Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FS Chapter 1 Lesson 1
FS Chapter 1 Lesson 1
Content Knowledge
and Pedagogy
LESSON 1 Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Its Application across
the Curriculum
Observation
A. Write down the information asked and answer the succeeding questions based
on your class observation.
Name of Teacher: AMIE RETALIA CEZAR
1. Are the teacher's background and qualifications aligned with the subject's he or
she is assigned to teach?
The teacher's background and qualifications are made sure by the institution or
even by the government, before they were hired, to have such qualifications and
eligibility to impart students what they must achieve in learning. Teacher Amie
Cezar, fortunately, has been assigned to what she majored in that made her has
that mastery in her lesson. Although teachers are expected to be flexible and
versatile, still, there that special skill anyone can share especially in a work they
specialized to. Hence, that is what teacher Amie extra skillful in her teaching.
Teacher Amie uses K-12 curriculum to guide her into planning lessons and making
activities or assessments. According to her, i t serves as her manual, guide, and can
also be, timeline to follow in the right order especially in the lesson into hitting
3. Does he or she consider the learner's prior knowledge in designing a lesson plan?
Ma’am Amie consider the learner’s prior knowledge in designing lesson plan as
taught since education has become student-centered. That’s why for her, she
4. Does he or she use varied teaching strategies to deliver the subject matter?
Delivering and hitting different learning entails varied strategies to apply so that
students could experience and may choose what’s appropriate to their ability to
receive learning. Definitely, as observed, teacher Amie apply and deliver her
subject well in any way applicable; may it be using stories, activities, proper and
Teachers Amie does research when planning lessons. It helps them get the
latest and best information to share with students. Even in simplest browsing
B. Check ( ) the box that corresponds to your class observation. Write your
remarks in the rightmost column.
Not
Indicators Observed Observed Remarks
The teacher
Processing
A. Based on what you have observed in class, explain the importance of the different
kinds of knowledge.
1. Content knowledge
retained in their brain. The reliability of the information from the content being
shared by the teacher has an impact from the level of validity for the student’s
learning.
2. Pedagogical knowledge
effective pedagogical knowledge or the method, the classroom guide the teacher
uses helps students stay focused than distracted especially when the teacher
knows how to handle their everyone well according to their needs to learn.
3. Curricular knowledge
Curricular knowledge is measured how the teacher knows and has mastery over
the curriculum given. The set of standard from the curriculum is met when it is
effective towards students even in the results from their assessments that is as
B. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to enrich his or her
A mastery of the subject is reflected when the teacher uses teaching strategies
that students participates and engages in. Every teacher has different teaching
styles to meet student’s need for learning that is why I think the best strategy to
whether it would be applying traditional skills along with modern tools in teaching.
C. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to enrich his or her
pedagogical knowledge?
The teacher that uses different teaching styles, enriches his/her pedagogical
harmonious way. One thing I have observed is that before really getting into the
lesson, the teacher made the students settle in comfort, the room is clean, seat
plan is good, and other that helps teachers which lacks and what needs to be
improved while ding all this strategies especially in the coming days how
D. What do you think were the strategies used by the teacher to augment his or her
curricular knowledge?
There are lots of methods teachers may use in order to augment their curricular
knowledge. Starting of with, reviewing the curriculum they use may help them fill
the gap of what needs to be improved and of course, so they could master the
said curriculum once used in class. Additionally, they may attend various seminar
their teacher skills. Some teacher as well continued studying or have their
doctorate or masters taken. This helps them have new and fresh knowledge.
Reflection
1. I realized that
teaching is a skill that not everyone can easily do. There are lots of factors to be
considered in order to achieve learning that lasts among students skills and
knowledge. Definitely, our educational system as well needs various of ways and
styles to enrich so that no matter how difficult students are nowadays to teach,
they would still be taught well for their own good in their future and the future
2. I believe that
there are still a lot of improvement that could be discovered in the process of
imparting learning to students. There can be new ways especially that learners
changes rapidly. They may have new insights and ways of having able to learn.
Thus, not limiting the teaching the curriculum helps everyone in achieving
3. I feel that
Students nowadays are quiet unmotivated. Only few has that hunger to learn and
sadly, its quiet alarming that teachers did their best abilities and strengths to
incorporate various styles and strategies but only few of the students get
themselves involved and actually, learn. That’s why I feel that there are still a lot
of discoveries our education may apply especially in this situation in order for
try my best to engage my students so they will be led and be guided to the best
want to inspire them to become a better individuals in these cruel and/or unfair
competing world by just being kind to themselves and morally good for others
even in simplest gesture they can show and share. I believe teachers has that
power to inspire and motivate students into becoming a good person and citizen
Observation
1. Does the school promote research culture among the teachers? How?
towards the teachers at the same time students. Maragusan National High
School, indeed, has their educators be in research concepts in order to help them
that may contribute to improvising teaching guide and/ methods and to the school
as well as a whole.
Teachers, in achieving this, undertake different ways, even trials and errors, to
enrich knowledge into managing their students and improve their content and it is
by the help of research that they were guided and corrected about what to
3. Are the teachers aware of the standards, principles, and pedagogical approaches
behind K-12 curriculum since the education in the Philippines made sure that
teachers were trained before even changing and/or improvising our curriculum.
Having our educators undergo various training and seminars orients them to what
changes to teaching styles must be their guide in handing and imparting learning
to their students .
validity of content they are about to teacher as they don’t just rely on one
settle for the bare minimum of their skills. Though there are some, however,
mostly they do their best to self-learn what lessons their in so they would have the
valid and reliable information they could give to students as their students could
also reflect their teachers. Whatever teachers do, it reflects how the students
principles? How?
yes teachers are using varied teaching approaches based on K-12 curriculum
principles. This is what they are inclined to do and trained now that the curriculum
evolves for the betterment of the whole education system. They made sure 21 st
Century learners are becoming practical and having real world skills that is why in
their grade system, performance tasks has the most weighted percentage. Honing
students skills in real life helps and guides them to their core of what should
B. Check ( ) the box that corresponds to your class observation. You may write
knowledge.
learn.
learning.
obejctives.
The teacher incorporate diverse and various strategies in teaching. Significantly, she
collaborate with her co-teachers in instructional strategies. Also, havong the internet
abundant these day, she brows the internet and finds relevant and valid information
for the crafting of lesson and assessments in her lesson. She uses research-based
instructional strategies, differentiated instruction, and actual engagement in order to
accommodate diverse learning styles and adjust teaching methods to students
needs and lacks.
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. How do research-based instructional strategies enrich the pedagogical content
knowledge of teachers?
strategies they may use and could provide for their students learning considering
the difficulty to entertain and relate to them in teaching new ideas and lessons.
improvised the methods and pedagogy in handling the classroom and the
students.
provide results. These result may help what should be changed for students to
learn. Though it may confuse and challenge teacher to alter many different
Improving teacher skill’s in research impacts their lessons to impart towards their
learners. Helping teachers improve has a lot to do with the government and the
institution. Making them be involved and join training and seminar effectively
help them to improve and collaborate with actual ways to improve research
skills.
Reflection
to adapt and enhance their methods, strategies, pedagogy, and skills based on
the data or evidence gathered in research. This would improve the whole
learning process and the whole learning facility for the betterment of the school,
2. I believe that
learning experiences through the results taken in research. This would improvise
3. I feel that
to improve their research skills, teachers need active involvement in training and
seminars. This help them achieve that collaboration with institutions and the
government. Opportunities may arise into having and becoming educators that
training programs and seminars. I believe this will enhance my research skills.
Recognizing the impact of evidence-based strategies, I will do my best to have
the latest and updated strategy to use to stay informed about the latest findings
Observation
A. Familiarize yourself with ICT facilities and tools for teaching and learning. Check
if the following items are available. Provide a description for each in the rightmost
column.
Room laboratories
TV is available
every table
chosen area
Others:
technologies. They have policies and standards even in their properties so it may
not be abused but used. Even in their classrooms, they have TV’s that students
or teachers may use during classes, they as much as possible, take good care of
2. Are the teachers aware of the school's ICT policies and standards?
The teacher and even students are made aware of the school’s ICT and policies
There cab be accountability to face especially to those that abuse and destroys
properties.
21st century era where technology arise. Teachers are made sure that they are
flexible and learning to such changes and so the school provide seminars and
teach teachers to simple way to navigate the use of technology. Their knowledge
4. Does the school provide the necessary ICT tools and digital technologies to aid
teaching and learning activities?
Yes the school provide learning technologies and tools to make learning
interactive, easy, quick, simple and fun. They even have televisions each
5. Are the students provided with equal opportunity to use the computers and other
digital technologies?
Yes the students are provided with e qual opportunity to use the computers and
school I am now observing in, we can use our computers in our projects
especially when we don’t have one in school. This school has offered students
and teachers opportunity to learn and fair enough to explore learning in quiet
century. They are taught as well and trained to this new technologies for their
easier and simpler way of teaching. Especially in school, providing that the
school already have these properties, they were taught how to operate them so
Technologies made learning easier, simpler and fun however everyone must
know how to properly make use of it. It may promote learning at the same time it
creates chaos when not used with proper wisdom and intent.
C. Check ( ) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class. Write
affect teaching-learning
learning environment
Demonstrates an understanding of
learning
enhance teaching-learning
Skills.
Domain 3: Pedagogy
classroom activities
collaborative activities
environments
communities of learners
and learning
Manages technology-assisted
communities of practice
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. What are the problems or challenges in integrating ICT in teaching and learning?
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2. What are the challenges encountered by students in using ICT tools and other
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improvement? Why?
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4. How will you promote the positive use of ICT to your students?
I will encourage students to use ICT in way more learning to them through having
to use reliable resources. I will teach them of the ethical and unethical way of
using ICT and even internet to help them avoid what could
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Reflection
1. I realized that
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2. I believe that
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3. I feel that
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Lesson 4 Strategies for Promoting Literacy and Numeracy
Observation
A. For each given domain, write down the literacy strategies used by the
Observation Strategies
2. Phonological Awareness
3. Book and Print Knowledge I have observed one time the teacher provide
6. Fluency
Structure
10. Vocabulary Development I once observe a class where the teacher lets
known.
through th
B. Write down the numeracy strategies used by the cooperating teacher during your
Subjects Strategies
1. Language (English/Filipino/mother
tongue)
2. Mathematics
3. Science
4. History/Araling Panlipunan/Social
Studies
6. Computer/ICT
9. Others:
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
Literacy or being literate affect one’s life in a way that can achieve
can communicate but not everyone can fully understand what’s being said or
passed through. This comes to play the role of being literate in life, it
improves and enhances what must be accomplished even just by
Numeracy
in____________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
__
performance?
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4. In the absence of digital technologies and printed materials, what do you think
are the strategies you can use to promote literacy and numeracy?
learning process quite make learning quick and creative, more specially
strategic. This is the best way nowadays to compete against the ever
competing busy world. Hence, using these strategies enhance literacy and
numeracy in a way that there are easiest way to expand, elaborate, realize,
visualize, and even bring into reality what are difficult to learn by just using
one strategy alone. Versatility makes learning more creative, effective, and
Reflection
1. I realized that
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2. I believe that
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3. I feel that
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LESSON 5 Strategies for Developing Critical and Creative Thinking as well
as Higher-Order Thinking Skills
Observation
A. Ask the cooperating teacher to show his or her lesson plan to you. Review the
1. Creating
2. Evaluating
3. Analyzing
B. Indicate whether the following HOTS strategies are applied during your class
observation by checking the appropriate box. Write your remarks in the last
column.
proper questioning is
into conceptualizing
discussions.
understanding.
lessons.
objectives that foster HOTS made sure not only it hits the
answerable through
abilities to do better.
Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. In what part of the instructional plan can teachers apply HOTS?
Teachers can apply Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in their discussions and
even in activities. This is where educators are challenge to craft and design
tasks, questions, and projects that would require students to engage and make
equipped.
Having and applying Higher Order Thinking Skills into various activities make
students apply their knowledge in areas where they could forter ability to solve
problems. This would give them opportunity to develop cognitive abilities and to
critically think.
3. How important is creative and critical thinking in the 21st century workplace?
In 21st century workplace, critical and creative thinking impacts many different
like problem-solving, and logical thinking is applied to any situation workplace are
matter what pressure they may be in. This would bring strengths to the company.
4. What are the things that teachers need to improve on to enrich the students'
HOTS?
Teachers can enrich students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) by doing
more inquiries and proper way of questioning that allows them to be more open
minded and critical. There are many options to asks that challenge their
understanding. This thinking ability equips and hones them especially when face
Reflection
1. I realized that
integrating Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) into the activities for the students
is crucial especially when there is a need to plan out lessons that would cultivate
only challenging towards the teachers into crafting assessments that are
objectively hitting HOTS but also towards students that solves and answers the
activities. However, it fosters deeper understanding and quite hones and equip
2. I believe that
Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) play a pivotal and important role in
problems and become logical but also trains their minds to become more holistic
and have that cognitive development needed for their effective skill set in life,
3. I feel that
in the 21st-century, learner must have these set of skills to think and be creative.
many aspect in life or in the future, may it be in the workplace they will be in. It’s
Acknowledge and apply different way and strategy to hone and equip my
students. I will make sure making assessment that would relate, hone, equip and
and activities that would challenge their Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) . I
will create an environment that nurtures these skills, preparing students for the
Observation
school.
Cebuano/Bisaya Cebuano/Bisaya
English English
Students
Filipino Filipino
Mansaka
Mandaya
Cebuano/Bisaya Cebuano/Bisaya
English English
Teachers
Filipino Filipino
Mansaka
Mandaya
teacher's guide and learning materials for mother tongue, Filipino, and English?
teacher's guides and learning materials for mother tongue, Filipino, and English.
These resources are provided for them by the Department of Education (DepEd)
guide them into facilitating learning having to follow the set timeline each lesson.
languages in the region may it be the official and non official language in
teaching.
2. Are the teacher's guide and learning materials translated in mother tongue?
In high school, learning materials are mostly in language English and Filipino. In
3. Are there sufficient references for the teaching of mother tongue, Filipino, and
English?
On the internet, if the teachers are quite resourceful enough, there are actually
abundant references to teach mother, Filipino, and English. The are abundant
references for teaching mother tongue as well as the Department of Education
already prepared for this. Educational materials are made possible to become
implemented project. On the other hand, Filipino, and English remain as it is just
like before but it is improved for and effective and adequate use ot learning
materials.
instruction?
Teachers are trained to learn and adjust to such changes in the curriculum.
language in class.
quite of challenge for the teachers but it is easier towards students to learn other
Learner are given learning resources for them to study. These learning materials
are typically made and provided for them. They have separate ones than their
teachers because the students are made simpler and easier to understand.
classes. Identify the strategies used to motivate or arouse the interest of learners
Remarks column.
language.
knowledge.
and crafts.
Recognition
6. Fluency
7. Spelling
9. Grammar Awareness
and Structure
10. Vocabulary
Development
allow listening
comprehension be
enhanced.
Processing
A. Based on what you have observed in class, identify the benefits of using mother
1. Mother tongue
Using mother tongue in class helps students to become articulate enough of their
ideas and thoughts especially if that is what they use in for daily interaction.
These have help their communication skills open, clear, precise, not limited.
However, it limits their ability to learn other languages if this is the only MOI’s
used in learning.
2. Filipino
language as their identity. But purely using it limits and hinders other languages
That is why using Filipino is quiet difficult for learning unless using and
3. English
abundantly and yes it fosters and help students to be prepared for more
incorporating English with local and official languages enhance and help them in
linguistic skills and it balances the preservation of cultural identity through the
use of mother tongue and Filipino and also global competitiveness with the
B. Based on what you have observed in class, identify the strategies to improve the
teacher's ability to help students understand mother tongue, Filipino, and English.
implementing interactive activities that use and apply these languages. Just like
one time in my class observation, the teacher ask students to translate following
phrases about their lesson into mother tongue or in English. They were given
freedom to choose. That activity not only made them learn of the lesson but as
C. Explain how mother tongue can enrich cultural awareness of both teachers and
students.
Deep connection to one’s cultural roots can be just by using one’s own language.
develop a strong identity and connection upon learning. This enriches not only
1. I realized that
the use of mother tongue, Filipino, and English as modes of instruction applies a
2. I believe that
balanced use of languages in the classroom . Students could apply and use these
skills in real world use that would significantly contribute to effectively use and
3. I feel that
teachers in preserving the cultural language at the same time, achieving the
to engage students in their studies especially in the use of language. Having the
an interactive language activities. I think it would help and achieve that balance
the instruction, and materials used. This would promote learning at the same
Observation
A. Identify the verbal and nonverbal forms of communication used by teachers and
learning. It enriches an
Discussions Visual Aids
environment where there
Reporting Charts
is interaction.
Pictures
B. Check ( ) the box that corresponds to what you have observed in class. Write
authoritative tone.
or hurt students.
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Processing
Read carefully and answer the following questions based on what you have
observed in class.
1. How important are the verbal and non-verbal forms of communication to the
teachers?
Verbal and non-verbal forms of communication is what makes the whole class
known for its discipline. In verbal, the teacher could directly speak with authority
to handle students especially when faced with situations. For examples, the
students are needing assistance that needs intent guidance from the teacher. On
the other hand, non-verbal, if the class needs policies and principles written out
is well spoken and has skills of communicating effectively then the students could
easily follow. However, if not, having back up style to teaching like using visual
aids or anything that can be visually realized, students can also be helped and be
more guided.
3. What forms of communication do the teachers and the students need to improve
on?
Teachers and students should help each other out especially in achieving
effective learning styles and tools to use. Enhancing clear and precise verbal
in reality. These areas would allow teaching to be extra and multifaceted not just
Reflection
1. I realized that
I realized that effective communication applying verbal and non-verbal way of
communicating, helps and adds discipline in the school as a whole into creating a
conducive learning for all whether towards the students, teachers, and even in
the institution. These strategies made learning not just fun and easy but aslo,
2. I believe that
3. I feel that
I feel that collaboration is a must in school whether in the form of verbal or non-
verbal cues because it enhances the pedagogy as a whole. Using and applying
clarity in verbal expression, written guides and principles, rules, using and
way of conveying and speaking with boldness and validity towards my students.
It would give them correct and precise information and not just that, I could
empower and help maintain classroom discipline. Also, as much as possible,
during and before class, I will incorporate many teaching tools, can be visual aids
students learning that enhances and enriches healthy and productive educational
environment
Rubric for Reflection/Journal Entries
Performance 5 4 3 2 1
1 – Needs Improvement (75-79) The pre-service teacher is introduced to the elements and/or demonstrates only a basic level of
knowledge and understanding. S/He has yet to acquire skills for effective classroom teaching.
2 – Developing (80-84) The pre-service teacher demonstrates an increased knowledge and understanding of the
elements. S/He is able to demonstrate, with assistance, the significant elements in a classroom
teaching or field setting. S/He is able to evaluate, with assistance, the success of teaching
performance. S/he has still to improve on this element to improve teaching performance.
3 – Satisfactory (85-89) The pre-service teacher demonstrates satisfactory knowledge and understanding of the elements
but commits mistakes in some aspects. S/He is able to exhibit this element satisfactorily to
perform a classroom teaching with self-confidence but still has to exert more effort to improve
teaching skills.
4 – Proficient ( 90-94) The pre-service teacher is able to demonstrate a substantial knowledge and understanding of the
element and has the competent ability to apply the elements in a field setting.
5 – Advanced/Excellent
(95-100) The pre-service teacher demonstrates a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the
element. S/He can consistently apply the elements for an effective classroom teaching. S/He can
also skillfully integrate the elements into an overall lesson. S/He can critically evaluate student
learning and teaching effectiveness in order to guide subsequent instruction.
APPENDIX C: Rubric for Student Teaching Portfolio
Performance 5 3 1