BASKETBALL

HISTORY
Basketball was invented by James Naismith on or about December 1, 1891, at the International Young
Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) Training School, Springfield, Massachusetts, where Naismith
was an instructor in physical education. Basketball is the only major sport strictly of U.S. origin
(although Naismith was born in Canada).
Basketball, game played between two teams of five players each on a rectangular court, usually indoors.
Each team tries to score by tossing the ball through the opponent’s goal, an elevated horizontal hoop and
net called a basket.The only major sport strictly of U.S. origin, basketball was invented by James
Naismith (1861–1939) on or about December 1, 1891, at the International Young Men’s Christian
Association (YMCA) Training School (now Springfield College), Springfield, Massachusetts, where
Naismith was an instructor in physical education.
Since Naismith and five of his original players were Canadians, it is not surprising that Canada was the
first country outside the United States to play the game. Basketball was introduced in France in 1893, in
England in 1894, in Australia, China, and India soon thereafter, and in Japan in 1900.
While basketball helped swell the membership of YMCAs because of the availability of their gyms,
within five years the game was outlawed by various associations because gyms that had been occupied
by classes of 50 or 60 members were now monopolized by only 10 to 18 players. The banishment of the
game induced many members to terminate their YMCA membership and to hire halls to play the game,
thus paving the way to the professionalization of the sport.
Originally, players wore one of three styles of uniforms: knee-length football trousers; jersey tights, as
commonly worn by wrestlers; or short padded pants, forerunners of today’s uniforms, plus knee guards.
The courts often were of irregular shape with occasional obstructions such as pillars, stairways, or
offices that interfered with play. In 1903 it was ruled that all boundary lines must be straight. In 1893 the
Narragansett Machinery Co. of Providence, Rhode Island, marketed a hoop of iron with a hammock
style of basket. Originally a ladder, then a pole, and finally a chain fastened to the bottom of the net was
used to retrieve a ball after a goal had been scored. Nets open at the bottom were adopted in 1912–13. In
1895–96 the points for making a basket (goal, or field goal) were reduced from three to two, and the
points for making a free throw (shot uncontested from a line in front of the basket after a foul had been
committed) were reduced from three to one.
Baskets were frequently attached to balconies, making it easy for spectators behind a basket to lean over
the railings and deflect the ball to favour one side and hinder the other; in 1895 teams were urged to
provide a 4-by-6-foot (1.2-by-1.8-metre) screen for the purpose of eliminating interference. Soon after,
wooden backboards proved more suitable. Glass backboards were legalized by the professionals in
1908–09 and by colleges in 1909–10. In 1920–21 the backboards were moved 2 feet (0.6 metre), and in
1939–40 4 feet, in from the end lines to reduce frequent stepping out-of-bounds. Fan-shaped backboards
were made legal in 1940–41.

BASKETBALL FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS

BASKETBALL COURT

 The size of the court depends on the playing level

 The size of the court for the Nthe and college games is 94ft.
long and 54 ft. wide.

BACKBOARD AND RIM

 The basketball is steel rim 18 inches diameter with an attached net

affixed to a backboard the measures 6ft by 3.5 feet and one basket is at
each of the court.

FOUL LINE

 For all size courts, the foul line is marked 15 ft in front of the backboard

KEY

 This measures 12ft. wide

 The backboard extends 4 ft. Out over the baseline into the key
 A half circle of diameter or 6ft extends from the foul line away from the
basket to complete the key

3 POINT LINE
  The line or arc measures 22ft. to the center of the rim on the sides with a straight line extending
our 16 ft. and 9 in. from the baseline.
 Beyond those points the line extend our of 23ft. and 9 in. from the center of the rim

LINE MARKING

 The ones imprinted on the floor are 2 in. wide and can vary in color.

BALL

 This is an inflated sphere with an outer covering measuring 75-78 in.

circumference and weighs 600-650 grams.
 This must be made of leather in the official FIBA competitions.
 Men- 29.5 inch circumference (size 7, or a 295 ball) and weighs 22oz
 Women- 28.5 inch circumference (size 6, or 285 ball) weighs 20 oz.

BASKET

 This is also called goal and made up of horizontal circular metal rim with a
net hanging from it
 This mounted 3.05 m above the floor level.

SHOES

 This should have a dynamic cushioning and support

 Many of there are high cuts

DIFFERENT POSITION OF PLAYERS

 POINT GUARD- usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team offenses by
controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right time.
  SHOOTING GUARD- creates a high volume of shots on offense, mainly longed-ranged; the
guards opponent’s best perimeter player on defense.
 SMALL FORWARD- often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and
dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steels, but sometimes plays more actively.
 POWER FORWARD- plays offensively often with their back to the basket: on defense plays
under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward ( in man-to-man
defense)
 CENTER- uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket close (on offense) or
to rebound

RULES AND REGULATIONS

The rules of basketball can vary slightly depending on the level of play (for example professional rules
differ from college rules) or where the game is played (international rules are different from USA
professional rules). These rule differences, however, are usually just variations on the basic game of
basketball and the majority of the rules discussed below can be applied to most any game of basketball
played.
The winner of a basketball game Is the team with the most points. You get points by throwing the
basketball through the opponent’s hoop or basket. In regular play a basket made from within the three
point line is worth 2 points and a basket shot from outside the three point line is worth three points.
When shooting a free throw, each free throw is worth 1 point.

The original rules.

The game had 13 original rules created by Naismith.
• The ball could be thrown in any direction with one hand or both hands.
• The ball could also be battled in any direction by one hand or with both hands.
• Players could not run with the ball, and they must throw it from the spot on which it is
caught. Although there were loopholes around when a player is running at a good speed
when they catch it.
• The ball had to be held in the hands, arms or body could not be used to hold the ball.
• No shouldering, holding, pushing, tripping or striking opponents allowed. The first
infringement of this rule counts as a foul, and the second disqualifies the player until the
next goal, or if it is evident that there was no intent to cause harm.
• A foul is striking the ball with the fist.
• If either side makes three consecutive fouls, then this is counted as a goal for opponents
• A goal is made when the ball is thrown or battled from the ground and into the basket and
stays there. If the ball rests on the edge, and if opponents move the basket, this also
counts as a goal.
• Should the ball go out of bounds, then it shall be thrown into the field and played by the
first person to touch it. The person who throws it in is allowed five seconds to do so, if
they hold it any longer it goes to the opponent.
• Umpires shall be the judge of men and will note fouls and notify the referee when three
consecutive fouls have been made.
• The referee judges the ball and decides when the ball is in play, in-bounds and to which
side it belongs. They also keep the time and divide when a goal has been made and keep
account of these.
• The time is fifteen-minute halves, with a five-minute rest between.
• The side making the most goals in the time aforementioned will be the winner. In the
case of a draw, the game may be continued until another goal is made.
 BASEBALL
HISTORY
The evolution of baseball from older bat-and-ball games is difficult to trace with precision. A French
manuscript from 1344 contains an illustration of clerics playing a game, possibly la soule, with
similarities to baseball. Other old French games such as thèque, la balle au båton, and la balle
empoisonnée also appear to be related. Consensus once held that today’s baseball is a North American
development from the older game rounders, popular in Great Britain and Ireland. Baseball Before We
Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game (2005), by David Block, suggests that the game.
Originated in England; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position. Block argues that
rounders and early baseball were actually regional variants of each other, and that the game’s most
direct antecedents are the English games of stoolball and “tut-ball”. It has long been believed that cricket
also descended from such games, though evidence uncovered in early 2009 suggests that the sport may
have been imported to England from Flanders.
The earliest known reference to baseball is in a 1744 British publication, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book,
by John Newbery. It contains a rhymed description. Of “base-ball” and a woodcut that shows a field set-
up somewhat similar to the modern game-though in a triangular rather than diamond configuration, and
with posts instead of ground-level bases. David Block discovered that the first recorded game of “Bass-
Ball” took place in 1749 in Surrey, and featured the Prince of Wales as a player. William Bray, an
English lawyer, recorded a game of baseball on Easter Monday 1755 in Guildford, Surrey. This early
form of the game was apparently brought to North America by English immigrants. Rounders was also
brought to the continent by both British and Irish immigrants. The first known American reference to
baseball appears in a 1791 Pittsfield, Massachusetts, town bylaw prohibiting the playing of the game
near the town’s new meeting house. By 1796, a version. Of the game was well-known enough to earn a
mention in a German scholar’s book on popular pastimes. As described by Johann Gutsmuths,
“englische Base-ball” involved a contest between two teams, in which “the batter has three attempts to
hit the ball while at the home plate.” Only one out was Required to retire a side. By the early 1830s,
there were reports of a variety of uncodified bat-and-ball games recognizable as early forms of baseball
being played around North America. These games were often referred to locally as “town ball”, though
other names such as “round-ball” and “base-ball” were also used. Among the earliest examples to
receive a detailed description-albeit five decades after the fact, in a letter from an attendee to Sporting
Life magazine-took place in Beachville, Ontario, in 1838. There were many similarities to modern
Baseball, and some crucial differences: five bases (or byes); first bye just 18 Feet (5.5 m) from the home
bye; batter out if a hit ball was caught after the First bounce.
BASEBALL FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS
Bat A rounded, solid wooden or hollow aluminum bat. Wooden bats are
traditionally made from ash wood, though maple and bamboo is also sometimes
used. Aluminum bats are not permitted in professional leagues, but are frequently
used in amateur leagues. Composite bats are also available, essentially wooden
bats with a metal rod inside. Bamboo Bats are also becoming popular. Ball A
cork sphere, tightly wound with layers of yarn or string and covered with a
stitched leather coat.

Base One of four corners of the infield which must be touched by a runner in order
to score a run; more specifically, they are canvas bags (at first, second, and third
base) and a rubber plate (at home).

Glove Leather gloves worn by players in the field. Long fingers and a webbed
“pocket” between the thumb and first finger allows the fielder to catch the ball more
easily. Catcher’s mitt Leather mitt are worn by catchers. It is much wider than a
normal fielder’s glove and the four fingers are connected. The mitt is also better-
padded than the Standard fielder’s glove.

First baseman’s mitt – Leather mitt worn by first basemen. It is longer and wider than
a standard fielder’s glove. The four fingers are connected and the glove is rounded like
acatcher’s mitt. A first baseman’s mitt has a bit more padding than a standard fielder’s
glove

Batting gloves Gloves often worn on one or both hands by the batter. They offer
additional grip and eliminate some of the shock when making contact with the ball.
Batting helmet – Helmet worn by batter to protect the head and the ear. Facing the
pitcher from the ball. Professional models have only one ear protector (left ear for
right-handed batters, right ear for lefties), amateur and junior helmets usually have
ear protectors on both sides, for better protection from loose balls, and to reduce
costs to teams (all players can use the same style of helmet).

Baseball cap Hat worn by all players. Designed to shade the eyes from the sun, this
hat design has become popular with the general public.
Catcher’s helmet – Protective helmet with face mask worn by the catcher. Newer
styles feature a fully integrated helmet and mask, similar to a hockey goalie mask.
More traditional versions were a separate mask worn over a helmet similar to a
batting helmet, but with no ear protection and worn backwards. Athletic Cup Provides
groin and testicle protection for males against impact. Must be worn by male catchers
and is highly recommend for all other positions.
.
Baseball Cleats Baseball specific shoes worn by the player for better traction. The
cleats themselves are either rubber or metal.

BASEBALL RULES & REGULATIONS

Each team in a baseball game starts nine players. The game is broken up into innings, during which each
team plays both offense and defense. A regulation baseball game consists of nine innings (many levels
of youth baseball, including high school, play only six or seven-inning games). An inning starts with the
home team on defense and the away team on offense. The offensive team attempts to score runs, while
the defensive team attempts to record outs.
Once three outs have been recorded, the teams switch positions. The home team then plays offense,
attempting to score runs before the away team can record three outs. One inning is completed after each
team makes three outs. The team that has the most total runs after nine innings are completed is the
winner. If the score is tied, play continues, with each extra inning. Functioning as sudden death. Each
team still gets a chance on both offense and defense, but if a team scores more runs after one complete
inning, that team is the winner.
Positions & Lineups
On defense, the players occupy nine positions. There are five infield positions (pitcher, catcher, first
base, second base, third base, and shortstop), and three outfield positions (left field, center field, and
right field). The diagram. To the left shows the typical defensive alignment on a basic baseball diamond.

On offense, the nine starters form a strategically arranged lineup, which determines the order in which
each player bats. Many baseball organizations. Allow the use of a designated hitter. This means that one
player who is not among the defensive starters may bat in the place of a defensive player. In Many
cases, the designated hitter bats for the pitcher. The players take turns batting according to the lineup,
and once every player has batted, the order starts over from the top. It is against the rules to bat out of
order. Substitutions may be made at any time, but once a player has been removed from the game, he
cannot return (unless specific league rules allow it). Teams often substitute their batters, base runners,
and pitchers in order to give other players a chance to play or to achieve favorable. Matchups. These
replacements are referred to as pinch-hitters, pinch- runners, and relief pitchers, respectively.

Pitching & Defense

In baseball, play starts when the pitcher delivers a pitch. There are two positions from which a pitcher
may start his delivery: The wind-up and the Stretch. The wind-up is typically used with no runners on
base, while the stretch is utilized when there are base runners, because it is a quicker way to make a
pitch. The pitcher must be in contact with the pitcher’s rubber when he throws the ball.
For every at-bat of a game, a “count” is kept in order to keep track of how many balls and strikes have
been thrown (for example, one ball and two strikes, or 1-2). The strike zone is an area that reaches from
the batter’s knees to his chest, and spans the width of home plate. The home plate umpire determines
whether each pitch crossed through the strike zone, and so strike zones tend to be somewhat subjective.
If the pitcher throws a pitch that misses the strike zone, it is called a ball. If he throws a pitch inside the
strike zone, or if the batter swings and misses, or if the batter hits the ball into foul territory, it is called a
strike.
There are several ways to record an out on defense:
Strike out: After three strikes, the batter is out. However, a batter cannot Strike out on a foul ball. If he
hits a foul ball with two strikes, the count Remains the same.
Tag out: When the ball is in play, any defensive player may tag a base runner when he is off the base to
record an out.
Catch: If the batter hits a pitched ball in play, and any member of the defense catches it in the air, then
the batter is out. A runner on base may. Attempt to advance to the next base once a catch has been made
by “tagging up.” However, the runner does so at the risk of being tagged out.
Force out: If the batter hits a pitched ball in play that is not caught in the Air, the defense may field the
ball and touch first base (or more likely, throw it to the first baseman, who then touches first base)
before the batter reaches the base to record the out. Also, if there are runners on first base, first and
second base, or all three bases, the runners must advance if a batted ball touches the ground (they are
“forced”). Therefore, the defense can tag a base in front of a runner for a force-out. It is possible for the
defense to record multiple force-outs on the same play. This is called a double play.

Scoring
The home plate area consists of home plate, a left-hand batter’s box and Right-hand batter’s box (on
separate sides of home plate, and a catcher’s box (directly behind home plate). The offensive player
stands in one of the Batter’s boxes, while the catcher squats down behind home plate, and the Umpire
stands just behind the catcher. In order to score a run, a batter must safely touch all four bases (in a
Counter-clockwise direction) and plate. The player doesn’t need to Touch all four bases during one play.
Once he reaches a base, he may choose To stay there, and as long as he stays on the base he cannot be
tagged out. Therefore, in order to score a run, the offensive team typically must get Multiple players on
base safely in order to advance them around the diamond and touch home plate to score a run.
 VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to
score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.

HISTORY
I was created by William G. Morgan in 1895. Morgan was an education director at a Holyoke
Massachusetts USA. He called it "mintonette' because it is resembled badminton. Mintonette was played
on a court divided by a 6 ½ foot (2 meter) net.
The first official ball used in volleyball is disputed; some sources say that Spalding created the first
official ball In 1896, while others claim it was created in 1900. The rules evolved over time: in the
Philippines by 1916, the skill and power of the set and spike had been introduced, and four years later a
"three hits" rule and a rule against hitting from the back row were established. The first country outside
the United States to adopt volleyball was Canada.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

Volleyball Court Dimensions - The Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in

total. The net in placed in the center of the court, making each side of the
net 30 feet by 30 feet.
Center Line A center line is marked at the center of the court dividing it
equally into 30 feet squares, above which the net is placed.
Attack Line An attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the center line.
Front court is the area near the net, while the back court is the area between the attack line and the end
line.
Service Area - The area, from which the server may serve the volleyball, is
marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line.
The Net - The net is placed directly above the center line, 7 feet 4 inches above the ground for women
and 8 feet above the ground for men.
Poles - Volleyball poles should be set at 36 feet apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines.
Ceiling Height - the minimum ceiling height should be 23 feet, though they should preferably be higher.

The ball - The standard volleyball is made of leather or synthetic leather,

weighs between 9 and 10 ounces

RULES AND REGULATIONS

The Serve

 Server must serve from behind the end line until after contact
 Ball may be served underhand or overhand
 Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve
 Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for point
 First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the
previous game loser
 Serve must be returned by a bump only, no setting or attacking a serve

Scoring

 Rally scoring will be used.

 There will be a point scored on every score of the ball. Offense will score on a defense miss or
out of bounds hit.
 Defense will score on an offensive miss, out of bounds hit, or serve into the net.
 Game will be played to 25 pts
 Must by 2 points.

Rotation

 Team will rotate each time they win the serve

 Players shall rotate in a clockwise manner
 There shall be 4-6 players on each side.

→Playing the Game

 Maximum of three hits per side

  Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)
 Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve
 A ball touching a boundary line is good
 A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not
allow the ball to visibly come to a rest
 If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players
involved may not participate in the next play
 A player must not block or attack a serve
 Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. (After the serve only)

→ Basic Rule Violations

 Stepping on or over the line on a serve

 Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully
 Hitting the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Throwing, etc.)
 Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into
the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be
called, and the ball shall continue to be in play
 Reaching over the net, except under these conditions
a) When executing a follow-through
b) When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned (the blocker must not
contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact).

 Except to block the third play

 Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player)
 Failure to serve in the correct order
 Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line while in a
back row position.
 FOOTBALL
Football, game in which two teams of 11 players, using any part of their bodies except their hands and
arms, try to maneuver the ball into the opposing team’s goal. Only the goalkeeper is permitted to handle
the ball and may do so only within the penalty area surrounding the goal. The team that scores more
goals wins.

HISTORY
Modern football originated in Britain in the 19th century. Since before medieval times, “folk football”
games had been played in towns and villages according to local customs and with a minimum of rules.
Industrialization and urbanization, which reduced the amount of leisure time and space available to the
working class, combined with a history of legal prohibitions against particularly violent and destructive
forms of folk football to undermine the game’s status from the early 19 th century onward. However,
football was taken up as a winter game between residence houses at public (independent) schools such
as Winchester College, Charterhouse, and Eton College. Each school had its own rules; some allowed
limited handling of the ball and others did not. The variance in rules made it difficult for public
schoolboys entering university to continue playing except with former schoolmates. As early as 1843 an
attempt to standardize and codify the rules of play was made at the University of Cambridge, whose
students joined most public schools in 1848 in adopting these “Cambridge rules,” which were further
spread by Cambridge graduates who formed football clubs. In 1863 a series of meetings involving clubs
from metropolitan London and surrounding counties produced the printed rules of football, which
prohibited the carrying of the ball. Thus, the “handling” game of rugby remained outside the newly
formed Football Association (FA). Indeed, by 1870 all handling of the ball except by the goalkeeper was
prohibited by the FA.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

The Pitch
Not all football pitches are the same length and width. According to the rules
of FIFA (Federation of International Football Associations), a pitch must be
between a maximum length of 120 meters (130 yards) and a minimum of 3 meters (100 yards), and a
maximum width of 90 meters (100 yds) and a minimum of 45 meters (50 yds). In other words, pitches
come in a range of sizes.

B. Corner Flags Corner flags minimum must be 1.5 meters (5 ft) high for safety
reasons and placed at each corner of the pitch..
C Goals The crossbar on a full-size football goal is 7.32 meters (8 yds) long and
the post are 2.44 meters (8 ft.) high. The post and crossbar must be white in color
so that they are easily seen. When sending the ball back into play, it must be kicked
from inside the six-yard box.
D. Socks Football socks are big enough to stretch over a pair of shin pads and
tough enough to give same protection to the foot, ankle and leg.
E. Shin Pads Players should always play in shin pads. Hard plastic on the outside
with a soft cushioning material inside, they are often held in place by an ankle guard
and calf strap, and then covered by a sock.
F. Boots Boots are the most important piece of football kit and must feel right.
Usually made of combination of leather and plastic, they must be soft enough to be
comfortable, but always. Choose a pair of boots by what they feel like. Their sole
should depend on the precise conditions they are to be used in.
G. The Ball A full-size football is made from leather with a plastic coating to protect
it. It has a circumference of 67.5-70 cm (27-28 inches) and must not weigh more than
450 g (16 oz) and not less than 410 g (14 Oz) at the start of the match
H.. Gloves Goalkeeping gloves are lightweight but extremely strong. The palm of the
hand area is made from sticky foam-rubber giving maximum grip. They are also
designed to be substantially bigger than the hand that wears them, giving a wider
surface area for catching the ball 0. Goalkeeping Shorts These are generally stronger
than those of an outfield player and have padding around the hip Area..

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Pitches will be sized within the following parameters: 30m wide, 50m long
Penalty box will be determined by size of pitch but is usually 2.5 times the width of the goals are the
following parameters: 3.6m wide and 1.8m high
All matches will be played according to the Laws of the Game with the following exceptions:

 Teams will be told which way they are kicking at start of game.
 Teams cannot score directly from a kick off.
 There is no offside
 All free kicks and corners are direct and opposition must be 3 metres away.
 Goal kicks to be taken anywhere inside penalty area. Opposition must be 3 metres away and ball
must leave penalty area for play to recommence.
 Substitutions can be made at any time from the half way line. Substituted player must leave the
pitch before replacement goes on.
 Compulsory line up and handshake to finish.
 Games will be 10 minutes each way in duration with a 2 minute half time
 There is a 6 minute gap between each game. Teams must be ready to take the pitch as soon as the
previous match has concluded.
 A size 4 football shall be used
 Teams to have a matching kits in school colours with goalkeeper having a distinctly different
coloured shirt – a bib may be used to facilitate this differentiation
 Correct equipment i.e. long socks, shin pads, football is a compulsory requirement

Scoring
To determine the overall final positions in the tournaments the points allocated will be: Win – 4 points,
Draw – 2 points, Defeat – 1 point
The deciding criteria for “breaking” a tie is as follows:
1. Head to head result
2. Points difference (goal difference) (between tied teams)
3. Points scored (between tied teams)
4. Points against (between tied teams)
If there is still a tie:
5. Points difference (goal difference) (between all teams)
6. Points scored (between all teams)
7. Points against (between all teams)

The procedure for “breaking” a 3 way tie follows the same criteria as above
Once a tie break has been resolved additional ties will be resolved in the same format using the same
sequence of procedures beginning with the head to head result (point 1)
There is no extra time scheduled for round robin games in football.

ICE HOCKEY
Ice hockey, game between two teams, each usually having six players, who wear skates and compete on
an ice rink. The object is to propel a vulcanized rubber disk, the puck, past a goal line and into a net
guarded by a goaltender, or goalie. With its speed and its frequent physical contact, ice hockey has
become one of the most popular of international sports. The game is an Olympic sport, and worldwide
there are more than a million registered players performing regularly in leagues. It is perhaps Canada’s
most popular game.

HISTORY
Until the mid-1980s it was generally accepted that ice hockey derived from English field hockey and
Indian lacrosse and was spread throughout Canada by British soldiers in the mid-1800s. Research then
turned up mention of a hockeylike game, played in the early 1800s in Nova Scotia by the Mi’kmaq
(Micmac) Indians, which appeared to have been heavily influenced by the Irish game of hurling; it
included the use of a “hurley” (stick) and a square wooden block instead of a ball. It was probably
fundamentally this game that spread throughout Canada via Scottish and Irish immigrants and the
British army. The players adopted elements of field hockey, such as the “bully” (later the face-off) and
“shinning” (hitting one’s opponent on the shins with the stick or playing with the stick on one “shin” or
side); this evolved into an informal ice game later known as shinny or shinty. The name hockey—as the
organized game came to be known—has been attributed to the French word hoquet (shepherd’s stick).
The term rink, referring to the designated area of play, was originally used in the game of curling in 18 th-
century Scotland. Early hockey games allowed as many as 30 players a side on the ice, and the goals
were two stones, each frozen into one end of the ice. The first use of a puck instead of a ball was
recorded at Kingston Harbour, Ontario, Canada, in 1860.

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENTS

The Puck – It is a three-dimensional circular puck made of black vulcanized
rubber material. It typically measures about 80 to 85mm in diameter and 25 to
30 mm in thickness. The puck usually weighs from 1 to 1.5kg. It also has a
protective covering of 2mm in thickness on the outer side.
Hockey Stick – It is basically made of wood and graphite and are 150 to
200cm in length with flat horizontal extension known as blade. The blade
is positioned at an angle of 135o, making the hockey stick to look like the
alphabet ‘L’. The blade is 25 to 40 cm in length and is a little bent at the
end to enable the player to hold the puck on the rink. The dimensions of
hockey stick vary from player to player depending upon his height. The
goalie’s hockey stick has a wider blade with a smaller angle positioning
compared to the skater’s hockey sticks to make it convenient to block the
puck near the goal cages.
Helmet – An Ice hockey helmet comes with an optional face cage and is mandatory for all the players.
These helmets are made up of a stiff however flexible thermoplastic outer, with strong shock absorbent
padding on the inside to avoid head and facial injuries.

Ice Skates – Skaters need perfect firm outer shell boots and memory foam inner
sole with rounded heels and attachable skate blades which is quite essential for
ice hockey skaters. Unlike skaters goalies need thick and blades with more radius
and a lesser amount of ankle support to easily glide with his skates. The goalie’s
boot is nearby to the ice surface than a skater’s boot to stop pucks from sliding
between his boots and skate blades.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Game time is forfeit time.

 If you do not have a legal team (5 skaters and a goalie) at game time, your team must forfeit.
You can play a game with a less-than-legal team, but the game is recorded as a forfeit.
 No more than 11 can dress per game; only one manager/coach allowed on the bench per team –
they must wear a helmet at all times!
 Skates only allowed on the ice – no dress shoes. A manager or coach MUST enter the bench
from the stands, not the ice.
 Ice time is tight to the minute; the clock starts at game time. Come plenty early to get your
equipment.
 No one is allowed on the ice once the Zamboni doors are open and until they are closed after an
ice make.
 No varsity hockey players are allowed on IM teams
  Green (Rookie League) teams cannot have club hockey or retired varsity players. Green League
players are those with none to extremely limited skating experience.
 Moosilauke teams may have two club hockey players, no retired varsity players.
 Teams with more than two club players or any retired varsity players must play in the Granite
League.
 After each game, officials will assign a sportsmanship rating to each team. Ratings are 0-3 with
three (3) being given for exemplary conduct. The ratings will be averaged over the course of the
regular season games and playoffs. Teams must have an average score of 2.0 to be playoff
eligible and remain eligible during playoffs. Teams dropping below 2.0 in the playoffs will be
eliminated from the tournament.
Basic Rules
Legal teams are 5 skaters and a goalie. Players may play on only one team. If teams compete with
“borrowed” players, the game is recorded as a forfeit for the short-handed team.

 All Leagues: Games are 30 minute straight play. The clock will start at game time.
 No over-time during the regular season; tie games will be recorded as such.
 No slap shots (shots taken from above the waist) at all – not during warm-ups or games.
 Offside & icing is called in the Granite League only. No offside in Green, Moosilauke or
Women’s Leagues.
 No checking of any kind. Checking is any intentional body contact that causes a clear change in
skating direction or impedes the progress of a player with or without possession of the puck. This
includes but is not limited to any intentional body contact that causes a player to lose possession
of the puck or any contact with players away from the puck that hinders their normal movement.
Penalties
Minor penalties, 90 seconds: e.g. tripping, holding, interference, slapshots. Major penalties, 5 minutes:
e.g. body checking, spearing, flagrant fouls, butt ending. Misconduct penalties, 10 minutes: e.g.
abusive language, disrespect of the officials, actions that incite or bait opponents. Automatic Ejection
from the game for throwing equipment. Automatic ejection from IM play for fighting. Play nicely. Have
fun. Be safe.
Overtime Rules
Overtime will only be played during the playoffs. In the event of a tie at the end of regulation, there will
be two sudden death overtime periods played, with a shootout if no team scores.
Golden Goal Overtime: In the first overtime period there will be a 1:00 minute running clock and teams
will play 4v4 (3 skaters and 1 goalie). If no goal is scored in this time period, the clock is then reset and
1 skater is removed from the ice for a 3v3 1:00 minute period. If neither team scores in these overtime
periods, a shootout will then take place.
Shootout: Each team selects their three shooters. These three are the team’s shooters for the remainder
of the overtime. Each team will take turns alternating shooting at the opposing goalie. A coin toss or
RPS will determine choice of either defending or shooting first. Once shooters and the starting position
is established the team who is shooting first will send out their first player to make their attempt. Once
that player makes their attempt, successful or not, the goalies will switch positions in the net and the
opposing team will send out their first player. This will continue until both teams have cycled through
their selected shooters. In the event that the score is still tied after the first round of shoot-out, the order
of shooters is reversed and three more attempts per team are taken.