PR Chapter 1
PR Chapter 1
ACADEMIC TRACK
JANELLE LAZARTE
ANALYN PERILLO
DEAN REVIDAD
ALFRED SATURNINO
JHUN TOLARBA
JOMAR PRELLIGERA
JAYLORD GAWIRAN
March 2023-2024
Introduction
TABLE OF CONTENT
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Screen time in young children is discouraged because of its negative effects on their
development. However, excessive screen media use has been rising, particularly during
the global pandemic when stay-at-home mandates were placed on young children in
Screen time is becoming increasingly common in daily life. Early and excessive screen
use has raised growing concerns for children's neuropsychological development. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between exposure to screen time in
early life and the presence of autistic-like behaviours among preschool children.
performed to test the association between screen time and changes in scaled scores for
skills and behaviours determined from the Adaptive Behavior Scale and to identify
Screen time can impact children's language development, which plays a vital role in their
social interactions. Studies have identified a potential link between excessive screen time
Children's heavy reliance on screen media has raised serious public health issues since it
might harm their cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional growth. This study examines
the effects of screen time on many developmental domains and covers management and
limitation techniques for kids' screen usage. Screens can improve education and learning:
however, too much time spent in front of a screen and multitasking with other media has
been related to worse executive functioning and academic performance. As screen time
reduces the amount and quality of interactions between children and their caregivers, it
can also have an impact on language development. Contextual elements like co-viewing
and topic appropriateness are key in determining how language development is impacted.
Additionally, excessive screen usage has detrimental effects on social and emotional
growth, including a rise in the likelihood of obesity, sleep disorders, and mental health
controls, and demonstrating good screen behaviour are all techniques that parents may
use to manage children's screen usage. We con reduce the possible negative impacts of
excessive screen time and promote children's healthy development and well-being by
This study aims to assess the effect of screen time on social skills of preschool.
2. What are the social and emotional costs of Technology and how does amount of screen
Excessive screen media usage in students can have both positive and negative impacts on
enhance education and learning. However, studies have shown that excessive screen time
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Screen exposure has been associated with lower cognitive abilities and academic
content play a role in determining the impact on language development. Excessive screen
usage can also lead to problems in social-emotional development, including obesity, sleep
Parents can benefit from this research by gaining a better understanding of how screen
time affects their children's social development. It can help them make informed
decisions about setting screen time limits, selecting appropriate digital content, and
encouraging a balance between screen time and other activities that promote social
interaction.
Children themselves can benefit from this research by becoming aware of the potential
impacts of excessive screen time on their social skills. It can empower them to make
choices that foster healthy digital habits, such as engaging in more face-to-face
communication skills.
Teachers can use the findings of this research to guide their classroom practices and
time. They can design activities that encourage collaborative learning, effective
Schools can consider integrating guidelines and policies based on research findings into
their curriculum and digital technology practices. This can involute implementing
routines that balance screen time with other activities, offering digital citizenship
programs to teach responsible technology use, and providing resources for parents and
Future Researchers: This research can serve as a foundation for future studies on the
complex relationship between screen time and children's social skills. It can guide
and devising innovative interventions that mitigate any negative impacts of screen time.
Social skills in preschool: Social skills are the skills we use everyday to interact and
Social media user: This study found that limiting social media use to 30 minutes per day
Since the advent of the pandemic, students exposed to gadgets were even
more dependent than ever before. This study aims to analyse tertiary students' gadget
screen time usage during the pandemic. The Proponent used a descriptive research via
online survey as the primary data gathering tool. The study subjected the gathered data to
statistical treatment. Results show that students responded that it is "important" and they
"agree" to reduce gadget screen time use. The students also "agree" on the context of
expectations about screen time use, and they "often" observe a family model of screen
time use in their households. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the
attitude, self-efficacy, expectations, and family model of screen time use when grouped
according to demographic profile. Finally, the proponent shared some implications at the
development. However, excessive screen media use has been rising, particularly during
the global pandemic when stay-at-home mandates were placed on young children in
screen media
use. With the advancement of technology, young generations are becoming more
dependent on them. Globally, children's screen time is increasing and this issue is of ten
interrelated with students' academic productivity. Screen time activity refers to activities
done in front of a screen. Academic productivity, on the other hand, is simply the state of
efficiency. In this study, a descriptive research design and a quantitative approach were
used to evaluate the relationship between screen time activity and students academic
productivity. Further, a Liker Scale was used to collect data from 200 respondents of
elementary school at Tagobiao Elementary School. The targeted segment was provided
screen time activity and academic productivity of students. Additionally, students use
screens mostly for a variety of academic purposes. including writing essays, presenting
Power Point presentations, researching, and studying. Consequently, this study suggests
critical to exercise moderation because excessive screen time activity can negatively
affect mental and physical health. With this, it is key to remember that all activities,
including screen time, should be done in moderation. Screen time in young children is
home mandates were placed on young children in several countries. This study
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development. Despite its prevalence, there is a dearth of studies relating family dynamics
and screen time. This study aimed to determine the association between family dynamics
Children's heavy reliance on screen media has raised serious public health issues since it
might harm their cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional growth. This study examines
the effects of screen time on many developmental domains and covers management and
limitation techniques for kids screen usage. Screen media has a wide range of cognitive
consequences, with both beneficial and detrimental effects noted. Screens can improve
education and learning, however, too much time spent in front of a screen and
multitasking with other media has been related to worse executive functioning and
academic performance. As screen time reduces the amount and quality of interactions
between children and their caregivers, it can also have an impact on language
development. Contextual elements like co-viewing and topic appropriateness are key in
likelihood of obesity, sleep disorders, and mental health conditions including depression
and anxiety. It can obstruct the ability to interpret emotions, fuel aggressive conduct, and
controls, and demonstrating good screen behaviour are all techniques that parents may
use to manage children's screen usage. We can reduce the possible negative impacts of
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children over time, between age 4 and 8, measured against their daily screen time. The
study found excessive screen time led to emotional dysregulation and negatively affected
In 2021, Denise Scairpon published a dissertation on screen time among 4-and 5- year-
old children and its effect on their social and emotional development as well as their
sleep. The most significant finding: Excessive use of digital devices may cause children
to suffer from irreversible damage to their developing brains and limit their ability for
school success.
In reality, though, screen time research has been less than definitive, mainly owing to a
psychologists and other child development experts take a deeper and increasingly
nuanced look at children's and teens' use of tablets, phones and other screens. Researchers
are now paying close attention to the kinds of content kids are consuming via digital
devices. They're looking at the environment that surrounds screen time, including
parenting and socioeconomic status. And they're buckling down for the long haul,
building new longitudinal studies that will help answer complex questions about kids,
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Whether the whole family sits around staring at their smartphones or you keep the TV on
in the background, too much screen time can be harmful. Here are a few ways your health
Today's generation (Lua, Chua, Chia 2020) the COVID 19 pandemic has disrupted the
lives of many. In particular, during the height of the pandemic, many experienced
lockdowns
which in turn increased screen time drastically. While the pandemic has been declared an
endemic and most activities have been reinstated, there appears to still be elevated screen.
time among adolescents due to poor habits formed during the pandemic lockdowns. This
paper explores the factors by which screen time affects well-being among adolescents
and how the pandemic may have influenced some of these factors. For example, beyond
having greater screen time, many adolescents have also reduced their physical activities
and picked up poor sleeping habits. These findings highlight the importance of having
integrated activity guidelines that go beyond limiting adolescents' daily screen time. It is
important to affirm that beyond ensuring that adolescents limit their daily screen time.
they are also meeting physical activity and sleep guidelines so that they achieve a holistic
sense of wellbeing.
Screen time relates to both better and poorer academic performance of children. Some
studies have found a negative association between those variables but 'Horowitz- Kraus
& Hutton (2018) found that excessive screen time leads to decreased cognitive function.
Longer screen time was associated with language delay and academic difficulties.
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According to a longitudinal study on this topic, more hours of screen time leads to poorer
math skills and more hours of television watching leads to poorer reading skills.
Accordingly, Adelantado-Renau et al. (2019) found that video gaming and watching
television was negatively associated with mean grades. According to the American
Psychological Association (APA), social skills refer to the ability to interact properly in
friends, coping, problem solving, and the ability to regulate cognitions, feelings and
behaviour (American Psychological Association, n. d.). Engaging in screen based
behaviour may decrease healthy social skills as children have less opportunities for peer
language delays, cognitive function and other developmental factors. These elements are
vital for children's social interactions. Higher reports of screen time and lower levels of
outdoor play was correlated with poorer social skills (Hinkley et al., 2018).
Twinge & Campbell (2018) found that those who spent more time on screen media
scored lower in psychological well being. Furthermore, more screen time was linked to
poorer emotion regulation. This applies to factors such as having difficulties making
friends, being difficult to get along with, struggling to stay calm, arguing, lower curiosity,
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Effect: Refers to the impact or influence that screen time has on children's social skills.
This can include bath positive and negative effects on various aspects of their social
development.
problem- solving, and understanding. It includes aspects such as attention, memory, and
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information processing that can be affected by screen time and in turn influence social
skills.
Screen Time: Refers to the amount of time spent in front of screens, including televisions.
Social Development: Refers to the growth and acquisition of social abilities, behaviours,
and norms through interactions and experiences with others. This includes the
cues.
Social Skills: Refers to a set of abilities and behaviours that enable individuals to interact,
communicate, and relate effectively with others. These skills often include verbal and
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Chapter 2
Methodology
treatment of data. The detailed discussion on the research process will be conducted to
achieve our objective of exploring the impact of screen time on children's social skills is
to unearth the complex dynamics at play. It's not just about examining surface-level
effects but delving deeper to understand the underlying mechanisms at play. Our
approach is rooted in a search for deeper understanding and insight. Choosing a research
design is not a decision taken lightly. It covers a field of previous studies that have taken
a similar path, drawing from their insights to pave the way forward. This design is not
just a choice, but rather a culmination of knowledge gained from various related studies.
This is the most appropriate scaffold for our investigation, combining elements from
The target population for this research defined to include the students from preschool up
to grade 3 students of Ligao East Central School (LECS), since these are the students the
researcher’s reach. For some studies, the population may be small enough to warrant the
inclusion of all of them in the study. But a study may entail a large population which
cannot all be studied. A sample in this study is, therefore, a smaller group. The sample of
After the questionnaires were administered directly to the chosen sample for the study
100 copies of the questionnaire given out were successfully completed and returned. The
opposite could have been the case if the researcher had taken the lonely task of going
To carry out the research study, the researcher used the following Research instruments.
We created our own research questions, which were focused on exploring specific aspects
To ensure the validity and reliability of the research instrument, We recruited a panel of
experts in child psychology and research methodology to review and audit the questions.
They provided insights and feedback on the wording, clarity, relevance, and overall
participants to test the questions, assess their understanding, and refine any issues that
arose.
After conducting the pilot study, We analysed the responses and identified any
problematic questions or areas that required further refinement. We then made the
necessary revisions and created a final version of the research instrument, which was
deemed valid and reliable based on standard research methodology criteria. Overall, the
process of creating and validating the research instrument was rigorous and involved
multiple stages of scrutiny and refinement to ensure the integrity of the study.
2.8 REFERENCES
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2.9 APPENDICES