Hassett Et Al. (Monkey Toy Preferences) Notes
Hassett Et Al. (Monkey Toy Preferences) Notes
(moy
peres)
AS PSYCHOLOGY 9990
SAT
1. Is there a difference between the toys that young boys and
young girls play with?
2. Do boys play with ‘boy’ toys and girls play with ‘girl’ toys
because of gender socialisation?
3. What would be considered ‘boy’ toys and ‘girl’ toys and why?
Nat s Nur De - Acit
Learners Should create 2 columns and generate
ideas of factors falling under each and share.
Pshoy ig Ieste
● Socialisation
● Gender Stereotype
● Play
Vid
www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWu44AqF0iI
INSTRUCTIONS
Reconsider the ethics of the study just seen in light of their new
understanding of the ethics relating to the use of animals in
psychological research. (F)
Nature Nurture Debate Outline
www.simplypsychology.org/naturevsnurture.html]
Kah
Ethics relating to the use of animals in research
https://create.kahoot.it/share/the-ethics-of-the-use-of-animals-in-re
search/16a18d9f-7284-4179-a0bc-a135a9926ed9
Aim h ud
The aim of the study was to investigate whether toy
preferences in monkey resemble those in children, in
order to test whether sex differences in toy choice is
biologically determined by sex.
Met - Rseh Mod & Dn
Field Experiment - as the environment which the participant was tested
normal,outdoor housing area and they were free to interact with the toys
or not.The toys were new to them & the objects were placed in
enclosures
Data from the monkeys was compared to similar data relating to the
children obtained from the different study - this was an independent
measures comparison.
Sam
Sam
The participants were 21 male & 61 female rhesus monkeys living in natal
birth groups as a part of wider group of 135 animals at the yerkes primate
research station in the USA.
Of these 135 animals, 14 adults were not studied as they received hormone
treatments and 39 young infants were excluded as they could not be
reliably identified.
Each natal group was housed in a 25 *25 metre outdoor area with access to
a temperature controlled indoor environment.They had water available, they
were given a standard monkey feed twice a day and additional fruits &
vegetables once daily.
Isu & Dba - SAL
The use of animals in psychological research : Rhesus monkeys are
highly intelligent,Social species - So their needs in terms of housing
and protection from pain & distress are great.
The category of wheeled toys matched vehicle toys,typically for boys and
plush toys matched typical girls toys.Plush Toys - soft & cuddly ones.
Each trial began with all the monkeys in the group indoors while
1 plush toy and 1 wheeled toy were placed 10 meters apart in the
outdoor enclosure
One video recorder was directed towards each toy and the plush.
Wheeled toys were counterbalanced between left and right
locations on each trial
Prore - Cnuto
After each trial the toys were removed and the videotape was
analysed by two observers working together to achieve a consensus.
They identified each animal interacting with a toy and coded specific
activities directed towards the toys using a behavioural checklist -Pg
78
The exact time at which each activity occurred was also recorded so,
in addition to the frequency each behaviour, a record of duration of
continuous activities was kept.
Not all individuals interacted with the toys and those with fewer than
5 total recorded behaviours were not used in the analysis (14 males
& 3 females). The final number of individuals used in the analysis
was 11 males & 23 females.
Ress
Comparisons were made between males & females and
between each gender’s preference for wheeled or plush toys.
A Comparison between the sexes, again using frequency data, also found
that females interacted with plush toys more than males,but there was
no sex difference for wheeled toys.
Stata Ans
Comparisons using Duration Data - Males interacted for
longer time in total with wheeled toys than with plush toys.
For Males
This was calculated by taking the difference TOTAL FREQUENCY OF
WHEELED TOY INTERACTION - TOTAL FREQUENCY OF PLUSH TOY
INTERACTION.
Stata Ans
For Females
This was calculated based on TOTAL FREQUENCY OF PLUSH TOY
INTERACTION - TOTAL FREQUENCY OF WHEELED TOY
INTERACTION was used.
Using just the data for males, neither frequencies nor durations
correlated with ranks.
Stata Ans
For females - Rank was positively correlated with the frequency of
interactions for the wheeled toy and for the plush toy.
Rank was only correlated with duration for the plush toy, not the
wheeled toy - This shows that rank may be related to toy
interactions in females but not in males.
As the sample size was too small for a detailed analysis of the results
by age, comparisons were possible between wider groups.
The data for children was taken from another study (Berenbaum
and Hines,1992). - Both the rhesus monkeys and the human
children showed gender differences , with males preferring
masculine toys and females preferring feminine toys.
Confounding Variables
Standardisation
Sample
Data Collection
Data Analysis & Data Differences
Nature vs Nurture
Etil Ies