Lecture 6 Industrial Hygiene A06

SAF101-A06
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
LECTURE 6
Industrial Hygiene
ENGR. REYNALDO S. SITJAR

CIVIL ENGINEER
July 14, 2023

LEARNING OUTCOMES
▪ At the end of this lecture the students will have a grasp
of knowledge when it comes to industrial hygiene.
▪ The awareness industrial hygiene will be helpful in the

growth of ones professional career and can also be
applied in the daily activities.
TERMINOLOGY
OSHA
– Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEL – Permissible Exposure Limit
NIOSH
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
REL – Recommended Exposure Level
ACGIH
- American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists
TLV – Threshold Limit Value
UNITS OF CONCENTRATION
ppm
– parts per million
Mg/m3
- Milligrams per cubic meter
mppcf
- Millionth of a particle per cubic foot
f/cc
- Fibers per cubic centimeter
INTRODUCTION
Industrial hygiene is the science or art that is devoted to the
anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those
environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the
workplace, that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-
being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers.
Occupational Safety Health

Act of 1970
The OSH Act is to assure so far as possible every working man
and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions
and to preserve our human resources.
Republic Act No. 11058
An act strengthening compliance with occupational safety and
health (OSH) standards and providing penalties for violations
thereof.
DOLE Department Order No. 198, s. 2018

This policy issuance defines and enumerates the implementing
rules and regulations of the act strengthening compliance with
OSH standards.
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE )
This entity is responsible for the conduct of continuing studies and
research to develop innovative methods, techniques, and
approaches for dealing with occupational safety and health
problems.
This entity shall be solely responsible for the administration and
enforcement of OSH laws, regulations and standards in all
establishments and workplaces.
DOLE Secretary
This entity shall set and enforce mandatory occupational safety and
health standards to eliminate or reduce occupational safety and health
hazards in all workplaces.
This entity may collect reasonable fees for the inspection of steam
boilers, pressure vessels and pipings and electrical installations, the test
and approval for safe use of materials, equipment and other safety
devices and the approval of plans for such materials, equipment, and
devices.
(OSH) Consultant
A qualified Safety Officer 4 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE
to perform and/or render consultative services on Occupational
Safety and health in at least two (2) fields of specialization ask
determined by DOLE.
(OSH) Practitioner
A qualified Safety Officer 3 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE to
render Occupational Safety and health services in a defined and specific
scope or core competency.
(OSH) Personnel
A qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist, or physician engaged by the
employer to provide occupational health services in the
establishment, project, site, or workplace.
First-Aider
Any person trained and duly certified to administer first aid by the
Philippine Red Cross or any organization authorized by DOLE Secretary.
(OSH) Standards
A set of rules issued by DOLE which mandates the adoption and use
of appropriate practices, means, methods operations or processes,
and working conditions reasonably necessary to ensure safe and
healthful employment.
Safety and Health Program
A set of detailed rules to govern company policies, processes, and practices in
all economic activities to conform with OSH standards, including the personnel
responsible, and penalties for any violation thereof.
Safety and Health Committee
A body created within the workplace tasked with the authority to
plan, develop and implement OSH policies and programs, monitor,
and evaluate the OSH program, and inspect and investigate all
aspects of the work pertaining to the safety and health of workers.
Safety and Health Audit
A regular and critical examination of project sites, safety programs,
records, and management performance on program standards on safety
and health conducted by the safety officer.
COVERED WORKPLACE
Establishments, projects sites, and all other places where work is being
undertaken wherein the number of employees, nature of operations, and
the risks or hazards involved in the business required compliance with the
provisions of RA 11058.
High-risk Establishments
A workplace, like construction sites, wherein the presence of hazard or potential
hazard within the company may affect the safety and/or health of workers not
only within but also persons outside the premises of the workplace. There is a
high level of exposure to safety and health hazards, and probability of a major
accident resulting to disability or death, or major illness is likely to occur if no
preventive or control measures are in place.
Medium-risk Establishments
A workplace where there is moderate exposure to safety and health
hazards and with probability of an accident, injury or illness, if no
preventive or control measures are in place.
Low-risk Establishments
A workplace where there is low level of danger or exposure to safety and
health hazards and not likely or with low probability to result in accident,
harm or injury, or illness.
History of Industrial Hygiene
The history of industrial hygiene started since

▪ 370BC – Hippocrates identifies lead poisoning in metallurgists and miners.
▪ 2nd Century AD – Gale identifies copper miners exposure to acid mist
▪ 50AD – Pliny the elder identified use of animal bladders intended to prevent
inhalation of zinc and sulfur fumes introduced the use of protective mask.
▪ 1473 – Ulrich Ellenbog publication of occupational illness in gold miners.
▪ 1556 – Georgus Agricola describes diseases and accidents associated with mining,
smelting, and refining. Publication of “De Re Metallica”
▪ 1567 – Paracelsus described respiratory diseases among miners.
▪ 1700 – Bernardino Ramazzini known as Father of Industrial Hygiene. Published “De
Morbis Artificum Diatriba” (Diseases of Workers).
Elements of Industrial Hygiene
The three definite elements in industrial hygiene are the;
▪ Anticipation
▪ Recognition
▪ Evaluation and Control of occupational health hazards.
The recognition of health hazards has primacy, since it must take
place before proper evaluation or if needed control can take place.
Upon recognition of a health hazard, the industrial hygienist should

be able to identify measures necessary for proper evaluation.
14
Routes of Entry
1. Inhalation – airborne contaminants. 1
2. Absorption – penetration through the skin.
3. Ingestion – eating and drinking.
Hazard Control
▪ Elimination or Substitution
▪ Engineering Controls
Exposure Control
▪ Work Practice Controls
▪ Administrative Controls and Promote Awareness 3
2 ▪ Personal Protective Equipment
Types of Exposure
ACUTE
Short term period between exposure and
onset of symptoms.
CHRONIC
Environmental Factors or Stresses
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
▪ Gases
▪ Vapors
▪ Dusts
▪ Fumes
▪ Mists and
▪ Smoke
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
▪ Non-Ionizing Radiation
▪ Ionizing Radiation
▪ Noise
▪ Vibration
▪ Extreme Temperatures and
▪ Extreme Pressures
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
▪ Insects
▪ Molds
▪ Yeast
▪ Fungi
▪ Bacteria and
▪ Virus
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
▪ Work Station Design
▪ Repetitive Motion
▪ Improper Lifting
▪ Improper Reaching
▪ Poor Visual Condition
MCROORGANISMS
▪ Insects
Covid-19
▪ Molds
▪ Yeast
▪ Fungi
▪ Bacteria and
▪ Virus
Types of Air Contaminants
FIBERS
▪ Solids, slender, elongated structures
▪ Length several times the diameter
GASES
▪ Formless fluids that expand to occupy a space.
▪ Arc-welding,
▪ Internal combustion engine exhaust air
VAPORS
▪ Liquid changed to vapor – organic solvents.
Air Contaminants
29 CFR 1910.1000
▪ Table Z-1
- Substances with limits Preceded by “C” ceiling values
▪ Table Z-2
- Employee’s exposure to Table Z-1 contaminants shall not
exceed exposure limits listed in Z-2 (TWA and ceiling
concentrations)
▪ Table Z-3 Mineral Dusts
Hearing Conservation Program
2.9 million workers experience for
8-hour noise exposure
> 85 Decibels
Requires engineering and
administrative controls.
Exposure monitoring,
audiometric testing, hearing
protection, record keeping and
employee training.
Chemical Exposure
There are three possible ways you can be exposed to chemical:
▪ Inhalation or breathing chemical vapors
▪ Skin and eye contact
▪ Ingestion
OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor

▪ Describes actions employers must take to reduce risk of
chemical exposure in the workplace.
▪ Exposure Control Plan (ECP)
Routes of Exposure - Inhalation
May cause reduced lung function.

Routes of Exposure – Skin and Eye Contact
Spraying two component SPF chemicals into the air that

could pose potential inhalation and skin exposure hazard.
Routes of Exposure - Ingestion
Understanding Exposure Limits
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Specialized clothing or equipment designed to protect workers against
safety and health hazards that may cause serious workplace injuries and
illness, i.e., protection for the body, eyes, head, face, hands, feet, ears, etc.
Personal protective equipment that is incorrectly

selected or used could lead to chemical exposure.
Blood Pathogens
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS INCLUDE
▪ Hepatitis B
▪ HIV and
▪ Other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)
29 CFR 1910.1030
▪ Describes actions employers must take to reduce risk of
exposure in the workplace.
▪ Exposure Control Plan (ECP)
SUMMARY
Basic Hygienic Measures

THANK YOU!
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SAF101-A06

ENGR. REYNALDO S. SITJAR

July 14, 2023

▪ The awareness industrial hygiene will be helpful in the

Occupational Safety Health

DOLE Department Order No. 198, s. 2018

The history of industrial hygiene started since

Upon recognition of a health hazard, the industrial hygienist should

OSHA, U.S. Department of Labor

May cause reduced lung function.

Spraying two component SPF chemicals into the air that

Personal protective equipment that is incorrectly

Basic Hygienic Measures

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