Health 8 - 4th Quarter Lessons
Health 8 - 4th Quarter Lessons
Morbidity refers to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a
population.
* reference year
** External causes of Mortality
Eating habits – A high consumption of meat can be linked to a high rate of heart disease.
Secondary Prevention
Doctor checks for suspicious skin growths
Public education
Screening programs for hypertension, diabetes, and STDs
Undergoing pap smear for uterine cancer, and mammography for breast cancer
Tertiary Prevention
Slow down the disease
To avoid implication
Make the disease people become healthy again
Health supervision
Influenza (Flu)
A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza
viruses
Can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to
death
Prevent the spread of germs
Aspirin – a drug that is contraindicated when managing the symptoms of a child who has the flu
Reye Syndrome – It is an extremely serious pathological condition associated with swelling of liver and
brain
Get vaccinated
Take everyday precautions
Undergo preventive antiviral medication
Cover your mouth and nose with hanky/tissue when you cough/sneeze
Wash hands regularly
Have yourself vaccinated
Wash hands regularly
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack
the lungs, but TB bacteria can attack any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain.
Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite. The parasite is spread to humans through the bites of infected
mosquitoes. People who have malaria usually feel very sick with a high fever and shaking chills. While the
disease is uncommon in temperate climates, malaria is still common in tropical and subtropical countries.
Dengue is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes. The primary
vectors that transmit the disease are Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and, to a lesser extent, Ae. albopictus.
The virus responsible for causing dengue, is called dengue virus (DENV)
STD/STI
Sexually Transmitted Disease/Sexually Transmitted Infection
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also called sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are infections that
spread from person to person through sexual activity, including anal, vaginal, or oral sex. STDs are caused
by bacteria, parasites, and viruses.
TYPES OF STI/STDS
Bacterial Viral Parasitic
Chlamydia Genital herpes/ Herpes Simplex Trichomoniasis
Gonorrhea Type II (HSV-2)
Syphilis HIV/AIDS
Genital warts/Venereal warts
Bacterial
Chlamydia
1-2 weeks after contact with an infected person
Symptoms: resemble gonorrhea
Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (women) and
sterility (men and women)
Gonorrhea
Comes from the Greek words Gonos (seed) and
rhoia (flow)
Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to
intimate body contact
Treated by penicillin injections and antibiotics
Syphilis
Caused by bacterium Treponema
pallidum
More serious than gonorrhea
Dies a few seconds outside the human body and thus
transmitted by direct sexual contact
Viral
Genital Herpes/Herpes Simplex Type II (HSV-2)
can cause painful blisters or ulcers
at the site of infection, ranging
from mild to severe
Infection is lifelong, and symptoms
can recur over many years
Trichomoniasis
Caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
Symptoms: itching in the genital area, bad smelling thin vaginal
HIV is the beginning stage of a disease that can progress into AIDS.
HIV is transmitted through bodily fluids, including blood, breastmilk, seminal, vaginal, or rectal
fluids.
It is commonly transmitted through unprotected sex, shared needles, during the birthing process,
or through breastfeeding.
HIV compromises the host’s immune system by attacking healthy cells to reproduce the virus within
the body If it is caught early enough, the person’s HIV viral load (number of viral cells within the blood)
can be controlled through HIV treatment options However, if it is not monitored or managed through
medication, the person’s immune system can eventually become permanently damaged This leads to
HIV’s progression into AIDS
PREVENTION IS BEST
Sexual abstinence (never having vaginal, anal, or oral sex) is the only way to eliminate any chance
of getting an STD
Be faithful or have a monogamous relationship
Do not share needles/sterilized needles
Educate and inform people