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DLL Science 8 Digestive System
DLL Science 8 Digestive System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Og5xAdC8EUI
D. Discussing new Direct instruction
concepts and PARTS AND FUNCTION
practicing new
skills: Mouth
EXPLORE The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract; and digestion starts here when taking the
first bite of food. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while
saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can
absorb and use.
Esophagus
Located in your throat near your trachea (windpipe), the esophagus receives food from your
mouth when you swallow. Through a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis, the
esophagus delivers food to your stomach.
Stomach
The stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with
enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form. Cells in the lining
of the stomach secrete a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the
breakdown process. When the contents of the stomach are sufficiently processed, they are
released into the small intestine.
Small intestine
Made up of three segments — the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum — the small intestine is a
22-foot-long muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas
and bile from the liver. Peristalsis also is at work in this organ, moving food through and mixing
it with digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum is largely responsible
for the continuous breaking-down process, with the jejunum and ileum mainly responsible for
the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.
Pancreas
The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum, the first segment of the small
intestine. These enzymes break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas also
makes insulin, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is the chief hormone for
metabolizing sugar.
Liver
The liver has multiple functions, but its main function within the digestive system is to process
the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small
intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. In addition, the liver is the body’s
chemical "factory." It takes the raw materials absorbed by the intestine and makes all the
various chemicals the body needs to function. The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful
chemicals. It breaks down and secretes many drugs.
Gallbladder
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, and then releases it into the duodenum to help
absorb and digest fats.
Large intestine
The colon is a 6-foot-long muscular tube that connects the small intestine to the rectum. The
large intestine is made up of the cecum, the ascending (right) colon, the transverse (across)
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colon, the descending (left) colon, and the sigmoid colon, which connects to the rectum. The
appendix is a small tube attached to the cecum. The large intestine is a highly specialized organ
that is responsible for processing waste so emptying the bowels is easy and convenient.
Rectum
The rectum (Latin for "straight") is an 8-inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus. It is
the rectum's job to receive stool from the colon, to let the person know that there is stool to
be evacuated, and to hold the stool until evacuation happens. When anything (gas or stool)
comes into the rectum, sensors send a message to the brain. The brain then decides if the rectal
contents can be released or not. If they can, the sphincters relax and the rectum contracts,
disposing of its contents. If the contents cannot be disposed of, the sphincter contracts and the
rectum accommodate so that the sensation temporarily goes away.
Anus
The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It is a 2-inch long canal consisting of the pelvic
floor muscles and the two anal sphincters (internal and external). The lining of the upper anus
is specialized to detect rectal contents. It lets you know whether the contents are liquid, gas,
or solid. The anus is surrounded by sphincter muscles that are important in allowing control of
stool. The pelvic floor muscle creates an angle between the rectum and the anus that stops
stool from coming out when it is not supposed to. The internal sphincter is always tight, except
when stool enters the rectum.
E. Developing Cooperative Activity
Mastery: A. The students will arrange in a
EXPLAIN correct sequence to show the
pathway of food in the
alimentary canal or
gastrointestinal tract:
ORAL CAVITY
PHARYNX
ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
RECTUM
ANAL CANAL/ANUS
B. The students will name the parts of the digestive system based on the functions
provided.
F. Practical The students should be knowledgeable about this lesson because it has a vital function to
applications of humans and other organisms: Let the students say the future career by which the digestive
concepts & skills: system is included in the studies: Example:
ELABORATE
Nurse, Doctor, Medical Technologist, Nutritionist, Pharmacist
G. Generalizations: TRUE OR FALSE
ELABORATE 1. Digestion starts at the stomach where hydrochloric acid is produced.
2. The liver is a part of the alimentary canal that releases bile for fat emulsification.
3. Mechanical digestion also happens in the stomach through the churning of chyme.
4. The esophagus has involuntary muscles that can swallow food even when a person is
positioned upside down.
5. The gall bladder is responsible for controlling the amount of bile to be released in the
duodenum of the small intestine.
H. Assessment: I. Direction: Write YES if the part/organ belongs to the digestive system and write NO if not.
EVALUATE Part/ Organ YES or NO Part/ Organ YES or NO
1 Heart 6 Gall Bladder
2 Esophagus 7 Urinary Bladder
3 Liver 8 Salivary Glands
4 Kidney 9 Small Intestine
5 Skull 10 Stomach
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VI. REFLECTION
A. No. students
got 75-100% in
the assessment:
B. No. students
who need
remediation:
C. Did the
remediation
work? Why?
D. Innovation or
localization used:
E. Suggestions &
Agreements:
Department Head
Principal
Supervisor:
Prepared by:
D. Discussing new Let the students accomplish the table. They will elaborate their answer regarding digestive
concepts and secretions.
practicing new
skills:
EXPLORE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9XVMiQq-n4&t=23s
F. Practical The students should be knowledgeable about this lesson because it has a vital function to
applications of humans and other organisms: Let the students say the future career by which the digestive
concepts & skills: system is included in the studies: Nurse, Doctor, Medical Technologist, Nutritionist, Pharmacist
7
ELABORATE
G. Generalizations:
ELABORATE
H. Assessment:
EVALUATE
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I. Enrichment:
EXTEND
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. students
got 75-100% in
the assessment:
B. No. students
who need
remediation:
C. Did the
remediation
work? Why?
D. Innovation or
localization used:
E. Suggestions &
Agreements:
Department Head
Principal
Supervisor:
Prepared by: