[root@oracle ~]# su oracle

[oracle@oracle ~]$ . oraenv

ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? orcl
The Oracle base has been set to /u01/app/oracle

# to view the environment variables set by the oraenv command

[oracle@oracle ~]$ set | grep ORACLE

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=orcl

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri May 28 05:31:14 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

# To start an Oracle instance if it is not started like in my example (Connected to

an idle instance message):

SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 327151856 bytes

Fixed Size 9134320 bytes
Variable Size 281018368 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 3444736 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

# To check version of Oracle Database

SQL> set markup csv on;
SQL> SELECT banner FROM v$version;

"BANNER"
"Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production"

# v$database:
SQL> set markup csv on;
SQL> select DBID, NAME, CREATED, OPEN_MODE, DB_UNIQUE_NAME, CDB, CON_ID from
v$database;

"DBID","NAME","CREATED","OPEN_MODE","DB_UNIQUE_NAME","CDB","CON_ID"
2500688251,"ORCLDB","17-FEB-21","READ WRITE","orcldb","YES",0

# v$containers
SQL> select CON_ID,DBID,NAME,OPEN_MODE,RESTRICTED,OPEN_TIME from v$containers;

"CON_ID","DBID","NAME","OPEN_MODE","RESTRICTED","OPEN_TIME"
1,2500688251,"CDB$ROOT","READ WRITE","NO","28-MAY-21 05.31.33.394 AM -04:00"
2,852553007,"PDB$SEED","READ ONLY","NO","28-MAY-21 05.31.33.398 AM -04:00"
3,3350100502,"PDB1","READ WRITE","NO","28-MAY-21 05.32.02.901 AM -04:00"

SQL>

#cdb_pdbs
SQL> SELECT pdb_name, status, creation_time FROM cdb_pdbs;

"PDB_NAME","STATUS","CREATION_TIME"
"PDB1","NORMAL","17-FEB-21"
"PDB$SEED","NORMAL","17-FEB-21"

SQL>

#CDB_DATA_FILES
SQL> SELECT file_name, tablespace_name FROM cdb_data_files;

"FILE_NAME","TABLESPACE_NAME"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/users01.dbf","USERS"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/undotbs01.dbf","UNDOTBS1"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/system01.dbf","SYSTEM"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/sysaux01.dbf","SYSAUX"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/
undotbs01.dbf","UNDOTBS1"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf","SYSAUX"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/system01.dbf","SYSTEM"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/users01.dbf","USERS"

8 rows selected.

SQL>

#cdb_temp_files;
SQL> SELECT file_name, tablespace_name FROM cdb_temp_files;

"FILE_NAME","TABLESPACE_NAME"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/temp01.dbf","TEMP"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/temp01.dbf","TEMP"

SQL>

#v$logfile
SQL> SELECT group#, member, con_id FROM v$logfile;

"GROUP#","MEMBER","CON_ID"
3,"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/redo03.log",0
2,"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/redo02.log",0
1,"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/redo01.log",0

#v$controlfile
SQL> SELECT name, con_id FROM v$controlfile;

"NAME","CON_ID"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/control01.ctl",0
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/myreco/ORCLDB/control02.ctl",0

#cdb_users
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT username FROM cdb_users;
"USERNAME"
"SYS"
"SYSTEM"
"XS$NULL"
"DBSNMP"
"HR"
...

38 rows selected.

SQL>

#v$instance
SQL> SELECT instance_name, status, con_id FROM v$instance;

"INSTANCE_NAME","STATUS","CON_ID"
"orcl","OPEN",0

#v$services
SQL> SELECT con_id, name FROM v$services ORDER BY 1;

"CON_ID","NAME"
1,"orclXDB"
1,"orcldb"
1,"SYS$BACKGROUND"
1,"SYS$USERS"
3,"pdb1"

SQL>

# connect to the root container as sys user with sysdba privilege

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 29 14:58:51 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

# Check container name you are connected to is CDB$ROOT

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

# list all pdbs. In our case there is only one PDB - PDB1, and now it is in MOUNTED
mode

SQL> show pdbs;

 CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 MOUNTED

# lets open PDB1 in RW mode:

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB1 OPEN;

Pluggable database altered.

# list all pdbs and verify that PDB1 has RW mode now:

SQL> show pdbs;

CON_ID CON_NAME OPEN MODE RESTRICTED

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
2 PDB$SEED READ ONLY NO
3 PDB1 READ WRITE NO

# switch to PDB1. After this point your queries against the data dictionary will
retrieve information for PDB1
# only

SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> show con_name;

CON_NAME
------------------------------
PDB1
SQL>

[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 29-MAY-2021 15:45:55

Copyright (c) 1991, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production

System parameter file is
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date 29-MAY-2021 15:45:56
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracle/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracle)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus sys/[email protected]:1521/pdb1 as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 29 17:19:39 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>

#How to query the data dictionary to view information about data files, temp files,
and users in a PDB
SQL> show con_name;

"CON_NAME"
"PDB1"

SQL> set markup csv on;

SQL> SELECT file_name, tablespace_name FROM dba_data_files;

"FILE_NAME","TABLESPACE_NAME"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/
undotbs01.dbf","UNDOTBS1"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf","SYSAUX"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/system01.dbf","SYSTEM"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/users01.dbf","USERS"

SQL> SELECT file_name, tablespace_name FROM dba_temp_files;

"FILE_NAME","TABLESPACE_NAME"
"/u01/app/oracle/product/19.0.0/db_1/mydbfiles/ORCLDB/pdb1/temp01.dbf","TEMP"

SQL> SELECT username, account_status from dba_users WHERE common='NO';

"USERNAME","ACCOUNT_STATUS"
"PDBADMIN","OPEN"
"HR","LOCKED"

SQL>

SQL> ALTER USER HR ACCOUNT UNLOCK;

User altered.
SQL> ALTER USER HR IDENTIFIED by "hr";

User altered.

SQL> SELECT username, account_status from dba_users WHERE common='NO';

"USERNAME","ACCOUNT_STATUS"
"PDBADMIN","OPEN"
"HR","OPEN"

#How to write and run shell scripts?

# Create directory if it doesn’t exist:

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ mkdir /home/oracle/scripts

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ cd /home/oracle/scripts

# Create a file and open it in you favorite editor:

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ vi update_emp.sh

# Put the following content inside the file:

# Count employees and give raises.

sqlplus hr/[email protected]:1521/pdb1 << EOF
select count(*) from employees;
update employees set salary = salary *2;
commit;
quit
EOF

# Grant execution permission to the file:

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ chmod u+x update_emp.sh

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ ls -lha update_emp.sh
-rwxr--r--. 1 oracle oinstall 168 May 17 20:54 update_emp.sh

# run the script and check out the output of sql commands.

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ ./update_emp.sh

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 29 20:26:01 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Sat May 29 2021 20:25:37 -04:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>
COUNT(*)
----------
107
SQL>
107 rows updated.

SQL>
Commit complete.

SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 -
Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
[oracle@oracle scripts]$

#How to write and run SQL scripts?

# Create a file and open in you favorite editor:

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ vi sql_script.sql

# Put the following content inside the file:

select * from departments where location_id=1400;

# Connect to PDB1 as HR user

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ sqlplus hr/[email protected]:1521/pdb1

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 29 21:06:26 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Sat May 29 2021 20:26:01 -04:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

# Run sql script by specifying script name with @ sign at the beginning:

SQL> @sql_script.sql

DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID

------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------
60 IT 103
1400

[oracle@oracle scripts]$ sqlplus hr/[email protected]:1521/pdb1 @sql_script.sql

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sat May 29 21:17:14 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Sat May 29 2021 21:06:26 -04:00

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID
------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------
60 IT 103
1400

SQL>

#How to connect to CDB/PDB with SQLcl ?

# connect to CDB as sysdba example:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sql sys/[email protected]:1521/orcldb as sysdba

SQLcl: Release 19.1 Production on Fri Jun 04 10:52:25 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>

# connect to PDB as HR user example:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sql hr/[email protected]:1521/pdb1

SQLcl: Release 19.1 Production on Fri Jun 04 10:51:36 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>

# connect to PDB as sysdba example:

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sql sys/[email protected]:1521/pdb1 as sysdba

SQLcl: Release 19.1 Production on Fri Jun 04 10:52:01 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL>

SQL> help set sqlformat

SET SQLFORMAT
SET SQLFORMAT { csv,html,xml,json,ansiconsole,insert,loader,fixed,default}
SQL> select * from departments where rownum < 5;

DEPARTMENT_ID DEPARTMENT_NAME MANAGER_ID LOCATION_ID

------------- ------------------------------ ---------- -----------
10 Administration 200 1700
20 Marketing 201 1800
30 Purchasing 114 1700
40 Human Resources 203 2400

SQL> set sqlformat json;

SQL> select * from departments where rownum < 5;

{"results":[{"columns":[{"name":"DEPARTMENT_ID","type":"NUMBER"},
{"name":"DEPARTMENT_NAME","type":"VARCHAR2"},{"name":"MANAGER_ID","type":"NUMBER"},
{"name":"LOCATION_ID","type":"NUMBER"}],"items":
[
{"department_id":10,"department_name":"Administration","manager_id":200,"location_i
d":1700}
,
{"department_id":20,"department_name":"Marketing","manager_id":201,"location_id":18
00}
,
{"department_id":30,"department_name":"Purchasing","manager_id":114,"location_id":1
700}
,{"department_id":40,"department_name":"Human
Resources","manager_id":203,"location_id":2400}
]}]}
SQL>

SQL> info departments;

TABLE: DEPARTMENTS
LAST ANALYZED:2021-04-05 19:20:41.0
ROWS :27
SAMPLE SIZE :27
INMEMORY :DISABLED
COMMENTS :Departments table that shows details of departments where
employees
work. Contains 27 rows; references with locations,
employees, and job_history tables.

Columns
NAME DATA TYPE NULL DEFAULT COMMENTS
*DEPARTMENT_ID NUMBER(4,0) No Primary key column of
departments table.
DEPARTMENT_NAME VARCHAR2(30 BYTE) No A not null column that shows
name of a department.
Administration,Marketing,
Purchasing, Human
Resources, Shipping, IT,
Executive,
PublicRelations, Sales,
Finance, and Accounting.
MANAGER_ID NUMBER(6,0) Yes Manager_id of a department.
Foreign key to
employee_id column of
employees table. The
 manager_id column of the
employee table references
this column.
LOCATION_ID NUMBER(4,0) Yes Location id where a
department is located. Foreign
key to location_id column of
locations table.

Indexes
INDEX_NAME UNIQUENESS STATUS FUNCIDX_STATUS COLUMNS
HR.DEPT_ID_PK UNIQUE VALID DEPARTMENT_ID
HR.DEPT_LOCATION_IX NONUNIQUE VALID LOCATION_ID

References
TABLE_NAME CONSTRAINT_NAME DELETE_RULE STATUS DEFERRABLE VALIDATED
GENERATED
EMPLOYEES EMP_DEPT_FK NO ACTION ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE VALIDATED
USER NAME
JOB_HISTORY JHIST_DEPT_FK NO ACTION ENABLED NOT DEFERRABLE VALIDATED
USER NAME

SQL>

How to connect to OEM (CDB)?

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jun 4 11:30:32 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0

SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpsport() from dual;

DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.GETHTTPSPORT()
------------------------------
5500

How to connect to OEM (PDB)?

[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jun 4 11:48:38 2021

Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;

Session altered.

SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpsport() from dual;

DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.GETHTTPSPORT()
------------------------------
0

SQL> exec DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETHTTPSPORT(5503);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select dbms_xdb_config.gethttpsport() from dual;

DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.GETHTTPSPORT()
------------------------------
5503

SQL>