒ x = −4
−2 −2
−7x 0
39. −7x = 0 ⇒ = ⇒x = 0
−7 −7
25x 0
40. 25x = 0 ⇒ = ⇒x = 0
25 25
− −
41. −35 = −5a ⇒ 35 = ⇒7 = a ⇒a = 7
5a
−5 −5
− 32 − 4a
42. −32 = −4a ⇒ = ⇒8 = a ⇒a = 8
−4 −4
− 3a
43. −18 = 3a ⇒ 18 = ⇒ −6 = a ⇒ a = −6
3 3
−70 10a
44. −70 = 10a ⇒ = ⇒ −7 = a ⇒ a = −7
10 10
1 3 2 1 3 2
45. x= ⇒ ⋅ x= ⋅ ⇒x = 3
2 2 1 2 21
3 5 4 3 5 4 5
46. x = ⇒ ⋅ x= ⋅ ⇒x =
4 8 3 4 8 3 6
1 2 5 1 5 2 5 5
47. = z⇒ ⋅ = ⋅ z ⇒ = z ⇒z =
2 5 2 2 2 5 4 4
3 1 3 ⎛ 8⎞
8 ⎛ 1⎞
48. − =− z ⇒− ⋅ −
=− ⋅ − z ⇒6 = z ⇒z = 6
4 8 4 ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎜
1 8 ⎟
54 Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
0.2 0.2
6.4 1.6x
6.4 = 1.6x ⇒ = ⇒4 = x ⇒x = 4
52.
1.6 1.6
53. a
54. a
55. (a) See Figure 55.
(b) Let R represent total rainfall and let x represent the number of hours past noon. Start with 3
1
inches of rain and then add , or 0.5, inches per hour after noon,
2
3 + 0.5x = R, or equivalently R = 0.5x + 3.
(c) At 3 pm, x = 3. Substituting x with 3 in the formula, R = 0.5 ⋅ 3+ 3 ⇒ R = 4.5 inches. This
Figure 55 Figure 56
56. (a) See Figure 56.
(b) Let T represent the temperature and let x represent the number of hours past midnight. Since
the temperature increases 10ºF per hour, T = 10x.
(c) At 5 am, x = 5. Substituting x with 5 in the formula, T = 10 ⋅ 5 ⇒ T = 50º F. This agrees with
57. (a) Let L be the length of the football fields and x be the number of fields. Because each field x
contains 300 feet, L = 300x.
(b) Substitute L with 870. Then 870 = 300x.
870 300x 870
(c) 870 = 300x ⇒ = ⇒x = ⇒ x = 2.9
300 300 300
58. (a) Let A represent the number of acres and let S represent the number of square feet. Because
each acre contains 43,560 square feet, let S = 43,560A.
(b) Substitute S with 871,200. Then, 871, 200 = 43,560A.
871, 200 43,560A 871,200
(c) 871,200 = 43,560A ⇒ = ⇒ A= ⇒ A = 20
43,560 43,560 43,560
56 Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequalities
59. The formula for this scenario is T = 0.3x where x is in days and T is in millions. To find the number
of days needed for Twitter to add 15 million new accounts, replace the variable T in the formula
15 0.3x
with 15. T = 0.3x ⇒ 15 = 0.3x ⇒ = ⇒ 50 = x At this rate it takes 50 days to add 15
0.3 0.3
million accounts.
60. The formula for this scenario is W = 14,000x where x is in days and W is the number of visitors. To
find the number of days for the Web site to add 98,000 new visitors, replace the variable W inthe
98, 000 14, 000x
formula with 98,000. W = 14, 000x ⇒ 98,000 = 14, 000x ⇒ = ⇒7= x At this
14, 000 14, 000
63. Let x represent the cost of the car to obtain the equation 0.07x = 1750. Then the solution is
0.07x 1750 1750
= ⇒x= ⇒ x = 25,000. Thus, the cost of the car is $25,000.
0.07 0.07 0.07
64. Let S represent the employee’s current salary to obtain the equation 1.06S = 58,300. Then the
1.06S 58,300 58,300
solution is = ⇒S = ⇒ S = 55,000. Thus, the employee’s current salary is
1.06 1.06 1.06
$55,000.
a = −2 and b = −3.
1 1
11. x = 0 is a linear equation. a = and b = 0. 2
2
3 3
12. − x = 0 is a linear equation. a = − and b = 0. 4
4
2
13. 4x − 6 =11 is not a linear equation because it cannot be written in the form ax + b = 0. It has a
2
non-zero term containing x .
−2x 2 + x = 4 is not a linear equation because it cannot be written in the form ax + b = 0. It has a
14.
non-zero term containing x 2 .
6
15. − 4 = 2 is not a linear equation because it cannot be written in the form ax + b = 0. It has the
x
variable x in the denominator.
16. 2 x −1 = 0 is not a linear equation because it cannot be written in the form ax + b = 0. It has a non-
2x − 6 = 0. a = 2 and b =−6.
1
20. ( x + 4) = 0 is a linear equation. Use the distributive property to obtain 2
1 1
x + 2 = 0. a = and b = 2.
2 2
21. 3x + 2 = 1 is not a linear equation because it cannot be written in the form ax + b = 0. It has a non-
Figure 23 Figure 24
24. For x =−2, substitute −2 for x and solve : −2 ( −2 ) =4.
See Figure 24. From the table, we see that the equation −2x = 0 is true when x = 0. Therefore, the
solution to the equation −2x = 0 is x = 0.
See Figure 25. From the table, we see that the equation −3x + 7 = 1 is true when x = 2. Therefore,
the solution to the equation −3x + 7 = 1 is x =2.
27. Fig
ure
26. 25
Fig
ure
26
F
o
r
x
=
− r x = 0, substitute 0 for x and solve : 5 ( 0 ) − 2 = 0 − 2 = −2.
1
For x =1, substitute 1 for x and solve :5(1) −2 = 5− 2 = 3. For
,
s x = 2, substitute 2 for x and solve : 5 ( 2 ) − 2 =10 −2 = 8. For
u
x = 3, substitute 3 for x and solve : 5 (3 ) − 2 =15 − 2 = 13.
b
s See Figure 26. From the table, we see that the equation 5x − 2 = 3 is true when x = 1. t
solution to the equation 5x − 2 = 3 is x = 1.
i
For x = −2, substitute − 2 for x and solve : 4 − 2 ( −2 ) = 4 + 4 = 8.
t Therefore, the
See Figure 27. From the table, we see that the equation 4 − 2x = 6 is true when x = −1. Therefore,
the solution to the equation 4 −2x = 6 is x = −1.
Figure 27 Figure 28
See Figure 28. From the table, we see that the equation 9 − ( x + 3) = 4 is true when x = 2. Therefore,
−5 −5
31. x −18 =5 ⇒ x −18 +18 = 5+18 ⇒ x = 23
3 3x
32. 8 = 5+ 3x ⇒ 8 − 5 = 5− 5 + 3x ⇒ 3 = 3x ⇒ = ⇒ 1 = x ⇒ x = 1
3 3
1 1 1
1x
33. x −1 = 13 ⇒ x −1 +1 = 13 + 1 ⇒ x = 14 ⇒ 2 ⋅ = 2⋅ 14 ⇒ x = 28
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1x
34. x + 3 = 9 ⇒ x + 3 − 3 = 9 − 3 ⇒ x = 6 ⇒ 4 ⋅ = 4⋅ 6 ⇒ x = 24
4 4 4 4
− 11 5x 11
35. −6 = 5x + 5 ⇒ −6 − 5 = 5x + 5− 5 ⇒ −11 = 5x ⇒ = ⇒x = −
5 5 5
35 −7x
36. 31 = −7x − 4 ⇒ 31 + 4 = −7x − 4 + 4 ⇒ 35 = −7x ⇒ = ⇒ x = −5
−7 −7
37. 3z + 2 = z − 5 ⇒ 3z + 2 − 2 = z − 5 − 2 ⇒ 3z = z − 7 ⇒ 3z − z = z − z − 7 ⇒ 2z = −7 ⇒
2z − 7 7
= ⇒z = −
2 2 2
38. z − 5 = 5z − 3 ⇒ z − 5 + 5 = 5z − 3 + 5 ⇒ z = 5z + 2 ⇒ z − 5z = 5z − 5z + 2 ⇒ −4z = 2 ⇒
− 4z 2 1
= ⇒z = −
−4 −4 2
39. 12 y − 6 = 33 − y ⇒ 12 y − 6 + 6 = 33 + 6 − y ⇒ 12 y = 39 − y ⇒ 12 y + y = 39 − y + y ⇒
13y 39
13y = 39 ⇒ = ⇒y = 3
13 13
40. −13y + 2 = 22 − 3y ⇒ −13y + 2 − 2 = 22 − 2 − 3y ⇒ −13y = 20 − 3y ⇒
20−10 y
−13y + 3y = 20 − 3 y + 3y ⇒ −10 y = 20 ⇒ = ⇒ y = −2
−10 −10
4x 9 9
41. 4 ( x −1 ) = 5 ⇒ 4x − 4 = 5 ⇒ 4x − 4 + 4 = 5+ 4 ⇒ 4x = 9 ⇒ = ⇒ x =
4 4 4
− 4x 15 15
42. −2 ( 2x +7) =1 ⇒ −4x −14 =1⇒ −4x −14 +14 =1+14 ⇒ −4x =15 ⇒ = ⇒ x=−
−4 −4 4
−3t −4 4
−3t = −4 ⇒ = ⇒t =
−3 −3 3
47. 3 ( 4z −1 ) − 2 ( z + 2 ) = 2 ( z + 1) ⇒ 12z − 3 − 2z − 4 = 2z + 2 ⇒ 10z − 7 = 2z + 2 ⇒
8z 9 9
10z − 7 + 7 = 2z + 2 + 7 ⇒ 10z = 2z + 9 ⇒ 10z − 2z = 2z − 2z + 9 ⇒ 8z = 9 ⇒ = ⇒z =
8 8 8
48. − ( z + 4) + (3z + 1) = −2 ( z +1 ) ⇒ −z − 4 + 3z + 1 = −2z − 2 ⇒ 2z − 3 = −2z − 2 ⇒
4z 1 1
2z − 3 + 3 = −2z − 2 + 3 ⇒ 2z = −2z + 1 ⇒ 2z + 2z = −2z + 2z + 1 ⇒ 4z = 1 ⇒ = ⇒z =
4 4 4
7.3x 7.3
49. 7.3x −1.7 = 5.6 ⇒ 7.3x −1.7 + 1.7 = 5.6 + 1.7 ⇒ 7.3x = 7.3 ⇒ = ⇒x = 1
7.3 7.3
8.5x 51
50. 5.5x + 3x = 51⇒ 8.5x = 51⇒ = ⇒x = 6
8.5 8.5
51. −9.5x − 0.05 = 10.5x +1.05 ⇒ −9.5x −10.5x − 0.05 = 10.5x −10.5x + 1.05 ⇒
− 20x 1.1
−20x −0.05 =1.05 ⇒ −20x −0.05 + 0.05 =1.05 + 0.05 ⇒ −20x =1.1 ⇒ = ⇒ x = −0.055
−20 −20
Section 2.2: Linear Equations 61
52. 0.04x + 0.03 = 0.02x −0.1 0.04x 0.02x 0.03 0.02x 0.02x 0.1 0.02x + 0.03 = −0.1 ⇒
0.02x − 0.13
0.02x + 0.03− 0.03 = −0.1− 0.03 ⇒ 0.02x = −0.13 ⇒ = ⇒ x = −6.5
0.02 0.02
1 3 5 1 3 3 5 3 1 1
53. x − = ⇒ x − + = + ⇒ x = 4 ⇒2 ⋅ x = 4 ⋅ 2 ⇒x = 8
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 5 3 1 5 5 3 5 1 2 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 2
54. − x + = ⇒ − x + − = − ⇒ − x = − ⇒ (−4 ) ⋅ − x =− ⋅ (−4) ⇒ x = 2
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ⎜ ⎟
4 4
⎝
3 1 1 3 1 1 3 ⎛ 8⎞⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 1⎞⎛ 8⎞ 1
55. − x + = ⇒ − x = − + ⇒ − x = − − − x= − − ⇒x=
1
⇒
8 4 8 8 4 8 8 8 ⎜ 3 ⎟⎜ 8 ⎟ ⎜ 8 ⎟⎜ 3 ⎟ 3
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 1 1
56. x+ = −x⇒ x+x+ = −x+x⇒ x+ = ⇒ x+ − = − ⇒
3 4 6 3 4 6 3 4 6 3 4 4 6 4
4 1 3 4 1 3 3 1
x=− ⇒ ⋅ x=− ⋅ ⇒x = − ⇒x = −
3 12 4 3 12 4 48 16
2y 2
57. 4 y − 2 (y +1 =) 0 ⇒ 4 y − 2y − 2 = 0 ⇒ 2 y − 2 = 0 ⇒ 2 y − 2 + 2 = 0 + 2 ⇒ 2 y = 2 ⇒ = ⇒ y =1
2 2
1 1 1 1
60. x −b = 0 ⇒ x −b + b = 0 + b ⇒ x = b ⇒ a ⋅ x = a ⋅ b ⇒ x = ab a
a a a
61. 5x = 5x + 1 ⇒ 5x − 5x = 5x − 5x +1 ⇒ 0 = 1
Because the equation 0 = 1 is always false, there are no solutions.
62. 2 (x − 3) = 2x − 6 ⇒ 2x − 6 = 2x − 6 ⇒ 2x − 2x − 6 = 2x − 2x − 6 ⇒ −6 = −6
Since the equation −6 = −6 is always true, there are infinitely many solutions.
8x 0
63. 8x = 0 ⇒ = ⇒x = 0 Thus, there is one solution.
8 8
8x 1 1
64. 9x = x +1 ⇒ 9x − x = x − x +1 ⇒ 8x =1 ⇒ = ⇒x= Thus, there is one solution.
8 8 8
65. 4x = 5( x + 3) − x ⇒ 4x = 5x + 15 − x ⇒ 4x = 4x + 15 ⇒ 4x − 4x = 4x − 4x +15 ⇒ 0 = 15
[28]Gaadeen, kafir.
[29]The feudal law exists here in full force; and a man unwilling
to serve, provides one or more substitutes according to his
means.
[30]Birnie means Medina, the capital, in the Bornou language.
[31]From these ruins the sheikh procures the greater part of
the nitre used in preparing his gunpowder.
[32]There are two species of the bamboo, one called Kayay,
and the other Gummary.
[33]This fighi was a most extraordinary person, and his fame
for knowledge and charm-writing was by some thought to exceed
that of the sheikh himself, of whom he was jealous to a degree.
He had passed years amongst the Kerdies to the south, and
knew