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Legionella accounted for all acute respiratory illness and the causes of acute gastrointestinal illness
outbreaks included exposures to Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Clostridium, E. Based on the research
status, the amount of published literature over time, the analysis of the time when the method was
first adopted, and our knowledge in this area, this study divided the development process of WRCC
into the concept formation stage, qualitative analysis stage, method exploration stage, method
development stage and all-round development stage. Students, police force us privacy policy
formulation and writing skills. From number of articles published by authors perspective, the top 30
authors with the most articles and the number of articles published are shown in ( Figure 3C ). The
low turbidity indicates higher primary productivity of Ayensu Basin. Ann Arbor, Michigan, United
States: University of Michigan Press. View all journals Explore content About the journal Publish
with us Sign up for alerts Review Article Published: 31 January 2023 Global water resources and the
role of groundwater in a resilient water future Bridget R. Competing interests: The authors have read
the journal’s policy and have the following potential competing interests: TLD is a paid employee of
VarMac Consulting Engineers. Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with
shopping and web links. Regulatory institutions in Ghana Institutions mandated to direct control and
manage the standard of water include: Water Resources Commission (WRC), Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP), Public Utilities Regulatory
Commission (PURC). The water resources will be able to support current generations in quality and
quantity as well as future generations. Both studies’ use of secondary data (for example, census
records and SDWA data) present a financially feasible approach to identifying water insecurity
disparities. Globally, water pollution has become a problem now a days this call for evaluation of
water resource policy to counter this pollution problem. Containers such as calabashes, earthenware
pot, and lately buckets are accepted for the drawing water. We assessed article abstracts for relevance
before retrieving full texts. Total water storage trends have varied across regions over the past
century. Databases selection was based on their comprehensive and over-arching nature in terms of
information archiving. During the lifetime of a hydrogen storage complex, repetitive injection cycles
of dry hydrogen could lead to the pervasive drying out of the reservoir, particularly in the case of
depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, containing mainly residual water. Ghana freshwater resources are
made of surface and groundwater bodies. Based on research progress, the volume of published
literature, period at which calculation methods were proposed, and our knowledge in WRCC
research, this paper divides the research progress of WRCC into five stages ( Figure 12 ). FIGURE
12. Development stages division of WRCC. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms
of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The efforts made to improve water quality
and public health are by improving WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) facilities and
infrastructure and also WASH education. In turn, this will lead to cyclical changes in the effective
state of stress in the storage complex. Open wells and tube wells are the two types of wells.
Download references Author information Authors and affiliations. The basic activity causing
pollution of water bodies in the Northern Region is sand winning, whilst galamsey activities are
responsible for water bodies’ pollution in some regions (Mantey 2017 ). These voids may either be
interconnected, permitting the movement of water or be isolated, keeping the water stagnant
between the interstices. According to Mantey ( 2017 ) fresh water bodies in the following regions of
Ghana have been polluted due to illegal mining activities. In this study, hydraulic modelling using the
US-EPA EPANET model was applied to a part of Antalya City WDN for a simulation period of one
year. PDF Water as a Resource: Different Perspectives in Literature This paper is exclusively a
literature review.
Containers such as calabashes, earthenware pot, and lately buckets are accepted for the drawing
water. The HWISE study offers a complete guidebook for research teams, however, the large-scale
study design has high resource and time demands not suitable for projects with significant budget
and time constraints. While the Framework was designed to assess progress of California’s AB 685,
it can be adapted in other states to evaluate existing water policy efforts. The National Water Act
drafting process in South africa was a multi-stakeholder and intersectoral activity that brought in
international consultancies. Therefore, pressure management is proved to be an efficient and
economic method for water losses reduction. Cuthbert, M. O. et al. Observed controls on resilience
of groundwater to climate variability in sub-Saharan Africa. The WAR fundamentals are informed by
IWRM principles. The red nodes focus on management, and the main red nodes are management,
sustainability, sustainable development, carrying capacity and water resources. It is a patented type
of radial well that is sunk into the ground with a direct connection to a water source. OWRD has
completed basin studies in the Deschutes, Willamette and Klamath basins to understand the
relationship between and availability of groundwater and surface water. This type of well is
excavated only up to a limited depth and is suitable when the discharge is as low as 18 cubic meters
per hour. GEMStat: Global Environmental Monitoring System, (UNEP, 2022). Groundwater
resources in Ghana Ghana’s groundwater resources are made up of three geological formations with
54, 45 and 1% for the basement complex (metamorphic rocks and crystalline igneous), the
consolidated sedimentary formations, and the Cenozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks,
respectively (Ghana National Water Policy 2007 ). It provides a framework for the entire literature
review. The situation is not different in Brong Ahafo if not worse, as residents have been blocking
the course of the river at definite intervals which prevents water from flowing into some areas in the
Region (Mantey 2017 ). The best practices suggest that pressure management is one of the most
effective way to reduce the amount of leakage in a water distribution system. While the study aimed
to reveal large-scale impact, researchers can use remote sensing to assess water scarcity regionally. In
some communities in the northern part of Ghana, chiefs and queens are assigned to specific stream,
rivers and wells (Opoku-Agyeman 2001 ). At the same time, interactions between hydrogen and
minerals in the reservoir, caprock and pre-existing faults can affect the mechanical response of the
system ( Fig. 3 ). Municipal Water Service Access Study The Gibson et al. Thus, reduction of water
losses is among the top priorities of water authorities in Turkey. Legionella accounted for all acute
respiratory illness and the causes of acute gastrointestinal illness outbreaks included exposures to
Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Clostridium, E. It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace.
However, several aspects unique to hydrogen must be taken into consideration ( Fig. 3 ). Firstly,
hydrogen has very different physical and chemical properties compared to other geologically stored
fluids such as CH 4, air or CO 2. The establishment of these National Natural Science Foundation
Projects directly and vigorously promoted the research and development of WRCC. Freshwater
resources are continually decreasing in quality and quantity. The effect of climate change leading to
variability in precipitation is one of the challenges our country faces at present, which often result in
floods as we recorded the June 3 twin disaster in Accra, Ghana in 2014. Ann Arbor, Michigan,
United States: University of Michigan Press. The retrieval time is August 15, 2020. 2.2.2 Records
screening During the search process, some files irrelevant to the topic will inevitably be retrieved.
According to Mantey ( 2017 ), the Enu River which serves residents at Konogo in the Ashanti
Region is polluted due to illegal mining activities.
All water beneath the land surface is referred to as. The approach can potentially ameliorate the after
effects of the devolved governance system in Kenya that consequently created a multiplicity of
transboundary sectors. You may also check out Paragraph Outline Templates Literature review
outline template templates do not just save time but also provide pointers along which you can
construct your review helping you shape your views and ideas about the work in a more orderly
fashion. There are few water insecurity policies that seek to promote public health and health equity.
Teams Enable groups of users to work together to streamline your digital publishing. Themes were
then generated from the coded data extracts to create a thematic map. Of the 95 articles, the
majority were water resources, environmental studies and engineering focused, while fewer than 10
articles focused on public health. Science 368, 314 (2020). Arias, P. A. et al. in Climate Change
2021: The Physical Science Basis (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.) 33?144 (IPCC, Cambridge Univ.
The degree of mixing of the gases will depend on the cycling rate, the injection and reproduction
rates, the reservoir properties and the used cushion gas. There exist more than 18 thousand artesian
wells in the world’s largest. Mantey ( 2017 ) asserted that they use to use very minimal chemicals in
treating the water from Volta River, but currently the chemical usage is high due to gradual increase
in pollution. As such, this work proposes an innovative methodology while demonstrating its
transfer to water utilities and practitioners to support decisions in real-world complex. As research
advanced, the number of published papers increased by the year. In terms of freshwater resources
usage, the two main categories are ex situ (withdrawal use) and in situ or in-stream use and could
also be referred to as the consumptive and non-consumptive use, respectively. Any of these reactions
can compromise secure and efficient UHSP, although their associated impact is still poorly
constrained. Thematic analysis derived four cross-cutting themes that contributed to IWRM strategy
implementation and adoption. Knowledge is still emerging on how to quantify water insecurity to
assess community needs and develop effective interventions to mitigate risk. In turn, the capillary
forces controlling residual trapping also control the imbibition and drainage behaviour of the rock,
and hence the relative permeability. Physico-chemical and microbiological quality of surface waters
within the Newmont Ghana Gold Mining concession areas. This confirmed our earlier assertion that
bibliometric research on WRCC is limited. Therefore, within the context of these complex processes,
suitable UHSP sites need specific characterisation in order to guarantee secure and economic
hydrogen injection and reproduction. The WAWRP objectives can potentially set up the region on an
effective IWRM trajectory which can be mimicked and upscaled in other regions. The GERG-2008
EoS 37 is proven to have high accuracy for hydrogen when mixed with natural gas components
within its tuned range ( i.e. benchmarked against experimental results). It is only until change in
attitude towards environmental sustainability occurs that the problem of illegal mining will be a thing
of the past. Land use impacts on water resources: A literature review. Water resource management
denotes the skilful, efficient and effective planning of the fresh water resources that are scarce for
efficient use by all living organisms. These resources are made up of all groundwater and surface
water that can be treated for purpose of human use. A thesis submitted to the Department of
Theoretical and Applied Biology, College of Science and Technology, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and
Technology Asante FG (2012) Physico-chemical quality of water sources in the gold mining areas of
Bibiani. Water quality is influenced by natural processes and human activities around the water
source Among developed countries, public health problems caused by low water quality, such as
diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhus, skin itching, kidney disease, hypertension, heart disease, cancer,
and other diseases the nervous system. Video Say more by seamlessly including video within your
publication.
Park and Burgess (1921) took the lead in 1921 and proposed the idea to calculate the maximum
population that a region can carry based on regional endowments. Global water scarcity created
fertile grounds for IWRM adoption in Asia, specifically India. This could be attributable to the fact
that water is a common resource (tragedy of the common) with no clear ownership though that
mandate is vested on the chiefs and the traditional authorities. The quality of groundwater and
surface water resources keeps worsening mainly due to soaring levels of pollution from “galamsey”
(illegal mining), waste, leachate from chemical fertilisers and pesticides used in agriculture, chemicals
from mining, and use of chemicals in fishing coupled with rapid population growth has entirely left
Ghana’s water resources ungovernable. It is indisputable fact that fresh water resources in Ghana are
under threat as water resources are running dry and increasingly becoming scarce by the day. For
surface water resources alone, it is projected that consumptive water demand would reach 5 billion m
3 by 2020, that is equivalent to 12% of the total surface water resources (WRC 2005 ) (Fig. 2 ).
Distribution of consumptive or ex situ use of freshwater resources Non-consumptive or in situ use
Unlike consumptive water use, non-consumptive water or in situ use is linked to activities that
require no withdrawal of water from its main source. The comparison strengthened the evidence for
a conditional relationship between SES and race and ethnicity. Students, police force us privacy
policy formulation and writing skills. From the perspective of research objects, previous studies have
focused more on some provinces and cities. The density map of WRCC keywords co-occurrence in
this study is shown in Figure 9. FIGURE 9. Hotspot analysis. In Figure 9, apart from water resources
carrying capacity, there is also carrying capacity, water resources, management, sustainable
development, model, China, system dynamics, and other hot spots in the field of WRCC research.
The retrieval time is August 15, 2020. 2.2.2 Records screening During the search process, some files
irrelevant to the topic will inevitably be retrieved. Key informant interviews contributed to the
robustness of key words and search terms allowing us to refine our review, expand our
understanding of relevant policies and begin identifying potential public health-focused water
insecurity interventions. Stage 2: The screening methods are done through records category,
relevance, and manual. Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile River is shared by the three East African
states of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. A research team at Portland State University surveyed 550
homeless people about where they access water for sanitation and hygiene. Since 1990, there has
been some success in meeting this goal and significant increases in improved access to drinking
water and sanitation. The approach can potentially ameliorate the after effects of the devolved
governance system in Kenya that consequently created a multiplicity of transboundary sectors. The
identified four themes were donor effect, water scarcity, transboundary water resources, and policy
approach. Generally, there are particular days set aside for people not to go into the river or the sea.
Dissolved hydrogen does not directly affect the pore water pH. Selecting indicators from available
data will capture a more informed picture of the five components of the index. The judgment made
by these tribunals was abided by due to the fear for the fetish priestesses and priests. Birim in the
Eastern Region as the main water body has been polluted. Fresh water pollution and looming crises
in Ghana More of the population could have safe drinking water facilities if the ongoing
anthropogenic activities in Ghana are gapped with the great efforts made by the traditional and local
government authorities in Ghana. Residing in a rural area within a metropolitan statistical area
(MSA) was more strongly associated with unreliable water service than location in a non-MSA rural
area. This perspective outlines the scientific challenges of hydrogen storage in deep saline aquifers
and depleted hydrocarbon fields, in order to spark a discussion within the multidisciplinary energy
research community. In particular, slates and shales can disintegrate (slake) at contact with water.
Leslie ( 2010 ) in a study revealed pollution of Aboabo River since colour, odour, turbidity and taste
levels exceeded WHO stipulated limits for potability. IWRM in its nature couples growth to the
coordinated consumption of finite resources, hence the circular approach cannot be easily realised
because finte resources are at the core of the strategy’s existence. According to Mantey ( 2017 ) fresh
water bodies in the following regions of Ghana have been polluted due to illegal mining activities.
Chapter 7 Measures of Career Choice and Development. Ghana freshwater resources are made of
surface and groundwater bodies. In this Review, we evaluate the current and historical evolution of
water resources, considering surface water and groundwater as a single, interconnected resource.
About 1% of the world's water supply is groundwater, but. Our goal is to inform public health
agencies, water resources management agencies and policymakers about water insecurity inequities
and interventions to make the most informed decisions to mitigate risk. 4.4.1. Characterize
Populations Experiencing Inequities in Access to Water Prior to identifying water insecurity needs,
state agencies must recognize which communities are experiencing water access disparities. At the
same time, interactions between hydrogen and minerals in the reservoir, caprock and pre-existing
faults can affect the mechanical response of the system ( Fig. 3 ). The outcomes were directly linked
to various national socio-economic development agendas; thus, the IWRM policy took a multiplicity
of paths. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY). Reprints and permissions About this article Cite this article. Scanlon,
B.R., Fakhreddine, S., Rateb, A. et al. Global water resources and the role of groundwater in a
resilient water future. An official website of the United States government The.gov means it’s
official. Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile River is shared by the three East African states of
Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Our literature catalog Appendix A, Table A3 shows that current public
health-related water insecurity interventions are limited and mainly consist of surveillance practices
(for example, surveys) with some water insecurity mapping and indicator strategies. Oregon, and
other states interested in this issue, would have to determine if these relationships reflect what is
experienced in local communities. Data extracts from the respective regional analysis were
formulated into theoretical themes. Washington State is pursuing water insecurity interventions
through community education events, drought risk assessment, water loss detection and utility rate
capping. Generally, East Africa is ranked as medium-high level with average score of 54% while
Southern Africa and West Africa are ranked as medium low-level at 46% and 42% respectively.
They are like arteries, vains, venules and capillaries.not like a lake, at least it isnt so at the superficial
level Reply Delete Replies Reply Add comment Load more. The Nawuni River in the Northern
region of Ghana has experienced massive sand winning activities and that has continuosly altered the
color of the River (Mantey 2017 ). Physical determinants of water security such as drinking water
and wastewater storage, treatment and delivery systems, housing status and geographic location.
Perched aquifers are usually not large; most would supply only enough water for. RELATED
PAPERS Transcription factors and their role in. The various acts signed represent an evolutionary
treaty development that combines the efforts of riparian states to better manage the shared water
resources. Nsubuga FNW, Namutebi EN, Nsubuga-Ssenfuma M (2014) Water resources of Uganda:
an assessment and review. Pure hydrogen properties are well established, but the multi-phase
properties in porous media, essential for hydrogen subsurface storage, are still uncertain. The water
below the water table or the groundwater reservoir can be extracted by natural phenomena like
springs or artificially by constructing infiltration galleries, wells, springs, etc. The Revised Protocol
on Shared Watercourses was instrumental for managing transboundary water resources in the SADC.
Tunnels do not influence the groundwater but their lining has to support the. Since California is the
only U.S. state thus far to declare a human right to water, it is too early to determine the full impact
of the Framework indicators. The search strategy used a combination of keywords including “water
security,” “water insecurity,” “water scarcity,” “water access” “water stress,” “public health” and
“surveillance.” Appendix A, Table A1 describes the complete strategy for the Water Security Journal
in the ScienceDirect database. Due to that water treatment plants in Kyebi were forced to shut down
due to pollution of the river which is beyond treatment.