WATER TECHNOLOGY Part III
WATER TECHNOLOGY Part III
WATER TECHNOLOGY Part III
Water Technology
PART III
Boiler
Trouble
1
Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
1) Explain scale and sludge. How these can be removed from boiler?
ANS:-
Scale
Scales are hard substances which sticks very firmly to the inner surfaces
of the boiler wall. Scales are difficult to remove even with the help of a
hammer and chisel.Examples: CaSO4, CaCO3, Mg (OH)2 etc.
Removal of scale
2.By thermal shock- heating and cooling suddenly with cold water.
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
(1) Decomposition of Calcium Bicarbonate
(Scale)
(Soluble)
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
firmly on the inner side of the boiler surface and are very difficult to
remove. One important source of silica in water is the sand filter.
Sludge
Sludge is a soft, loose and slimy precipitate formed within the boiler. It can
be easily scrapped off with a wire brush.
Removal of sludge
ANS: -
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
2.External conditioning or External treatment
The choice of salt (sodium phosphate) depends upon the alkalinity of the
boiler-feed water.
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
2)Disodium hydrogen phosphate, Na2HPO4 (weakly alkaline) is more
preferred when the alkalinity of boiler water is sufficient.
Hence deposition of CaSO4 as a scale does not take place and loose
sludge of CaCO3, can be removed by blow-down operation.
(1) If the scales are loosely adhering, it can be removed with the help of
scraper or piece of wood or wire brush.
(2) If the scales are brittle, it can be removed by giving thermal shocks
(i,e. heating the boiler and then suddenly cooling with cold water).
(3) If the scales are loosely adhering, they can be removed by frequent
'blow-down operation.
(4) If scales are adherent and hard, they can be removed by dissolving
them in chemicals e.g. CaCO3 scales can be dissolved by using 5-10%
HCl. CaSO4 scales can be removed by adding EDTA, since Ca-EDTA
complex is highly soluble in water.
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
Disadvantages of scale formation
1) Wastage of Fuel-
3) Decrease in Efficiency –
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
4) Danger of Explosion –
ANS: -
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
Sludge Scale
ANS: -
Priming
When steam is produced rapidly in the boilers, some droplets of the liquid
water are carried along with the steam. This process of 'wet-steam'
formation, is called priming.
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
Causes of Priming
3) Sudden boiling.
Prevention of Priming
Disadvantages of Priming
(1) Dissolved salt in boiler water are carried out by the wet steam to
turbine blades - which reduces their efficiency.
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
(2) Dissolved salts may enter the parts of other machinery may
decrease the life of the machinery.
(3) Actual height of the water column cannot be judge properly, thereby
making the maintenance of the boiler pressure becomes difficult.
Foaming
Causes of Foaming
Prevention of foaming
(1) By the addition of anti-foaming chemicals like castor oil, Gallic acid,
tannic acid etc.
(2) removing oil from boiler water by adding compounds like sodium
aluminate.
Disadvantages of foaming
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
(1) Actual height of the water column cannot be judge.
(2) Dissolved salts in water carried by the wet steam may damage
turbine blades or machinery parts.
ANS:-
CAUSTIC EMBRITTLEMENT
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
➢ Cracking of boiler can be explained as Iron in dilute NaOH cathodic
side. Iron in concentrated NaOH anodic side ..(which get dissolved
or corroded)
➢ Adding lignin to boiler water, since these blocks the hair cracks,
thereby preventing infiltration of caustic soda solution.
Boiler Corrosion
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
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Prof. P. G. Rajas
Unit I
Water Technology
(Sodium Sulfide)
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Prof. P. G. Rajas