Chapter 1 Introduction To Industrial Security
Chapter 1 Introduction To Industrial Security
2022-2023
What is Security?
✓ Security came from the Greek word “securos” which means safe, safety or secured.
✓ The term security connotes safety from harm; it is the condition of being free from
fear, doubt, apprehension, anxiety and danger. It implies state of certainty and safety.
✓ Is a state or situation of being secured; there is freedom from fear, harm, danger,
loss, destruction or damages. Basically, it is an act of humans that led to many
unsecured and unsafe conditions.
It comprises for many reasons could be economic, revenge, or just plain greed
and avarice. Whatever the motives, the civilized man needs adequate protection.
✓ Manwong and Hipolito (2008) defined security as same as protection and safety,
protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional,
occupational, psychological as the consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents
or any event could be considered as not desirable.
✓ Security work involves active and passive measures so that effective defense can
be established against crimes.
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1.Natural Authority. The highest law is the law of self-preservation. By instinct, man
naturally reacts to protect himself, his family, his honor, freedom, liberty and property from
danger, threat or hazard. He does it personally and/or thru the help of others.
2. Constitutional Authority. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect
people. The government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfilment
thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, or to render
personal military or civil service (Art II, Sec 4 of the 1987 Constitution).
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor
shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws (Art III, Sec 1 of 1987
Constitution). This means the life, liberty; freedom and property can only be taken from a
person after the observance of due process of law.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects
against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall
be inviolable (Art III, Sec. 2 of 1987 Constitution).
3. Statutory Authority
1. The RPC (Act No. 3815, as amended) Applicable provisions of the Code on Crimes
Against persons, Personal Liberty and Security and Property have bearing on the security
and protection of one’s life, liberty and property.
2. Private Security Agency Law (R.A. 5487 as amended) governs the operation,
administration of security agency, and activities, qualifications, duties and licensing of
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security guards, watchmen and private detectives. In short, it is the intention of this law to
professionalize the security services in order to upgrade the level of security protection.
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Philippines Setting
In the Philippines, President Ferdinand E. Marcos on June 13, 1969 signed the
Republic Act 5487, the Private Security Agency Law. In this law was assigned the most
important role of Security Guard Force in assisting the Police in its mission to safeguard
lives and properties. The then Philippine Constabulary (PC) played a great role in
supervising all Private Constabulary issued Staff Memo dated August 4, 1969 creating the
Philippine Constabulary Security and Investigation Agency Supervisory Office (PCSIASO).
After barely two (2) months another General Staff Memo was issued renaming PCISASO to
PCSOSIA. On June 29, 1970, it was again renamed.
As PC Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation Agency (SUSIA). However,
the supervision was later on transferred to the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency
(NICA). With the intention of continuously professionalizing the security industry, several
Presidential Decrees were issued such as PD No. 11 issued on October 1972, amending
certain sections of RA 5487 particularly Sections 4 as to who may organize a security and
watchman agency; PD 100 on January 17, 1973 further amended Sections 3, 4, 5, 8 and 9
which permits the watchman or security guard to assist in cases of emergency disaster or
calamity.
With the creation of the Philippine National Police on January 1, 1991 pursuant to
RA 6975, PCSUSIA became Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies
(SOSIA) and on January 01, 1995 it was renamed as PNP SAGSD (Security Agencies and
Guards Supervision Division). This Unit of the PNP was given the same functions to that of
the PCSOSIA but a more challenging and expanding tasks. To date, there are more or less
Two Thousand (2,000) registered security agencies operating in the Philippines, Five
Hundred Sixty Thousand (560,000) licensed security personnel and One Hundred Twenty
Four (124) Private Security Training Institutions.
Jimenez Security Agency (formerly the Special Watchman Agency) – the first formally
licensed private security agency in the Philippines dated March 1, 1933. This was owned,
managed and operated in the City of Manila by brothers Juan and Pedro Jimenez.
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Security Management
It is the proper utilization of resources in a security organization in order to meet
organizational goals and objectives and to ensure their achievements.
In other sense, it is a broad field of management related to asset management,
physical and human resource safety functions. It entails the identification of an
organization’s information assets and the development, documentation and implementation
of policies, standards, procedures and guidelines.
Management tools such as information classification, risk assessment and risk
analysis are used to identify threats, classify assets and the rate system vulnerabilities so
that effective control can be implemented.
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and properties as well as the supermarket personnel and customers. Security personnel
are trained in customer relation and criminalities such as detecting robbery, shoplifting, and
bomb detection.
3. Home Security. A fields of security which has prime duties of protecting residential
homes or town sites including the protection of entire houses against property losses and
damages.
4. Airport Security. It one of the field of physical security which focuses on the airports
against crime and terrorism. It includes the protection for the safety of passengers and
personnel including their aircraft.
Political Fields
1. International Security. consists of the measure taken by nations and international
organizations, such as the United Nations, to ensure mutual survival and safety. These
measures include the military actions and diplomatic agreements such as treaties and
conventions.
2. National Security. Refers to the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation- state
through the use of economic, military and political power and exercise of diplomacy.
3. Human Security. Refers to an emerging paradigm for understanding global
vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional notion of national security by
arguing that the proper referent for security should be the individual rather than the state.
Human security holds that a proper-centered view of security is necessary for national
regional and global stability.
Monetary Field
1. Financial Security. Refers to the methods applied for the protection of fungible,
negotiable instrument representing financial value. It is broadly categorized into debt
securities such as banknotes, bonds and debentures, and equity securities, etc.
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2. Data Security. It is the means of ensuring that the data is kept safe from corruption and
that access to it is suitably controlled. Thus, data security ensure privacy.
3. Application Security. Encompasses measures taken to prevent exceptions in the
security policy of an application or the underlying system (vulnerabilities) through the flaws
in the design, development, or deployment of the application.
4. Information Security. Means protecting information and information systems from
unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction.
5. Network Security. Consist of the provisions made in an underlying computer network
infrastructure, policies, adopted by the network administrator to protect the network and the
network-accessible resources from unauthorized access and the effectiveness (or lack) of
these measures combined together.
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2. Hotel Security. Type of security applied to hotels where its properties are protected from
pilferage, loss, damage and the function in the hotel restaurants are not disturbed and
troubled by outsiders or the guest themselves. This type of security employs house
detectives, uniforms guard and supervisor and insures that hotel guests and their personal
effects are safeguarded.
3. Bank Security. This type of security is concern with bank operations. Its main objective
is the protection of bank cash and assets, its personnel and clientele. Security personnel
are trained to safeguard bank and assets while in storage, in transit and during
transactions.
4. VIP Security. A type of security applied for the protection of top-ranking officials of the
government or private entity, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.
5. School Security. A type of security that is concerned with the protection of students,
faculty members, and school properties. Security personnel are trained to protect the
school property from theft, vandals, handling campus riots and detecting the use of
intoxicated drugs and alcohol by the students.
6. Supermarket or Mall Security. A type of security which is concerned with the protection
of the stores, warehouses, storage, its immediate premises and properties as well as the
supermarket personnel and customers. Security personnel are trained to detect “shoplifter”,
robbery, and bomb detection and customer relation.
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References
Delizo, D.B.S., & Corpuz, W.M. (2011). Industrial Security Management Manual. (2011 ed.).
Quezon City, Wiseman’s Book Trading.
Domingo, C.G., & Manwong R.K. (2020). Industrial Security Management (A Textbook for
Criminology and Security. (2020 ed.). Quezon City, Wiseman’s Book Trading.
Ajero, J.M. (2014). Industrial & Corporate Security Management. (2014 ed.). Quezon City,
Wiseman’s Book Trading.
Corpuz, W.M., & Delizo, D.B. (2011). Industrial Security Management Manual. Quezon City,
Wiseman Book Trading, Inc.
Hipolito, L.M., & Manwong, R.K. (2008). A Primer in Industrial Security Management.
Quezon City, Wiseman’s Book Trading.
Peckley, M.F. (2013). Security Management Principles and Practices. Quezon City,
Wiseman’s Book Trading.
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