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Literature Review On Police Use of Force
Literature Review On Police Use of Force
Undertaking a literature review on the topic of police use of force is no small feat. It requires
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Formal training—state code. 2. Local police cultures, which provide normative understanding of
police behaviors. The major factors that make it necessary for the application of force by the police
include, managing an incident, executing an arrest as well as defending themselves and society from
danger. Also, the use of excessive force by the police reduces public confidence in the police and
depresses officer morale Langworthy and Travis 1994. While the officers were trying to arrest him,
Mr. King had put up a fight, resisting arrest, so the Officers, shot him twice with a stun gun,
unfortunately still he resisted. An Overview Gene Atherton Copyright, Gene Atherton, CCSG, LLC.
Presented By: SGT. SEILEST BRADSHAW Juvenile Liaison Officer. BACKGROUND. He's Not
that tall at all he is actually like in between he is medium height. Explanation 1: They are more likely
to be involved in crime and provoke shootings. The differences between modern day policing and
the police system back in history is that, in today’s society they have access to better transportation,
outlets for communication, better technology, and different divisions of the police force that
specializes in specific crimes. Prosecution record. 1997: Federal Civil Rights Division—10,891
complaints—25 indictments and informations of 567 officers. 9 convictions, 19 entered guilty pleas,
4 acquitted. 1989—8,953 cases forwarded to FBI. 1996: 11,721. 30 percent increase. Historically,
the issue of police misconduct has been a sensitive topic that people avoid discussing openly. Among
the new data are the force factor applied - that is, the level of force used relative to suspect
resistance - and data on the sequential order of incidents of force. Additional materials, such as the
best quotations, synonyms and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here.
By using this service, you agree that you will only keep content for personal use, and will not openly
distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. When not immediately
necessary When the level is unreasonable Against lawful acts. Free research papers are not written to
satisfy your specific instructions. Unfortunately for the Officers but fortunately for Mr. King, all of
this was caught on tape. How aggressive are officers encouraged to intervene. Starting with a
historical introduction, Police Use of Force presents readers with critical and timely issues facing
police and the communities they serve when police encounters turn violent. It would also be viewed
as unethical because it is not for the greater good or overall happiness of everyone. The current study
will use this definition to examine two disgorges of citizen complaints about police brutality:
excessive physical force and abuse of police powers. ASSIGNMENTS. Monday, March 30 Art.2(4)
and the use of force by states Read Henkin and Reisman excerpts (just review it) The Nicaragua
Case, Note p.558 Lawful Self-defense to Terrorism p.563 Afghanistan. Close this message to accept
cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Find out more about the Kindle Personal
Document Service. In the tense aftermath, a city policeman shot and killed a fleeing suspect. Rogues
in authority For some police officers, this indiscriminate use of power comes in the form of police
brutality. More restrictive shoot policies have tended to reduce the number of shootings of African
Americans. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is
cheating. Also you. When dealing with a dangerous—or unpredictable—situation, police officers
usually have very little time to assess it and determine the proper response.” (United) We can make
sure that when faced with these situations police officers make the right decision through proper
training. This is a drop compared to the 1970s, when there were more instances recorded where the
police used a lot of force.
Their Police Chief Charlie Beck is being accused of letting officers who have used excessive force go
unpunished. Rogues in authority For some police officers, this indiscriminate use of power comes in
the form of police brutality. Problems of “no problem” perspective: Blame police brutality on
behavior of victims, as if police are not responsible for their own behavior The real problems victims
face when they try to file complaints. He has experience in establishing and operating a police
training facility in Western Pennsylvania. Law enforcement have evolved from the way crimes and
criminals were handled many years ago, and I think that in some circumstances the police approach
in controlling order is designed to protect civilians but can also contradict some rights that civilians
have. A general meaning of reasonable corresponding to the use of force is any activity that a
reasonable and judicious individual would accept to be crucial to finish the necessary arrest. Police
officers are generally allowed to use reasonable force to take a person into custody. The ethical
dilemma that faces lack of accountability of police in America is. The Court, be that as it may,
demonstrated that officers should give alerts whenever the situation allows. While citizens worry
about protecting themselves from criminals, it has now been shown that they must also keep a
watchful eye on those who are supposed to protect and serve. Starting with a historical introduction,
Police Use of Force presents readers with critical and timely issues facing police and the
communities they serve when police encounters turn violent. The police require training in order to
acquire new techniques and get education concerning the use of force. A lower-case g stands for the
acceleration imparted by gravity at the earth's surface. I wasn’t there, I have no idea what they were
experiencing in their brain, so I don’t pass judgment. Prosecution record. 1997: Federal Civil Rights
Division—10,891 complaints—25 indictments and informations of 567 officers. 9 convictions, 19
entered guilty pleas, 4 acquitted. 1989—8,953 cases forwarded to FBI. 1996: 11,721. 30 percent
increase. Concept of UOF as a “Program” not simply a task to be completed. Government
administrations in most countries and realms across the world permit civilians and law enforcement
to apply force in deterring looming incidence of crime. As stated in the text “the sheriff’s
responsibility was for conduct of civil processes, administration of the county jails, and in some
cases the collection of taxes” (Inciardi., 2010, p. 158). The death of minors killed due to this type of
crime has risen within the last year. The major factors that make it necessary for the application of
force by the police include, managing an incident, executing an arrest as well as defending
themselves and society from danger. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLTEC) Use of
Force Essential Question: How are police allowed to protect themselves. Close this message to
accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Federal Law Enforcement Training
Center (FLTEC) Use of Force. Presented By: SGT. SEILEST BRADSHAW Juvenile Liaison
Officer. BACKGROUND. The approach must framework when the use of force is allowable, what
tools might be used, and what preparing techniques will be used with the goal that the officer is clear
about what is expected from them. Barker (1986). South city. Small sample (45). 40 percent used
excessive force at times. Hence, it is expected that the police make ethical and considerate decisions
regarding the manner in which they ought to apply force without misusing the prerogative. The Use
of Deadly Force by Police Officers Essay 2019-01-20. It is understandable that the officers were
probably upset that King had sent them on a dangerous car chase and resisted arrest; however, once
he was subdued they should have put the cuffs on him, and placed him in the police car, and take him
away. When dealing with a dangerous—or unpredictable—situation, police officers usually have
very little time to assess it and determine the proper response.” (United) We can make sure that when
faced with these situations police officers make the right decision through proper training.
To learn how to manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. By continuing to use the
website, you consent to our use of cookies. Traffic Branch. ROAD SAFETY. Presented by Mr A.
Matar Inspector of Police. This did not persuade Beck to invoke punishment to the officers involved
in the shootings. I would agree with the commission that Beck is sending out the wrong message. By
using this service, you agree that you will only keep content for personal use, and will not openly
distribute them via Dropbox, Google Drive or other file sharing services. Fortunately for us as
citizens we have constitutional rights and there are laws in place to protect us from unnecessary use
of force and the citizens of The United States of America are allowed their freedom, a speedy trial
among a group of their peers fair, representation and the right not to be harmed by those who hold
authority by law in which they represent. Additional materials, such as the best quotations, synonyms
and word definitions to make your writing easier are also offered here. Use and justification of
force: determined by two factors 1. As taught this model is a guide to what use of force actions are
appropriate for each situation and should be carried out in such a manner. As a rule, the lives of
officers or regular citizens can be taken by not utilizing force when essential or utilizing it
inappropriately. We use cookies to create the best experience for you. Purpose of the policy 90.6
Definition of less-than-lethal force 47.9 List of authorized duty weapons 96.9 List of unauthorized
weapons 45.8. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions. This is a recent problem
involving the Chief of Police Charlie Beck. Police Harrassment Essay, Research PaperPolice
HarassmentThesis: Police torment can go on to anyone at anytime, non merely to minorities.I. What
is police torment?A. ProblemB. Police ShootingsII. Who gets harassed?A. Teenss1. Reasons for
torment2. ExamplesB. Minorities1. Reasons for torment2. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center
(FLTEC) Use of Force. Brutality is the use of excessive force, usually physical, but can be
potentially a form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation by a police officer. Numerous
elements become possibly the most important factor when an officer chooses to use force. The
purpose of any force use is to gain compliance Pain cannot be used to punish Police are allowed to
use a higher level of force than the suspect. This gives the reader a more physical example to how
dire the situation is than using just numerical figures. Outcome of emotions airing naturally from
some kinds of police work. 2. Establishes police authority in the face of a threat or is morally
appropriate for the kind of crime encountered. Only 19 resulted in meaningful disciplinary action.
Adult to adult communications. “Sir would you please step out of the car.” c. Command voice.
Issued in the form of an order. d. Firm grips. Physical grasps direct a suspect when and where to
move. e. Pain compliance. Techniques that cause pain without lasting injury. f. Impact techniques.
Knock down or incapacitate a dangerous person. The community no longer views them as service
officers but as brutal police officers. ASSIGNMENTS. Friday, March 20 International Law and the
Use of Force Traditional Limits on Use of Force - Naulilaa Case and Caroline Dispute Art. 2(4) and
the Use of Force by States Art.2(4) and the use of force by states. Can you commit to enacting the
following policies. If you would like to replace it with a different purchasing option please remove
the current eBook option from your cart. An Overview Gene Atherton Copyright, Gene Atherton,
CCSG, LLC. The authors also examine police use of force from the suspect's perspective.
English 1A 16 December 2014 Some police officers take advantage of their authoritative positions
with excessive brutality and, in some cases, the misuse of deadly force, which is resulted from
racism and the known lack of consequences. Essential reading for both criminal justice professionals
and academics, this text places police conflict within a complex, modern context, inviting cogent
conversation in the classroom and the precinct. Police misconduct can be define as false confession,
false arrest, falsified of evidence and lying under the oath. Therefore, as regards protecting people’s
lives or their property, the amount of force used should be that which is reasonable to achieve the
purpose of safety under the circumstances at hand. Outcome of emotions airing naturally from some
kinds of police work. 2. Establishes police authority in the face of a threat or is morally appropriate
for the kind of crime encountered. On the off chance that it is followed in each circumstance, officers
are seldom second thought. No officer knows whether or when the use of force must be applied
until the circumstance presents itself. Deadly Force Once called Non-Lethal or Less than Lethal
Essential Question: How are police allowed to protect themselves. Another training guide that is used
is the Police Training Model, which was created in 1999 by PERF and the Reno Police Department.
These two kinds of officer should be treated differently. An Overview Gene Atherton Copyright,
Gene Atherton, CCSG, LLC. An example of one such situation is the case of Detective Dan
Lovelace from Chandler Arizona. ASSIGNMENTS. Monday, March 30 Art.2(4) and the use of
force by states Read Henkin and Reisman excerpts (just review it) The Nicaragua Case, Note p.558
Lawful Self-defense to Terrorism p.563 Afghanistan. Deadly Force. Force which reasonably can be
expected to cause DEATH or SERIOUS BODILY INJURY. Prosecution record. 1997: Federal Civil
Rights Division—10,891 complaints—25 indictments and informations of 567 officers. 9
convictions, 19 entered guilty pleas, 4 acquitted. 1989—8,953 cases forwarded to FBI. 1996: 11,721.
30 percent increase. The authors also examine police use of force from the suspect's perspective. This
list is generated based on data provided by Crossref. The authors also examine police use of force
from the suspect's perspective. When this happens normally police brutality is not far behind. The
Black Codes of the Southern region permitted militiamen soldiers who are also civilians to arrest
and restrain blacks whose presence aroused suspicion Staples. Use force only in immediate danger:
Result—30 percent reduction in shooting of citizens. He was formerly a police officer in New York
State, serving in White Plains and Scarsdale. It’s clearly the most dangerous restraint because you’re
applying direct pressure on the trachea. Deadly Force Active Aggression-punches Defensive
Resistance - push Passive Resistance - limp Verbal non-compliance - No. Concept of UOF as a
“Program” not simply a task to be completed. Media Clip Essential Question: How are police
allowed to protect themselves. Brutality is the use of excessive force, usually physical, but can be
potentially a form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation by a police officer. Hence, we
should find the - a restatement of the genre is characterized by regular discourse patterns, it is usually
given in the marketing of academic literacy ped- agogy that both chris and john stockton these two
distributions, and normality of distribution. ASSIGNMENTS. Friday, March 20 International Law
and the Use of Force Traditional Limits on Use of Force - Naulilaa Case and Caroline Dispute Art.
2(4) and the Use of Force by States Art.2(4) and the use of force by states. Few challenges include
overlapping effort, lack of funding, overlapping jurisdictions, and priority.
The purpose of any force use is to gain compliance Pain cannot be used to punish Police are allowed
to use a higher level of force than the suspect. Explanation 1: They are more likely to be involved in
crime and provoke shootings. It helps to identify any deviations in the growth of the company. Race
of officer. African American officers—more likely to shoot and be shot at because they are more
likely to be assigned to, or live in high crime areas—exposed to more deadly situations. In order to
preserve democratic processes, society grants to police an exclusive right not permitted citizens: the
use of force to achieve democratic ends.. Definitions. Officers generally do not start out as corrupt;
years of work on the force can create animosity between officers and suspects and lead them to
decide to use force more quickly McEwen 1996: 26. When faced with dangerous or a tough
situation police officers need to be trained to quickly make the best and most ethical decision
possible. Performance management plays an important role in ensuring the that organisation’s growth
is in line with the strategic objectives. The approach must framework when the use of force is
allowable, what tools might be used, and what preparing techniques will be used with the goal that
the officer is clear about what is expected from them. Hence, it is expected that the police make
ethical and considerate decisions regarding the manner in which they ought to apply force without
misusing the prerogative. When they fail, the result is often a crossing of the line and the use of
brutal conduct toward citizens. This force continuum was masterminded from minimal measure of
force to the best as follows: insignificant nearness, verbal directions, hands on systems, impact
weapons or mace, lastly lethal force. Rogues in authority For some police officers, this indiscriminate
use of power comes in the form of police brutality. One question that comes to mind is what
separates civilians from specially trained officers when the officers react barbarically. Cops need to
recollect that the open impression of what is reasonable is critical. It’s considered deadly force on our
force continuum. “The second type is a vascular neck restraint and that’s what the shoulder pin
restraint system is. While some departments may restrict shooting at vehicles to particular situations,
these loopholes allow for police to continue killing in situations that are all too common. 62 people
were killed by police last year in these situations. Use our sample or order a custom written research
paper from Paper Masters. At ten years old he broke all bonds of the FCC and built his own one
watt pirate radio station. They used the department's own use of force reports to gather data.
Compliance Weapons Once called Non-Lethal or Less than Lethal Essential Question: How are
police allowed to protect themselves. Formal training—state code. 2. Local police cultures, which
provide normative understanding of police behaviors. This was what happen in the case for Rodney
King, who had beaten by three police officers while their supervisor watched. Even though it was
apparent what the Officers had done to be unethical when the case went to trial all of the officers
were found innocent. Seminar Objectives. Regulation StatusDuty of CareDocumentationUse of
Force Model. Police brutality is a perception of excessive force, though depending on the situation,
that very force may in fact be the use of proper force. Therefore, as regards protecting people’s lives
or their property, the amount of force used should be that which is reasonable to achieve the purpose
of safety under the circumstances at hand. It is not ethical to hurt someone just because you have the
power to. “The criminal justice system is designed to enforce moral rules that have been written into
the criminal law. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is
cheating. Also you. Fortunately, most police activities do not involve the use of force.
Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best. When you compress the
trachea, you’re generating strangulation and a very high degree of pain. Government administrations
in most countries and realms across the world permit civilians and law enforcement to apply force in
deterring looming incidence of crime. He appreciates good music, mainly favoring British rock n'
roll, and approves of anything with Jack White's name on it. Keep on browsing if you are OK with
that, or find out how to manage cookies. Rogues in authority For some police officers, this
indiscriminate use of power comes in the form of police brutality. Give us your email address and
we’ll send this sample there. This would be seen as unethical because it was not for the overall
happiness of everyone, it did not do any good, and the officers did not follow by the rules. It is not
ethical to hurt someone just because you have the power to. “The criminal justice system is designed
to enforce moral rules that have been written into the criminal law. This model “addresses the
traditional duties of policing in the context of specific neighborhood problems and includes several
segments on the use of force.” (United). Numerous elements become possibly the most important
factor when an officer chooses to use force. Setting up the officers through preparing in departmental
approach and methodology and classes instruction blocks and practical applications, preparing in the
use of force lessens criminal and common risk on the officer and division being used of force cases.
He earned an undergraduate degree in Psychology at Murray State, and a Masters Degree in Mass
Communication. No evidence that restrictive policies result in greater danger to officers Racial
disparity in police use of deadly force has declined from 8 to 1 (B:W) in the 1960s, though a
disparity still exists. This was what happen in the case for Rodney King, who had beaten by three
police officers while their supervisor watched. Nonetheless, every circumstance must be assessed
independently dependent on the degree of force being applied against the officer. If this is the first
time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your
account. This list is generated based on data provided by Crossref. Recall Bittner on Police use of
Force A mechanism for the distribution of situationally justified force. As a rule, the lives of officers
or regular citizens can be taken by not utilizing force when essential or utilizing it inappropriately.
The degrees of force include, verbal and physical, less lethal and brutal; incases where brutal force
ought to be applied other lesser degrees should be attempted first before applying the higher degree.
In the tense aftermath, a city policeman shot and killed a fleeing suspect. When looking at today’s
society and if you go back as far as there is written proof the court systems and law enforcement
rules and regulations have grown and developed into more evolved court system and law
enforcement for society to follow. This gives the reader a more physical example to how dire the
situation is than using just numerical figures. Richard Johnson, Ph.D. Criminal Justice Program
University of Toledo. For example, more than 51 percent of police officers are yet to face any
disciplinary actions, especially in where police brutality cases have been reported, like in New York,
Fergusson, and Missouri where several killings of unarmed teenagers have been reported. This is
more applicable when the offender fails to comply with orders from law enforcement or when the
law breaker attempts to flee from the police; in such cases force is to be applied to handle the
situation. Use of Force Continuum 98% Essential Question: How are police allowed to protect
themselves. Purpose of the policy 90.6 Definition of less-than-lethal force 47.9 List of authorized
duty weapons 96.9 List of unauthorized weapons 45.8. It’s clearly the most dangerous restraint
because you’re applying direct pressure on the trachea.
If the individual opposes that, mace or the use of a taser is fitting. The Black Codes of the Southern
region permitted militiamen soldiers who are also civilians to arrest and restrain blacks whose
presence aroused suspicion Staples. In any case, divisions have started to get rid of the term
continuum and supplant it with the term choices. Among the data are the force factor applied - that
is, the level of force used relative to suspect resistance - and data on the sequential order of incidents
of force. Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service. Government administrations in
most countries and realms across the world permit civilians and law enforcement to apply force in
deterring looming incidence of crime. Similarly, the use of force may be invoked by the
administrative arm of regime via the deployment of security forces; police or army to guarantee order
in the community. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie
settings. Police officers like those who beat Rodney King should be punished and made an example
of. An Overview Gene Atherton Copyright, Gene Atherton, CCSG, LLC. The purpose of any force
use is to gain compliance Pain cannot be used to punish Police are allowed to use a higher level of
force than the suspect. When not immediately necessary When the level is unreasonable Against
lawful acts. It’s considered deadly force on our force continuum. “The second type is a vascular neck
restraint and that’s what the shoulder pin restraint system is. Therefore, there is a critical need to
develop a system of performance measurement and management that ensures the organisation's
strategies for its objectives and. Starting with a historical introduction, Police Use of Force presents
readers with critical and timely issues facing police and the communities they serve when police
encounters turn violent. Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLTEC) Use of Force. He has a
round face, clear blue eyes, a brown mustache and brown hair as straight and thick. These include is
the use of force advocated, has the officer been appropriately prepared to use force, and will the
department be held at risk if the force is used inappropriately. Deadly Force Once called Non-Lethal
or Less than Lethal Essential Question: How are police allowed to protect themselves. In analyzing
this data they put forward a new conceptual framework, the Authority Maintenance Theory, for
examining and assessing police use of force. Defense of other is another situation where deadly force
is justified. Palmiotto 4: Nonlethal Weapons and Technology Szde Yu 5: Militarization of the Police
Laurence Armand French 6: Racial Profiling: The Intersection of Race and Policing Michael L. This
is a recent problem involving the Chief of Police Charlie Beck. An Overview Gene Atherton
Copyright, Gene Atherton, CCSG, LLC. By continuing, you agree to our Terms and Conditions.
Birzer 7: Understanding the Law of Police Use of Force to Arrest Alison Brown 8: Psychological
and Social Factors in the Use of Force Jodie Beeson 9: Police Violence, Public Response: The Public
Gets What It Tolerates Carolyn Speer Schmidt 10: Prevention and Training Vladimir A. A general
meaning of reasonable corresponding to the use of force is any activity that a reasonable and
judicious individual would accept to be crucial to finish the necessary arrest. He was formerly a
police officer in New York State, serving in White Plains and Scarsdale. The police claim Madrigal
was advancing towards the officers in a threatening manner. Purpose of the policy 90.6 Definition of
less-than-lethal force 47.9 List of authorized duty weapons 96.9 List of unauthorized weapons 45.8.