G12 - TB English - Part (1) (20.2.2024)

Grade 12 English Textbook
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CONTENTS
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Reading Passage
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1. CHASING DREAMS
2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) and ROBOTICS: Help or Threat?
3. EQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION
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Vocabulary
1. Idioms
2. Synonym and Antonym
3. Phrasal Verbs
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4. Compound words
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Grammar
1. Used to, be used to and get used to
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2. Reported speech
3. Relative adverbs ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘why’

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Review 1
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Poem
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1 Equality Maya Angelou (1928 – 2014)

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Scope and Sequence
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Knowledge about
Receptive Skills Productive Skills
Language
Unit Topic
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Listening Reading Speaking Writing Vocabulary Grammar
Chasing Listening to Reading Interviewing Writing a Idioms Used to/ be
Dreams the interview about about the descriptive used to and
with a young Chasing dream essay get used to
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entrepreneur Dreams company
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Artificial Listening to Reading - Talking Writing a -Synonym - Reported
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Intelligence the different about AI about a compare and Speech
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(AI) and views on the robot friend and Antonym
2 robotics: use of AI - Discussion contrast -Phrasal
Help or on benefits paragraph Verbs
Threat? and potential
dangers of AI
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Equal Listening Reading Expressing Writing an Compound Relative

Access to to three about opinions and opinion words adverbs
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Education children equal asking for essay ‘where’,

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talking about access to opinions ‘when’ and
access to education ‘why’
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education
Review 1
Poem 1 - Equality
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UNIT 1 CHASING DREAMS
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Reading
• Reading about successful entrepreneurs
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Vocabulary
• Idioms
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Grammar
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• ‘Used to’, be used to’ and ‘get used to’
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Listening and Speaking
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• Listening to the interview with Michele, a young entrepreneur
• Interviewing about the dream company
Writing
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• Writing a descriptive essay

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1A Reading
Pre-reading
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Do you know who owns what? Match the founders with what they have founded.
1. Bill Gates a. Amazon.com

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2. Jeff Bezos b. Apple iPhone, Apple inc., NeXT inc.

3. Steeve Jobs c. CNN Cable News Network
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4. Elon Musk d. Google

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5. Oprah Winfrey e. Microsoft

6. Larry Page f. Oxygen, O, The Oprah Magazine
7. Sam Walton g. Space X, Tesla, Twitter
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8. Ted Turner h. Walmart and Sam’s club

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Read the passage.
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At which age do you think the best time to start a business is – 25 or 52? You might
think that most successful entrepreneurs are older people and only older people have a greater
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advantage of possessing much experience in business. (1) ______________________ The reason
is simple – young people have unique characteristics in many aspects; they are highly motivated,
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capable of thinking outside the box, and courageous to go out on a limb. Most entrepreneurs
achieve success not because they have a great deal of business experience but because they are
creative, imaginative, and adventurous. Statistics shows that 48 percent of the business firms
were founded by older people whereas 64 percent of the successful thriving companies were
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headed by entrepreneurs in the 45-and-up group. The no-holds-barred kind of companies like
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Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Twitter, or Facebook were founded by entrepreneurs younger than 35.
Here is a glimpse of some successful entrepreneurs, when they started their careers, and how they
achieved success in business.
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Elon Musk
Elon Musk, an American entrepreneur, is now one of
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the richest persons in the world and the CEO or owner of multiple
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companies including Tesla, SpaceX, and Twitter. He was born in

South Africa in 1971. (2)___________________Musk was only 12
when he created a video game and sold it to a computer magazine.
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He cofounded PayPal, an electronic payment, firm in 1999. In 2002,

he founded Space X, an American spacecraft manufacturer, launch
service provider, and satellite communications company. He also
operated Starlink, a satellite internet constellation that provides
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satellite Internet access coverage to over 60 countries. This technology

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enables users to access the Internet regardless of their geographical location. In 2004, he became
one of the first significant investors as well as the chief executive officer of Tesla, the electric car
manufacturer. In 2022, Musk acquired Twitter and changed its logo from the blue bird to “X”.
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Steve Jobs
Steve Jobs, an American businessman who founded Apple Inc.
and NeXT Inc., was born in San Fransisco, California, U.S. in 1955.
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Jobs was only 19 when he started his invention – the Apple I, which
he called the logic board. (3) ______________________ Jobs and his
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former high school friend Stephen Wozniak designed it in his family

garage with the money obtained by selling Jobs’s Volkswagen minibus
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and Wozniak’s programmable calculator. The personal computer, the
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Apple, appealed to a broad audience and gradually, Jobs became one of the first entrepreneurs.
With Jobs’s encouragement, Wozniak designed an improved model, the Apple II, complete with
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a keyboard, and they arranged to have a sleek, molded plastic case manufactured to enclose the
unit.
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Jeff Bezos
Nowadays, people all over the world are getting used to
shopping online and most of them are familiar with the name Amazon.
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com., an online shopping website. Its founder is Jeff
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Bezos, an American entrepreneur, and he was born in New Mexico in
1964. In 1995, at the age of 31, Bezos began developing the software
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for the site, working out of his garage with a handful of employees.
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Under his guidance, Amazon became the largest retailer on the World
Wide Web and the model for Internet sales. Named after the South
American River, Amazon sold its first book. Amazon.com is an online merchant of books and later
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of a wide variety of products. (4) ______________________ With the attractive motto Spend less,
Smile more! Amazon stays ahead of the pack and is one of the best online shopping websites.
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In every case, the significant characteristics of each entrepreneur mentioned above are
obviously – innovating new ideas, putting them into action, and persevering through challenges.
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(5) ______________________ The bottom line is that you need to set a goal that gives you
something to focus on and strive for. Then chase the dream. Making the dream come true is not
rocket science if you have the courage to pursue it.
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Comprehension
A. Five sentences have been removed from the passage. Choose from the sentences (A- E) the
one which best fits each gap (1–5).
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A. It is a vast Internet-based enterprise that sells books, music, movies, housewares,

electronics, toys, and many other goods.
B. When do you think he started his business?
C. Some are natural personality traits, but many skills and characteristics can be cultivated
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through learning and practice.

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D. In reality, many successful entrepreneurs started their businesses when they were quite
young.
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E. You might be amazed to know where and how he invented it.
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B. Give a full-sentence answer to each question.
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1. According to the passage, why do most entrepreneurs achieve success?
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2. What is the significant benefit of using Starlink?
3. Where did Steve Jobs get the money to start his business?
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4. Why is Bezos’s online shopping website named Amazon.com.?
5. What are the three requirements to achieve success in business?
6. Why is it important to set a goal in life?
7. What do the three persons mentioned in the passage have in common?
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1B Vocabulary
Idioms
An idiom is a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual
words.
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A. Find the bold-faced idioms in the text that have the same meaning with the following.
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a. something that isn’t complicated to understand

b. the most important point or conclusion
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c. to be more successful than one’s competitors

d. to do or say something risky
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e. to think of creative or unconventional solutions, instead of common ones; to go beyond a

normal idea
f. without limits or controls
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B. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the idioms in Exercise A.
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1. My coach always said, “Basketball is ________. It’s about putting the ball in the basket.”
2. The journalist ________ to express his views that were exactly opposite to others.
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3. The new management system has kept the company far ________ in terms of product
development.
4. During the war, both sides acted with________, including the use of nuclear weapons.
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5. The ________ is that you should consult your doctor or nutritionist before using acai
pills as part of a diet.
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6. The young fashion designer ________ to come up with fresh new ideas that will grab
customers’ attention.
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1C Grammar
‘Used to’, ‘be used to’ and ‘get used to’
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e.g. Nowadays, people all over the world are getting used to shopping online.
A. Study the following sentences and match the sentences (1–3) with the meanings (a-c).
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1. Ni Mar used to walk to school when she a. be familiar with
was a third grader. b. process of becoming
2. My mom is used to getting up early to
familiar with something
offer Soon to monks.
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c. past habit
3. Ko Gyi couldn’t stand the smell of Ngapi
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at first, but now he gets used to it.
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‘Used to’, ‘be used to’ and ‘get used to’ look similar but they have very different uses.
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Used to
We use ‘used to + infinitive’ to talk about a past situation that is no longer true. It tells us that
there was a repeated action or state in the past which has now changed.
e.g. She used to be a quiet person when she was younger.
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I didn’t use to eat vegetables, but now I know the benefits of eating vegetables.
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Did you use to play here as a child?

Be used to
‘Be used to’ means ‘be familiar with’ or ‘be accustomed to’.
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e.g. My younger sister is used to doing challenging tasks and she doesn’t mind difficult math sums.
He wasn’t used to walking so much and his legs hurt after the hike.
I live with my grandparents so I’m used to caring for older people.
Get used to
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We use ‘get used to’ to talk about the process of becoming familiar with something.
e.g. I found learning French hard at first but now I’m getting used to it.
It took my mother years to get used to living in this city after moving from her native village.
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I’m getting used to the noise now. I found it really stressful when I first moved in.
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‘Be used to’ and ‘get used to’ are followed by a noun, pronoun or the -ing form of a verb,
and can be used about the past, present or future.
B. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

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1. I always hated the hot weather but I _____ it when I lived in Myingyan.
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a. get used to
b. got used to
c. used to
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d. am used to
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2. Our group _____ much positive feedback from the teacher, but this time he is happy with
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our performance.
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a. didn’t use to get
b. weren’t used to get
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c. didn’t use to getting
d. used to getting
3. I am a vegetarian so I _____ meat and fish.
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a. ‘m not used to have
b. ‘m used to not having
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c. used to having
d. used to have
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4. Your English is wonderful. _____ English lessons as a child?
a. Are you used to having
b. Did you used to have
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c. Are you used to have

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d. Did you get used to

5. You’ve stopped playing the guitar. But why? You _____ it all the time.
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a. got used to play

b. used to play
c. used to playing
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d. was used to play

6. I’ve joined face-to-face classes only so I don’t know if I _____ online.
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a. ’ll ever used to learn

b. ’ll get used to learn
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c. ’ll ever get used to learning

d. ’ll ever be used to learn
7. Even though I liked my new house, I _____ the noisy neighbours.
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a. couldn’t be used to
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b. couldn’t get use to

c. couldn’t get using to
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d. couldn’t get used to
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8. I _____ the kitchen but I don’t have time now.
a. got used to cleaning
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b. used to cleaning
c. am used to clean
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d. used to clean
9. _____ watching cartoon series in your childhood?
a. Did you use to enjoy
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b. Did you get used to enjoying
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c. Were you used to enjoy
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d. Were you used to enjoying
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10. I’m attending a cookery course and I’ll _____ it soon.
a. used to
b. get used to
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c. be used to
d. used to be
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1 D Listening and Speaking

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Interviewing
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A. Listen to the interview with Michele, a young entrepreneur. Then tick (√) what Michele said.
1. Brown and Black Girls manufactures stationery, purses, accessories for girls like hair clips,
earrings, brooches, etc.
2. With the help of her mother, Michele started her own business.
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3. Michele formerly worked as a graphic designer at her mother’s company.

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4. Brown and Black Girls does not manufacture barbies and dolls.
5. Creating a unique image of a company is not easy.
6. Michele got motivation from seeing other girls wear my stuff and being proud of who they are.
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7. It is very important for an entrepreneur to be willing to work hard.
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B. Listen again and complete the following table about the Black Brown Girls Stationaery.com.
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Owner Michele
Workers 5 employees
(1) _______ volunteers
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Products manufactured (2) _________ purses
(3) _________
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Products sold on average per year 10, 000 (4) _______
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(5) _______ notepads
(6) _______ backpacks
Motto
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have (7) _________
Advice given to those who like to start a similar business Have (8) ________
do your homework
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(9) _________ have the

necessary capital set
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aside
be (10) __________
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C. In groups of four, write about your dream company (when it was founded, what inspired
you to start the company, how many employees you have, to what extent you got success,
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your motto, your future plan, etc.)

Then, one from each group interview a member of the other group and take turns.
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Useful language
• Tell me about your business/ company.
• How did you come up with your business idea?

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• What motivates you? And what is your motto?
• To what extent would you say you have achieved success so far?
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• What are your future plans?

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E Writing
Descriptive essay
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A descriptive essay describes A descriptive essay should A descriptive essay
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• a person include makes readers
• a thing • facts • see
• a place • opinion • feel
• characteristics • hear
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• past situation • taste
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• current situation • smell for what is
described.
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Nway Oo
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A. Read the prompts given in the boxes (A- E) and choose the appropriate topic for each.
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Facts Characteristics Opinion Past Situation Current Situation

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…………….
A …………….
B
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• not only a cousin but also • creative
a friend for me • artistic
• want to be like her • willing to take risks

• keeps going while facing
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• love hearing about her

exciting life failures
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…………….
• runs an IT service company in Mandalay
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• really successful
• makes an average salary of 3,000,000, MMK
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monthly
• do voluntary works in her spare time
• pride of the whole family
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…………….
D …………….
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• not very popular among • my cousin
students and teachers • 25 years old
when she was young • a successful IT technician
• learned IT while attending • born in Shwe Bo

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the university • not very attractive but

always looks cheerful and
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• gained professional
certifications in IT pleasant
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B. Write a descriptive essay of about 250 words, using the prompts given.
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UNIT 2 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) and ROBOTICS:
Help or Threat?
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Reading
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• Reading about AI
Vocabulary
• Synonyms
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• Antonyms
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• Phrasal verbs
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Grammar
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• Reported Speech

• Listening to different views on the use of AI
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• Talking about a robot friend

• Discussion on benefits and potential dangers of AI
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Writing
• Writing a compare and contrast paragraph
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2A Reading
Pre-reading
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A. Work with a partner. Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
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1. Find the differences: how are Picture A and Picture B different?

2. Which robot would you like to have? Why?
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B. In pairs, discuss what the passage might be about.

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Picture A Picture B
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C. Match a word in Column A with a word in Column B to make a phrase. Then match the phrases
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with definitions i–v.
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Column A Column B Definitions
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1. solar a. revolution i) a harsh unpleasant sound
2. work b. jobs ii) perform tirelessly
3. technological c. energy iii) a significant transformation in technology
4. create d. voice that changes the way society functions
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5. metallic e. unwearyingly iv) provide work for people who are
unemployed
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v) type of energy generated by the Sun
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D. Complete the following sentences, using the phrases in Exercise 3.
a. The ----- ----- of AI programmes sounds robotic when they give instructions.
b. Nowadays, many families use ----- ----- to generate electricity.
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c. It is important to ----- ----- for the unemployed to help boost a nation’s economy.
d. As a robot is a mechanical device, it is not surprising that it can ----- -----.
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e. Due to the ----- -----, many people have become unemployed as machines have replaced
manpower.
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Read the text.

He looked at us and spoke – in a metallic voice, “No, you’re not my creators”.
“Why?” we said, surprised “We made you”. It took us years. Years of sleepless nights. Years away
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from family just to create him. For us he is a ‘he’ not an ‘it’. Now, this. We wait for his answer with
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bated breath.
He laughs yet again, his passive face sneering. It’s not a human’s laugh (what do you expect from
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a bot?) – no human warmth whatsoever.

“Look at you. You are all weak and vulnerable,” he said, eyeing us with a sense of superiority.
“You need food and water for energy. You need to sleep and rest. You have a short life. You cannot
work when it is too cold or too hot”.
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“Look at me. I am a perfect machine, made of strong, durable metal – made to last for eternity.
I use solar energy only. I live as long as there’s the faintest of sunlight. I don’t need any food or
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water. I can work under any conditions, hot or cold, unwearyingly. How on earth can you be my
creators and masters?”
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This scary conversation is imaginary. Who knows? We, the creators, may be talking to an AI bot
just like this – in the near future.
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Evolution is happening so fast. It is a matter of years or may be just months before people are
replaced by machines.
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Food for thought: many people still think that automation can create new kinds of jobs. This may
result in increased productivity and economic growth. The unreasonable fear of robots emerging
in years to come may be just a false alarm. Many are optimistic about the technological revolution
and believe that automation and machinery combined with AI will bring nothing but the best for
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humanity. Needless to say, machinery made people’s lives easier in the past. There’s no end to
people’s wants and we need to spend more hours at work benches, factories and offices. No one
can deny the fact that the invention of the machinery is closely tied to productivity. However,
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should we trust our future to an emotionless machine in the workplace? The cost of creating
these machines and advancing technologies, which also affects people losing jobs and incomes,
can be daunting.
The line between fruits of human creativity and AI generated products has increasingly blurred.
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On the IT front, with the rapid evolution of AI-powered Chatbots, like ChatGPT from GPT 1 to GPT
4, DALL-E, machines can generate humanlike creativity. It is hard to distinguish between human-
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created and AI-generated content. Writing song lyrics or drawing paintings in Art and writing an
academic paper in education, for instance, can be done using AI.
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Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s leading scientists, warns of the dangers of artificial
intelligence. “It will either be the best thing that’s ever happened to us, or it will be the worst
thing. If we’re not careful, it very well may be the last thing.” He stressed, “Basically, AI will be very
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good at accomplishing its goals; if humans get in the way, we could be in trouble.”
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Professor Hawking agrees that the development of artificial intelligence has already proved very
beneficial for humanity. Towards this end, people need to be trained in the correct use of AI. He
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is also worried about the consequences of creating something that can match or surpass humans.
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On one hand, we need to keep the advantages of technological progress in mind. On the other
hand, we need to proceed with caution when it comes to giving ownership to AI. When AI takes
charge of everything, humans will become subservient to their creation. This is a scary scenario
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in which AI will soon turn into a ruthless master. Humans will become slaves to their own genius
– victims of their own relentless search for things new and novel.
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Humans, be careful. What are potential disadvantages and ethical concerns of AI? Ask questions
– a lot of questions – before you trust your future to AI.
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A. Choose the topic that best describes the given text.
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1. The benefits of AI
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2. The dangers of AI
3. Humans Vs AI
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B. Read the text again and complete the following table. The first one has been done for you.
Working
Body Energy Lifespan
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condition
Strong and
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AI ……………. ……………. …………….
durable
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Human ……………. ……………. ……………. …………….
C. Work with a partner. Answer the following questions in complete sentences.

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1. What kind of voice does the machine have when it speaks?

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2. How did it take the creators to make the machine?
3. How is the machine’s laugh described in the passage?

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4. How would you respond to the AI who made complaints as in the passage?
5. How can automation bring increased productivity and economic growth?
6. According to the passage, what is the belief of the majority of people about automation
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and machinery combined with AI?

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7. Give examples from the passage that indicate evolution of AI.
8. What does the passage say regarding the challenges in relying on emotionless machines
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for our future??
9. Based on the passage, give three examples of creative tasks that we can do using AI.
10. According to the world’s leading scientist Stephen Hawking, how can we train AI to benefit
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humanity?
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2B. Vocabulary
Synonyms and Antonyms
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A. Look at the examples in the box and underline the correct words in the explanations.
1. A synonym is a word that is similar to another word / a word that means the opposite of
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another word.
2. An antonym is a word that is similar to another word/ a word that means the opposite of
another word.
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e.g. 1. Two synonyms of ‘big’ are ‘large’ and ‘huge’.
e.g. 2. Two antonyms of ‘weak’ are ‘strong’ and ‘bright’.
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B. Work in groups. Read the text and find the words that are similar to the given words.
a. defenseless
b. transformation
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c. intimidating
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d. difficult
e. merciless
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C. Complete the following sentences using the answers in Exercise 2.

1. The technological ---------- has brought about significant changes in our lives.
2. There are certain points in life where we feel ---------- and seek mental support from
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people around us.

3. It is ---------- to say who is going to win as both teams are really good.
4. The ---------- dictator was brought down by the brave people of the nation.
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5. Cooking was ---------- at first since I had little idea how to please different tastes.
D. Read the text and find the opposites of the given words.
a. harmful
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b. fail to exceed
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c. true
d. pessimistic
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e. focus
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E. Complete the following sentences with the answers from Exercise 4.
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a. He believes that his research findings will prove ---------- to many people.
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b. Her novel was based on a true story but it ---------- the line between fact and fiction.
c. They are holding on to a ---------- hope that the results will be in their favour.
d. I am ---------- about our chances of winning this revolution. We will be the winners.
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e. Some people think robots can ---------- the capabilities of human workers one day.
Phrasal Verbs
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A. Look at the examples in the box and complete the explanation of ‘phrasal verbs’.
A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a ---------- or, an -----------, or both.
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a) Take off the gloves before you wash your hands.
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b) Have you ever come across such an unusual piece of art?
c) The education webinar is on Thursday. I’m really looking forward to it.
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B. Match the following phrasal verbs with their meanings.

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Column A Column B
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1. keep in mind a. to cause (something) to happen

2. proceed with b. to look at someone or something in an unkind way that shows
3. sneer at disrespect
4. result in c. to be careful to remember something important
5. take charge of d. to continue a particular action or process
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e. to accept responsibility for something and have control over it:
C. Complete the following sentences using phrasal verbs in the box.

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keep in mind look at proceed with search for sneer at

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result in take charge of turn into warn of wait for
1. I’m now on a bus going downtown. Can you ---------- me at the bus terminal?
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2. I want to ---------- you ----- heavy traffic on the way to the airport.
3. Conversations usually ---------- a heated debate when views differ.
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4. Despite the challenges, he decided to ---------- the plan to go abroad.

5. Cheating in the exam is shameful and many ---------- the idea.
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6. They should ---------- the illustrations in the slides to understand the content.
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7. When planning for an event, it is important to ---------- the welfare of the attendees.
8. As a team leader, she decided to ---------- the project to ensure its successful completion.
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9. Failure to follow the traffic rules on the road can ---------- accidents.
10. I decided to ---------- a reliable source of information before starting my research project.
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2C. Grammar
Reported Speech
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A. Look at the sentences and underline the correct words.
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When we report a conversation, ...
a. the present tenses change to the future / past simple.
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b. the past simple changes to the present perfect / past perfect.
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B. Study the following table. Identify the changes in the reported statements.
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Direct Speech Indirect Speech
a. He said, “You cannot work when it is too a. He told us that we could not work when it
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cold or too hot.” was too cold or too hot.
b. “Look at me”, he said. b. He told us to look at him.

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c. He said to his wife, “Do you want a domestic c. He asked his wife if she wanted a domestic
robot?” robot.
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C. Choose the option that expresses the given sentence in direct speech.
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1. She said to the tailor, “Will you have the dress ready tomorrow evening?”
A. She said to the tailor that she would have the dress ready the next evening.
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B. She asked the tailor if she would have the dress ready the next evening
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C. She said to the tailor that if she will like to have the dress the next evening.
D. She said to the tailor that she will have the suit ready the next evening.
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2. Dad said to me, “Why did you go out late last night”?
A. Dad asked me why I had gone out late the night before.
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B. Dad said to me why I was going out late the night before.
C. Dad said to me why had I been going out late the night before.
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D. Dad said to me that why I went out late the night before.
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3. He said, ‘Why didn’t you send me a friend request?’
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A. He asked me why had I not sent him a friend request.
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B. He enquired why I had not sent him a friend request.
C. He enquired why I did not send him a friend request.
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D. He questioned why I had not sent him a friend request.
4. She said, “Don’t share the AI access code with anyone.”

A. She warned us not to share the AI access code with anyone.
OE
B. She said do not share the AI access code with anyone.
GM
C. She warned us not to shared the AI access code with anyone.
D. She said no share the AI access code with anyone.

NU
5. My grandpa said, “Is AI going to replace human jobs?”
A. My grandpa requested if AI was going to replace human jobs.
B. My grandpa asked if AI is going to replace human jobs,
OE
C. My grandpa asked if AI was going to replace human jobs.

D. My grandpa requested if was AI going to replace human jobs.
GM
NU
D. Change the following direct speeches into indirect speeches.
1. She said,” I salute all our heroes who have sacrificed everything for a new Myanmar.”
2. Father said, “Always do what you believe in and not what you see other people do, Son.”
3. “Despite the hardships, my friend refused to go back to her work”, Aunty said to me.
OE
4. “During these uncertain times, I managed to turn challenges into opportunities”, said she.
GM
5. The teacher said, “Students, are there any more questions to ask before we conclude the
lesson?”
NU
6. “Are you attending the AI conference next week?” she asked.
7. She said to her dishonest maid, “Get out and don’t let me see your face again.”
8. U Aung said, “I’ll never bow down to any pressure even if I have to quit my job.”
OE
9. She inquired, “Have you made a cash transfer to me yet?”

GM
10. “If you need assistance with writing a research paper, feel free to ask,” the professor said.
NU
18
OE
2D. Listening and Speaking
GM
A. Listen to the views of three people on the use of AI. Complete the
following sentences with the appropriate words.
NU
1. Cherry wants to have a --------- robot in her house to help
her with her household chores.
2. It is not easy for Cherry to arrive at her --------- in time.
3. Cherry is too --------- to prepare dinner for her family when
E
she gets back from work.
MO
4. Steve believes that our lives have become --------- with advancements in AI.
5. According to Steve, AI bots are displacing --------- workers in some workplaces.
G
6. Harry thinks AI is not a --------- to us but useful to people of all ages.
NU
B. Listen again and say whether the following statements are True or False.
1. Cherry is a busy working mother.
OE
2. Steve is not aware that the use of AI can increase productivity.

3. Steve hopes that with the advanced technology, AI robots will become more useful to
GM
humans in the future.

4. Harry thinks the emergence of AI is very helpful to us.
NU
5. Harry uses all the ideas Chat GPT gives when he writes his assignments.
C. Listen to their views again. Which view do you agree with?

E
D. Work with a partner. Compare and discuss your ideas.

MO
E. In pairs, interview your partner using the questions below.

G
1. Do you want a robot friend? Why or why not?

NU
2. Do you think robots will become our friends one day? Why or why not?
3. What is something you want a robot to help you with? Why?
OE
F. Tell the class about your friend’s views on a robot friend.

GM
NU
19
2E. Discussion
OE
A. Think about the following points and make some brief notes.
GM
1. the benefits of AI
2. some of the potential dangers of AI
NU
3. how people are currently using it
B. Work in pairs and share your notes. Ask and answer the questions. Ask for further information.
OE
2F. Writing
GM
A. Work in groups. Make notes on life without AI and life with AI using the points given in the
T-chart. Some notes have been given.
Life without AI
NU Life with AI
OE
• Entertainment virtual shows

• Education chalk, board
GM
• Agriculture farming with AI based machines

• Food and drink manual food products
NU
• Life styl more time with family

OE
B. Write a paragraph of 250 words on “Living in Two Worlds: With and Without AI”. You can start
the paragraph as follows.
GM
Life without AI and life with AI differ in many ways. On the subject of entertainment, in the
NU
past, when there was no AI, recreational activities included enjoying traditional dances in
the open air, taking part in various physical games and playing with handmade toys. In the
AI age, …
OE
GM
NU
20
OE
UNIT 3 EQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION
GM
Reading
• Reading about equal access to education
NU
Vocabulary
• Compound words
E
Grammar
MO
• Relative adverbs ‘where’, ‘when’, and ‘why’
G
NU
• Listening to three children talking about access to education
• Expressing opinions and asking for opinions
Writing
OE
• Writing an opinion essay

GM
3A Reading
Pre-reading
NU
a. The following factors affect child education. Rank these factors in the order of importance –
from the highest to the lowest (1-10).
b. Check your answers in pairs. What are the differences?
c. Add two more points that can affect child education.
E
MO
a. age 1.
b. financial support 2.
G
c. health 3.
NU
d. intelligence 4.
e. interest 5.
f. language 6.
g. location 7.
OE
h. parent’s awareness 8.
i. political stability 9.
GM
j. social environment 10.

k.
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l.
21
Look at the pictures.
OE
• What are they doing?
GM
• Where do you think they are?
• Do you think they have good opportunities to learn? Why or why not?
NU
OE
GM
Picture A Picture B
Read the passage. NU

Equal access to education is vital for the development of any modern society. The higher
the portion of the educated population, the greater the number of productive members in the
OE
community. These people, with the high level of knowledge and skills, will eventually become the
GM
general workforce – comprising intellectuals and technicians, among others – of the nation.
What is educational equality? To put it simply, it means providing children with the same
NU
resources. Fair and equal access to education must be provided regardless of the socioeconomic
status, geographic location, race, religion, cultural or political preferences of people, or any other
factor that might deprive them of access to a high-quality learning experience. In addition, they
OE
must be able to take advantage of that access.

However, not all children have an equal opportunity to reach their full potential, pursue
GM
their interests, and develop their talents and skills. We can frequently see in our surroundings
that many children, especially those from disadvantaged backgrounds, abandon their education
NU
because they have more urgent things to do than seeking education. Some children work to
support their families; others can experience high-quality education.
What causes educational inequality? The main cause of educational inequality is the poor
OE
socioeconomic status of the parents of many children. Such interrelated factors as poverty,
unemployment, illness, and illiteracy of the parents can multiply the risk of non-schooling and
GM
the drop-out rate of a child by two.

The second important factor that causes educational inequality is political instability in the
NU
areas where children live. Currently, in some parts of Myanmar, people have been living in internal
22
OE
displacement, and many schoolchildren do not get access to education; instead, they have been
facing conflicts, violence, insecurity, and human rights violations. Many schools had to be closed,
GM
some destroyed, and only a few children could continue their learning with poor facilities.
Thirdly, natural disasters and climate change cause inequality in education. Recently, during
NU
the COVID-19 pandemic, schools were closed, and children had to rely on online learning, which
affected them unequally, as not all children had the opportunities, tools, or access needed to
keep learning during the pandemic.
E
Fourthly, discrimination based on race and gender is the underlying cause of educational
MO
inequality, especially in some areas like the Middle East, Africa, Central Asia, and Southern and
Western Asia. Educational inequality occurs when there is racial discrimination due to the ethnic
G
origin of the children, the language they speak, and their religion. When the language of instruction
NU
is not in students’ native tongue, they learn much less and drop out of school earlier. In some
areas, due to their culture and tradition, males are favoured to access education, but females
have to work in the family home. Thus, women face poverty and unemployment due to a lack of
OE
education.
GM
In developing countries, many children lack access to education and some get access to
education with limited resources – poor education systems, poor infrastructure, insufficient
NU
learning materials, and shortage of well-trained teachers. They are not allowed to make their
own choices in education, which results in an uncertain future.
What are the effects of educational inequality? When children do not get equal access
to education, they can have less knowledge of the world around them. Not having adequate
E
MO
education and skills hinders youths from getting jobs. This results in unemployment, lower life
expectancy, malnutrition, a higher chance of chronic diseases, early marriage, and crime rates.
G
When these children grow up, they may contribute less to the good of the society and more to
NU
the ills. If this difference in educational inequality increases over time, children tend to become
less open-minded, less flexible, and unable to adapt to changing environmental conditions. These
negative impacts cause fear, hatred, and violence in society. Not having equal access to education
is a loss of democratic values – all citizens must have the same rights and obligations without
OE
distinction.
GM
What should we do to have equal access to education? A secure environment where no war,
violence, or racial or social discrimination exists is a prerequisite. In other words, this is a place
NU
where democratic values exist. Learning process should be through children’s native language to
reduce anxiety caused by the language barrier and they should be free to choose what they want
23
to pursue. In addition, organizing campaigns that facilitate diversity and openness to different
OE
perspectives will be of great help. If provided with the above favourable conditions, youths will
GM
become more productive members of society who understand democratic values such as equality,
freedom, justice, pluralism, tolerance, and respect.
NU
Comprehension
A. According to the passage, how many factors affect child education? What are they? How do
you know?
OE
B. Find the words in the passage that are similar in meaning to the following.
GM
1. right to have or use something
2. persons who are well-educated and can think rightly about things
NU
3. the quality of a situation in which things are likely to change or fail suddenly
4. leave a thing or place, especially because it is impossible to stay
5. the practice of treating somebody or a particular group in society less failry than others
OE
6. going against or refusing to obey a law

7. something that must exist
GM
C. Choose the best answer.

1. In order to have access to equal education, children must ________.
NU
a. acquire a high-quality education.

b. have same socio-economic status.
c. have the same advantage to access education.
OE
d. receive same resources.

2. In line 2, the word “portion” mostly means ________.
GM
a. a part of something that is shared with other people.

b. an amount of food that is large enough for each person.
NU
c. dividing something into parts.

d. one part of something larger.
3. In paragraph 7, the word “favoured” means ________.
OE
a. helped.
GM
b. supported.
c. preferred.
NU
d. treated better.
24
OE
4. According to the passage, we will be open-minded, flexible, and able to adapt to changing
environmental conditions if we ________.
GM
a. contribute to society.
b. have educational equality.
NU
c. have opportunity to learn without any pressure.
d. know democratic values.
5. In paragraph 6, child education during the Covid 19 pandemic is the example of ________
E
that cause educational inequality.
MO
a. health issues
b. human rights violations
G
c. natural disasters
NU
d. violence and conflicts
6. If the language of instruction is different from children’s mother tongue, _______.
a. the language barrier may affect their learning process.
OE
b. the language they speak will not be developed.

c. they cannot choose what they want to pursue.
GM
d. they will be forced to learn in non-native language.

7. Not paying respect to the ethnic origin of people, the language they speak, and their
NU
religion can cause ________.

a. gender discrimination.
b. racial discrimination.
E
c. educational inequality.
MO
d. poverty and unemployment.

8. Some regions still have gender inequality, that is, women are less ________.
G
a. cultural.
NU
b. educated.
c. favoured.
d. traditional.
OE
9. According to the passage, productive members of society are _________.

a. those who are educated.
GM
b. those who can contribute to the society.

c. those who have same rights and obligations.
NU
d. those who understand democratic values.
25
10. The main focus of the passage is _________.
OE
a. why children are important.
GM
b. why equal access to education is important.
c. why democratic values are important.
NU
d. why people’s socio-economic status is important.
3B. Vocabulary
Compound words
OE
e.g.
GM
• The main cause of educational inequality is the poor socioeconomic status of the parents
of many children.
NU
• The word socioeconomic is a compound adjective. It is a combining form, that is, combining
the word element ‘socio-’ with the other word ‘economic’.
A. Here is a list of compound words used in specialized contexts. Can you match the compound
OE
words in Column A with their definitions in Column B?

GM
Column A Column B
1. biodiversity A. the study of the influence of geography on international
NU
politics and international relations

2. biotechnology B. the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria,
viruses, and fungi
3. ecofriendly C. the transmission of information over long distances
OE
using electronic means

4. geopolitics
D. relating to or concerned with the interaction of social
GM
and economic factors

5. hydroelectric
E. the variety of plant and animal life in a particular
habitat
NU
6. microbiology
F. not harmful to the environment
7. neuroscience G. the scientific study of the nervous system, including

the brain and spinal cord
OE
8. physiotherapy H. relating to the generation of electricity from the

energy of flowing water
GM
9. socioeconomic I. the use of living organisms or their systems to create

useful products
10. telecommunication J. a branch of rehabilitative healthcare that uses physical
NU
methods to promote healing and well-being
26
OE
B. Fill in the blanks with the compound words in Exercise A.
1. Students who specialize in _________ study the behavior of bacteria under various
GM
conditions.
2. Conservation efforts aim to protect the _________ of fragile ecosystems.
NU
3. Our understanding of brain function has greatly advanced thanks to the scientists’ findings
on _________.
4. The _________ dam generates electricity by harnessing the power of waterfalls.
5. _________ has revolutionized the medical field, leading to the development of new
E
treatments and therapies.
MO
6. After his knee surgery, Uncle Htun underwent _________to regain strength and mobility.
7. _________ plays a significant role in international conflicts and alliances.
G
8. I decided to buy an _________ car that runs on electricity to reduce my carbon footprint
and help protect the environment.
NU
9. _________factors play a significant role in determining access to education and healthcare.
10.The _________ industry has rapidly evolved with the advent of the internet and mobile
OE
technology.
GM
3C. Grammar
Relative adverbs ‘where’, when’, ‘why’, etc.
NU
A relative adverb is an adverb that heads an adjective clause.

e.g.
This is a place where democratic values exist.
• ‘Where’ is used to introduce a relative clause describing a place.
E
MO
e.g.
I’ve never been to the office where my dad works.
Is that the shop where you bought your dress?
G
Tell me about the gym where you go.

NU
• ‘When” is used to introduce a relative clause relating to time.

e.g.
The 1970s is the decade when heavy rock music dominated.
OE
I love the class activities when we get the chance to share our ideas.
Min Min never forgets the day when he left his native village.
GM
• ‘Why” is used to introduce a relative clause describing a reason.

e.g.
NU
I don’t know the reason why he left the party early.

Please tell me the reason why you choose that particular topic for the presentation.
27
A. Complete each sentence with the appropriate relative adverb from the box.
OE
• when I won the first prize in the essay • where we usually have breakfast
GM
competition
• when we enjoyed the air-ballooning festival • when we can be together again
NU
• where I can find a wide variety of books • where she was staying
• where we usually swim and fish • why she has been avoiding me
OE
GM
1. The restaurant _______ is now being renovated.
2. I like Knowledge Zone, the bookstore _______.
NU
3. The villager found his lost cow near the stream _______.
4. I’m hoping for the time _______.
5. Cho Mar’s friends came to see her at the hotel _______.
6. The day _______ is the happiest day for me.
OE
7. I like to know the reason _______.

GM
8. We often talk about the time _______.

NU
B. Combine each pair of sentences, using the relative adverbs ‘where’, ‘when’, or ‘why’.
e.g. I love the countryside. I can enjoy the beauty of nature there.
I love the countryside where I can enjoy the beauty of nature.
OE
1. The police arrived at the place. The accident happened there.

GM
2. Do you remember the coffee house? We met there for the first time.
3. Nat Mauk is a town in Magway Region. Bo Gyoke Aung San was born in that town.
NU
4. I can remember a time. I could eat four hamburgers at that time.

5. I do not know the reason. She is always posting selfies on social media.
6. We parked near the wood. We caught the rabbit there.
7. I remember the era. Teachers could give students the cane then.
OE
8. I really don’t understand the reason. Nobody is smiling in the group selfie.
GM
9. The centre of the village is very beautiful. You’ll find the church and the gardens there.
10. Sunset is always my favourite time of the day. I can see beautiful clouds in various colours at
NU
that time.
28
OE
3 D Listening and Speaking
Listen to the three children and answer the questions that follow.
GM
NU
E
MO
Mina Kim Cecelia
A. What does each child talk about? Write the name beside the number.
G
1. access to education during a natural disaster. 1. ……….
NU
2. women’s education 2. ……….
3. racial differences 3. ……….
B. Listen again and complete the sentences.
OE
1. Kim’s parents migrated from Korea to the US when he was _______ old.
2. He was wondering how the _______ shapes human physiology.
GM
3. Being bicultural enables people to be more _______ and more creative.

4. At first, Cecelia thought it was _______ when the school closed.
NU
5. She later realized that the closure of the school due to the pandemic _______ her
education.
6. She felt something was _______ when she could not go to school.
7. Mina’s parents think men are more _______ and productive than women.
E
MO
8. Mina wants more funding and _______ for women’s education.

9. All the three children talk about _______.
G
10. According to these children, _______, gender, and health are important factors in
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accessing education.
C. Expressing opinions and asking for opinions.
Expressing opinions
The following phrases are used to express one’ opinions.
OE
• I think…
GM
• I believe…
• I feel…
NU
• In my opinion… and
• I would say…
29
Asking for opinions
OE
When we express an opinion or suggestion, it is a good idea to ask other people for theirs. The
GM
following phrases can be used to ask for opinions of others:
• What do you think of…?
NU
• What are your thoughts on…?
• How do you feel about…? and
• What’s your opinion on…?
D. What does Bo Bo say to Sandi?
OE
Complete the conversation between two friends, Bo Bo and Sandi, with Bo Bo’s responses
GM
given in the box.
S = Sandi B = Bo Bo
What’s your thoughts on it?

NU
S: I think it is important to listen to children’s voices. a. In my opinion, they should
spend their leisure on learning new
B: (1) _________________. skills like languages, sports, art, etc.
OE
S: And I believe a child should be viewed as a valued

citizen and social actor. How do you feel about it? b. Definitely. They should be
GM
B: (2) _________________. allowed to express their feelings

S: Wow! But in my opinion, we should understand and ideas.
NU
that every child has his own strengths and

weaknesses. c. Of course. They have rights to
B: (3) _________________. choose their hobbies and interests.
OE
S: Then, what’s your opinion on spending time?

Should they spend much time studying lessons all d. Exactly. And I would say they
GM
the time? have their own dreams.

B: (4) _________________.
NU
S: Depending on their interests, right? e. You’re right. I would say children

B: (5) _______________________. are wiser than many might think.
E. In pairs, practise the dialogue.

OE
GM
NU
30
OE
3 E Writing
Writing an opinion essay
GM
Write an opinion essay (about 250 words) on “Should life skills be taught at schools”.
The following are different opinions on teaching life skills at schools.
NU
• Can affect students’ learning • Can be taught while doing classroom activities
other traditional subjects like group work or pair work
• Should be through self-learning • Help students know how to deal with people,
E
MO
• Should be taught later in their lives how to manage time and finance, how to solve
daily-life problems, etc.
• Can develop students’ communicative skills,
G
NU
collaborative skills, negotiation skills by sharing
ideas, or helping weaker ones
OE
Useful Language
GM
• To introduce the topic, use Nowadays, At present, etc.
• To express opinions, use Personally I think, In my opinion, I believe, I feel, etc.

NU
• To present contrasting ideas, use Some people say, Others might think, etc.
• To conclude the essay, use To sum up, Thus, In a nutshell, etc.

E
G MO
NU
OE
GM
NU
31
REVIEW 1
OE
A. Complete each sentence with the correct expression given in brackets.
GM
1. You need to ______ (go out on a limb/ think outside the box) to deal with this unusual
problem.
NU
2. She always tries her best in the class so that she can stay ______ (ahead of the pack/ the
bottom line).
3. Try to understand and use idioms. They are ______ (no-holds-barred/ not rocket science).
OE
They are interesting to learn.
GM
4. As the kittens have lost their mother, they look very _______(ruthless/vulnerable).
5. It is a bit _______(hard/daunting) process to change career.
change though it may be harmless.

NU
6. She is rather conservative or not _______ (optimistic/ false) enough to accept the social
7. By means of _______ (biodiversity/ biotechnology), scientists insert genes from one

OE
organism into another, creating new traits.

GM
8. By using _______ (socioeconomic/ eco-friendly) products, we can reduce the harmful
impact on the environment.

NU
9. _______(Socioeconomic/ Hydroelectric) power uses the natural flow of moving water to
generate electricity.
10. _______(Telecommunication/ Neuroscience) enables us to have easy access to the people

OE
we would like to contact regardless of the places they live.

GM
B. Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given in brackets.

NU
1. I ________ swim in the Ayeyarwaddy river in my childhood. (Complete the sentence filling
the blank with ‘used to’, ‘was used to’ or ‘got used to’.)
2. It took me a while to ______ my new i-phone. (Fill in the blank with ‘be used to’, ‘being
OE
used to’ or “get used to’.)

GM
3. I _______ spicy food now because of my room-mate who always has spicy food.
(Complete the sentence filling the blank with ‘used to’, ‘am used to’ or ‘am getting used to’.)
NU
32
OE
4. I _______ the new job as it is very demanding. But I will try my best. (Fill in the blank with
‘did not use to’, ‘am not used to’ or “can’t get used to’.)
GM
5. In the play, the son and the daughter of the two enemies ______ (result in/turn into) lovers.
NU
(Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete the sentence.)
6. Don’t ______ (look at/ sneer at) the weakness of others. (Choose the correct phrasal verb
to complete the sentence.)
E
MO
7. When her boss is away on business, she ______ (takes charge of/ keeps in mind) the company.
(Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete the sentence.)
G
8. I feel quite nostalgic for the town. I grew up there. (Combine the sentences, using the

NU
suitable relative adverb ‘where’, ‘when’, or ‘why’.)
9. I want to go back to my childhood. I had no worries and no stress then. (Combine the
OE
sentences, using the suitable relative adverb ‘where’, ‘when’, or ‘why’.)
10. I can’t understand the reason. Some people show off too much on social media. (Combine
GM
the sentences, using the suitable relative adverb ‘where’, ‘when’, or ‘why’.)
NU
E
G MO
NU
OE
GM
NU
33
POEM 1 EQUALITY
OE
Equality Look at the picture. Guess what the poem might be
GM
about.
You declare you see me dimly
through a glass which will not shine,
NU
though I stand before you boldly,
trim in rank and marking time.
You do own to hear me faintly
as a whisper out of range,
OE
while my drums beat out the message
and the rhythms never change.
GM
Equality, and I will be free.
You announce my ways are wanton, NU

that I fly from man to man,
but if I’m just a shadow to you,
OE
could you ever understand? Pre-reading

GM
1. What does equality mean to you? How is it

We have lived a painful history,
we know the shameful past, important in society?
but I keep on marching forward,
NU
and you keep on coming last. 2. How would you feel if you are treated differently
from other people around you?

Equality, and I will be free. 3. What would you do in such a situation?
OE
4. Do you think there is discrimination in the place

Take the blinders from your vision,
GM
take the padding from your ears, where you are now? If so, describe it.
and confess you’ve heard me crying,
5. Do you think there are people, institutions,
and admit you’ve seen my tears.
NU
and organizations to stop such discrimination

Hear the tempo so compelling,
hear the blood throb in my veins. between human beings? If so, mention them.
Yes, my drums are beating nightly,
OE
and the rhythms never change.

GM

NU
Maya Angelou (1928 – 2014)
34
OE
Glossary
equality (n) - a state of being equal, especially in rights and opportunities
GM
out of range (adv) - too far away to be reached or detected
NU
beat out the message (vp)- to make the clear sound of the message
wanton (adj) - behaving or appearing in a very sexual way
blinders (n) - two flaps on a horse’s bridle to keep it from seeing objects at its sides
padding (n) - soft material used to cover a hard surface
E
MO
tempo (n) - speed or rate of an event happens or a musical
throb (v) - beat or sound with a strong regular rhythm
G
NU
Poetic devices
Repetition
Repetition is a commonly used literary device especially in poetry. It means repeating words,
phrases, lines, or stanzas of a poem. Repetition can help create rhyme, metric, and rhythm,
OE
contributing to the musical quality of poems. It also helps provide emphasis.

Metaphor
GM
A metaphor is also a literary device that shows a comparison between two things. It states one
thing is similar to another in terms of an idea or a characteristic without any conjunction that
NU
indicates the sense of comparison such as “like” or “as”. (as in ‘you shine like the sun!’).
Read the poem and answer the following questions. Choose A, B, C, or D.

1. Who do you think the speaker of the poem is?
E
A. A black musician
MO
B. A black man
C. A black woman
D. A young girl
G
2. Which literary device does the poet use in the lines “Equality, and I will be free. Equality,
NU
and I will be free.”?

A. metaphor
B. personification
C. repetition
OE
D. simile
3. What does the line “Equality, I will be free” mostly mean?
GM
A. The black people are treated alike and they are free.
B. The black women will be free from slavery and have equal rights.
C. To have equality, one must be free.
NU
D. To be equal in a society is to be free within it.
35
4. What is the rhyme scheme of the first stanza?
OE
A. ABAB
B. ABCB
GM
C. ABBA
D. ABCD
NU
5. In line 12, what does the poet compare herself to?
A. a bird
B. a drum
C. a glass
D. a shadow
OE
6. What does the metaphor “I fly from man to man” mostly mean?
A. The woman changes the partner quite often.
GM
B. The woman likes to fly like a bird.
C. The woman wants to be a bird.
NU
D. The woman loves the way the birds move.
7. In line 13, which of the following meanings does the poet want to convey through the use of
the metaphor “just a shadow”.
A. a very close or an inseparable companion
OE
B. a reflected image
C. darker portion of something
GM
D. a small degree or portion

8. Which of the quotations from the poem best describes the idea that African Americans will
never give up and go on fighting for their rights?
NU
A. ‘You declare you see me dimly,’

B. ‘And confess you’ve heard me crying,
And admit you’ve seen my tears.’
C. ‘Yes, my drums are beating nightly,
OE
And the rhythms never change.’

D. ‘You announce my ways are wanton,’
GM
9. Why does the poet use the metaphors “the blinders from your vision” and ‘the padding from
your ears”?
A. To point out vision and hearing are important
NU
B. To urge white people to try to understand the feelings of black women clearly and truly.
C. To admit that the white people see and hear black women crying
D. To keep blinders for their eyes and paddings for their ears
10. In what sense is the metaphor “the drum” used in the following lines?
OE
“My drums beat out the message”

“Yes, my drums are beating nightly,”
GM
A. The speaker speaks enthusiastically about a belief or idea

B. The speaker makes a sound like beating drums
NU
C. the speaker is beating the drums every night

D. the drums sound rhythmically.
36

G12 - TB English - Part (1) (20.2.2024)

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Grade 12 English Textbook

2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) and ROBOTICS: Help or Threat?

3. EQUAL ACCESS TO EDUCATION

2. Synonym and Antonym

3. Relative adverbs ‘where’, ‘when’ and ‘why’

1 Equality Maya Angelou (1928 – 2014)

Equal Listening Reading Expressing Writing an Compound Relative

Education children equal asking for essay ‘where’,

• Writing a descriptive essay

1. Bill Gates a. Amazon.com

2. Jeff Bezos b. Apple iPhone, Apple inc., NeXT inc.

4. Elon Musk d. Google

5. Oprah Winfrey e. Microsoft

8. Ted Turner h. Walmart and Sam’s club

Read the passage.

companies including Tesla, SpaceX, and Twitter. He was born in

He cofounded PayPal, an electronic payment, firm in 1999. In 2002,

satellite Internet access coverage to over 60 countries. This technology

former high school friend Stephen Wozniak designed it in his family

and Wozniak’s programmable calculator. The personal computer, the

A. It is a vast Internet-based enterprise that sells books, music, movies, housewares,

through learning and practice.

E. You might be amazed to know where and how he invented it.

B. Give a full-sentence answer to each question.

a. something that isn’t complicated to understand

c. to be more successful than one’s competitors

e. to think of creative or unconventional solutions, instead of common ones; to go beyond a

Did you use to play here as a child?

B. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

c. Are you used to have

d. Did you get used to

a. got used to play

d. was used to play

a. ’ll ever used to learn

c. ’ll ever get used to learning

b. couldn’t get use to

d. couldn’t get used to

1 D Listening and Speaking

3. Michele formerly worked as a graphic designer at her mother’s company.

7. It is very important for an entrepreneur to be willing to work hard.

(9) _________ have the

your motto, your future plan, etc.)

• Tell me about your business/ company.

• How did you come up with your business idea?

• What motivates you? And what is your motto?

• What are your future plans?

Facts Characteristics Opinion Past Situation Current Situation

• not only a cousin but also • creative

a friend for me • artistic

• want to be like her • willing to take risks

• love hearing about her

students and teachers • 25 years old

when she was young • a successful IT technician

• learned IT while attending • born in Shwe Bo

the university • not very attractive but

Listening and Speaking

• Talking about a robot friend

1. Find the differences: how are Picture A and Picture B different?

B. In pairs, discuss what the passage might be about.

Read the text.

a bot?) – no human warmth whatsoever.

A. Choose the topic that best describes the given text.