THANGAVELU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

RAJIV GANDHI SALAI, KARAPAKKAM, CHENNAI-600 097

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

RECORD NOTE BOOK

CS3481 - DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS LABORATORY

Student Name

Register Number
 THANGAVELU ENGINEERING COLLEGE
RAJIV GANDHI SALAI, KARAPAKKAM, CHENNAI-600097.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this is the Bonafide record of work done by the Mr/Ms
in the Degree course in the
Laboratory during the academic
year

Station : Chennai – 600097

Date :

Staff Incharge Head of the Department

Submitted for the University practical Examination held on .................................................. at

Thangavelu Engineering College , Karapakkam, Chennai-600097.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 CS3481:DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
INDEX
EX.NO NAME OF PAGE.NO DATE SIGNETURE
EXPIRIMENT

1 DDL and DML

commands

2 FOREIGN KEY AND

REFERENTIAL
INTEGRITY
CONSTRAINT
QUERIES WITH
3 WHERE CLAUSE AND
AGGREATE
FUNCTIONS.

4 SIMPLE JOIN AND

SUB QUERIES

NATURAL JOIN,
5 EQUI JOIN AND
OUTER JOIN

6 PROCEDURE AND
FUNCTIONS

7 DCL AND TCL

COMMANDS
CREATION OF
8 DATABASE
TRIGGERSCREATION
OF DATABASE
TRIGGERS
VIEWS AND INDEX
9

10 XML DATABASE
CREATION AND
VALIDATION

11 CREATING
DOCUMENT,
COLUMNS & GRAPH
USING NOSQL

12 SIMPLE GUI
APPLICATION USING
DATABASE

13 CASE STUDY OF
BANK
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
EX.NO: 1 DDL and DML commands

AIM:

To execute basic command in MySQL using DDL and DML.

PROCEDURE:

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Create a database and use it for basic operations.
Step 3: Create a table with necessary attributes and execute DDL and DML
commands.
Step 4: Display the result.
Step 5: Stop

DDL (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE)

• CREATE
• ALTER
• DROP
• TRUNCATE
• COMMENT
• RENAME

RESULT :

Thus, the queries were executed successfully.

1. CREATING TABLE:-

SQL> CREATE TABLE EMP (EMPNO NUMBER (4), ENAME VARCHAR2 (10),
DESIGNATIN VARCHAR2 (10), SALARY NUMBER (8,2));

Table created.

SQL: DESC <TABLE NAME>;

SQL> DESC EMP;

Name Type
Null?

EMPNO NUMBER(4)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
DESIGNATIN VARCHAR2(10)
SALARY NUMBER(8,2)

SQL>ALTER TABLE EMP MODIFY EMPNO NUMBER (6);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMP;

Name Null? Type

EMPNO NUMBER(6)
ENAME VARCHAR2(10)
DESIGNATIN VARCHAR2(10)
 SALARY NUMBER(8,2)

SQL>ALTER TABLE EMP ADD (DOB DATE, DOJ DATE);

Table altered.
SQL> DESC EMP;

Name Null? Type

EMPNO NUMBER (7)

ENAME VARCHAR 2(12)

DESIGNATIN VARCHAR 2(10)

SALARY NUMBER (8,2)
QUALIFICATION VARCHAR 2(6)
DOB DATE

REMOVE / DROP :-
SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP DROP COLUMN DOJ;

SQL> DESC EMP;

Name Null? Type

EMPNO NUMBER (7)

ENAME VARCHAR 2(12)
DESIGNATIN VARCHAR 2(10)

SALARY NUMBER (8,2)

QUALIFICATION VARCHAR 2(6)
 DOB DATE

SQL>ALTER TABLE EMP DROP (DOB, QUALIFICATION);

Table altered.

SQL> DESC EMP;

Name Null? Type

EMPNO NUMBER (7)

ENAME VARCHAR 2(12)

DESIGNATIN VARCHAR 2(10)
SALARY NUMBER (8,2)

NOT NULL Constraint :-

SQL> CREATE TABLE Student (Id INTEGER, Last Name TEXT NOT NULL, FirstName TEXT NOT
NULL, City
VARCHAR (35));

SQL> INSERT INTO Student VALUES(1, 'Hanks', 'Peter', 'New York');

SQL> INSERT INTO Student VALUES(2, NULL, 'Amanda', 'Florida');

Output :-
UNIQUE CONSTRAINTS :-
SQL> CREATE TABLE ShirtBrands(Id INTEGER, BrandName VARCHAR(40) UNIQUE, Size
VARCHAR(30));

SQL> INSERT INTO ShirtBrands(Id, BrandName, Size) VALUES(1, 'Pantaloons', 38), (2,
'Cantabil', 40);

SQL> INSERT INTO ShirtBrands(Id, BrandName, Size) VALUES(1, 'Raymond', 38), (2, 'Cant
abil', 40);
Output
CHECK CONSTRAINT :-

CHECK (expr)
SQL> CREATE TABLE Persons ( ID int NOT NULL,Name varchar(45) NOT NULL, Age in t CHECK
(Age>=18) );

SQL> INSERT INTO Persons(Id, Name, Age) VALUES (1,'Robert', 28), (2, 'Joseph', 35), (3,
'Peter', 40);

SQL> INSERT INTO Persons(Id, Name, Age) VALUES (1,'Robert', 15);

Output :-

In the below output, we can see that the first INSERT query executes successfully, but the
second statement fails and gives an error that says: CHECK constraint is violated for key Age.
PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINT:-

CREATE TABLE Persons ( ID int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, Name varchar(45) NOT NULL,
Age int, City varchar(25));

INSERT INTO Persons(Id, Name, Age, City)

VALUES (1,'Robert', 15, 'Florida') , (2, 'Joseph', 35, 'California'), (3, 'Peter', 40, 'Alaska');

INSERT INTO Persons(Id, Name, Age, City)

VALUES (1,'Stephen', 15, 'Florida');

Output
EX.NO:2 FOREIGN KEY AND REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT

AIM :-

To create a set of tables and add foreign key and referential integrity constraints.

PROCEDURE :-

Step 1:Start
Step 2:Create Table Department and Employee with necessary attributes.
Step 3:Add Foreign Key constraints in department table by altering it.
Step 4:Check referential integrity constraints by perform any operation.
Step 5: Stop .

RESULT :

Thus the queries were executed successfully

2. DEPARTMENT :

SQL>CREATE TABLE Department(

Id INT PRIMARY KEY,

Name NVARCHAR(50)

);

INSERT SOME DATAS IN DEPARTMENT TABLE :

SQL>INSERT INTO Department values (10, 'IT');

SQL>INSERT INTO Department values (20, 'HR');

SQL>INSERT INTO Department values (30, 'INFRA');

EMPLOYEES :-

SQL>CREATE TABLE Employees(

Id INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
DepartmentID INT

);
ADDING THE FOREIGN KEY CONSTRANT :-

SQL>ALTER TABLE Employees ADD FOREIGN KEY (DepartmentId) REFERENCES Department(Id);

INSERT SOME TEST DATA IN EMPLOYEE TABLE:-

SQL>INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (101, 'Anurag', 10);

SQL>INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (102, 'Pranaya', 20);

SQL>INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (103, 'Hina', 30);

Delete from Parent Table :

SQL>DELETE FROM Department WHERE Id = 10;

OUTPUT:

ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails
(`db2`.`employees`, CONSTRAINT `employees_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`DepartmentID`)
REFERENCES `department` (`Id`))
 EX.NO: 3 QUERIES WITH WHERE CLAUSE AND AGGREATE
FUNCTIONS.

AIM :-
To write queries using WHERE clause and Aggreate Functions.

PROCEDURE
Step 1: Start .
Step 2: Write queries using different WHERE Clause .

Step 3: Write queries for Aggregate functions like count,avg,min,max .

Step 4: stop.

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully
3. MySQL WHERE Clause :-

SQL> Select * from Tablename WHERE conditions;

MySQL WHERE Clause with AND condition :-

SQL>SELECT * FROM officers WHERE address = 'Lucknow' AND officer_id < 5;

WHERE Clause with OR condition:-

SQL>SELECT * FROM officers WHERE address = 'Lucknow' OR address = 'Mau’;

MySQL WHERE Clause with combination of AND & OR conditions:-

SQL>SELECT * FROM officers WHERE (address = 'Mau' AND officer_name = 'Ajeet') OR

(officer_id < 5);
AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS :-

Consider a table named "employees" that contains the following data.

SQL> SELECT COUNT(emp_name) FROM employees;

Output:
SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE emp_age>32;

Output:

Consider our database has a table named employees, having the following data. Now, we
are going to understand this function with various examples:
SQL> SELECT SUM(working_hours) AS "Total working hours" FROM employees;
Output:

MySQL avg() function example:-

Consider our database has a table named employees, having the following data. Now, we
are going to understand this function with various examples:

SQL> SELECT AVG(working_hours) Avg_working_hours FROM employees;

Output:
We will get the result as below:
EX.NO:4 SIMPLE JOIN AND SUB QUERIES

AIM:-
To execute and verify the SQL commands for Simple JOIN and sub queries.

PROCEDURE :-

STEP 1: Start
STEP 2: Create the table with its essential attributes.
STEP 3: Insert attribute values into the table
STEP 4: Execute Commands for JOIN operation and extract information from the table. STEP
5: Execute Commands for Sub queries operation.
STEP 6: Stop

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully
4. MYSQL INNER JOIN (SIMPLE JOIN) :-

Consider two tables "officers" and "students", having the following data.

SQL> SELECT officers.officer_name, officers.address, students.course_name

FROM officers INNER JOIN students ON officers.officer_id = students.student_id;

Output :-
MYSQL SUBQUERY :-

SQL>SELECT emp_name, city, income FROM employees WHERE emp_id IN (SELECT e mp_id
FROM employees);
Syntax:

SELECT [column_names | *] FROM table_name1 NATURAL JOIN table_name2;

/* -- Table name: customer -*/

SQL>CREATE TABLE customer ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, customer_name

VARCHAR(55), account int, email VARCHAR(55) );

/* -- Table name: balance -*/

SQL>CREATE TABLE balance ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, account int, balance
FLOAT(10, 2) );

/* -- Data for customer table -*/

SQL>INSERT INTO customer(customer_name, account, email) VALUES('Stephen', 1030,

'stephen @javatpoint.com'), ('Jenifer', 2035, '[email protected]'), ('Mathew', 5564,
'mathew@java tpoint.com'), ('Smith', 4534, '[email protected]'), ('David', 7648,
'[email protected]');

/* -- Data for balance table -*/

SQL>INSERT INTO balance(account, balance)
VALUES(1030, 50000.00), (2035, 230000.00), (5564, 125000.00), (4534, 80000.00),
(7648, 45000.00);
EX.NO :5 NATURAL JOIN, EQUI JOIN AND OUTER JOIN

AIM :-
To write a query to perform natural join ,equi join and outer join.

PROCEDURE :-

Step 1: Start
Step 2:Create table with necessary attributes .

Step 3: Perform natural join,equi join and outer join operations with queries Step 4: Stop

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully
5. NATURAL JOIN:

SQL> SELECT cust. customer_name, bal.balance FROM customer AS cust NATURAL JOI N
balance AS bal;

MYSQL RIGHT OUTER JOIN

Syntax:

SELECT columns FROM table1 RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN table2 ON table1.column = table2.co
lumn;

Consider two tables "officers" and "students", having the following data.
SQL>SELECT officers.officer_name, officers.address, students.course_name,
students.studen t_name FROM officers RIGHT JOIN students ON officers.officer_id =
students.student_id;
Output

EQUI JOIN :-

SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name1, table_name2, .... , table_nameN

WHERE table_name1.column_name = table_name2.column_name;
Consider two tables named customer and balance

SQL> SELECT cust. customer_name, bal.balance FROM customer AS cust, balance AS bal
WHERE cust.account = bal.account_num;
EX.NO:6 PROCEDURE AND FUNCTIONS

AIM : -
To write a SQL block to display the student name, marks whose average mark is above 60%.

ALGORITHM

STEP 1: Start
STEP 2: Create a table with table name stud_exam .
STEP 3: Insert the values into the table and Calculate total and average of each student .
STEP 4: Execute the procedure function the student who get above 60%.

STEP 5: Display the total and average of student .

STEP 6: End .

FUNCTIONS :-

AIM :-
To write a Functional procedure to search an address from the given
database.
ALGORITHM:

STEP 1: Start

STEP 2: Create the table with essential attributes.

STEP 3: Initialize the Function to carryout the searching procedure..

STEP 4: Frame the searching procedure for both positive and negative searching.

STEP 5: Execute the Function for both positive and negative result .

STEP 6: Stop

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully .
6. SETTING SERVEROUTPUT ON:

SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

PROGRAM:

PROCEDURE USING POSITIONAL PARAMETERS:

SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE PROC1 AS
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello from procedure...');
END;
/

Output

Procedure created.

SQL> EXECUTE PROC1

Hello from procedure...

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> create table student(regno number(4),name varchar2)20),mark1 number(3), mark2

number(3), mark3 number(3), mark4 number(3), mark5 number(3));

Table created

SQL> insert into student values (101,'priya', 78, 88,77,60,89);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into student values (102,'surya', 99,77,69,81,99);

1 row created.

SQL> insert into student values (103,'suryapriya', 100,90,97,89,91);

1 row created.
SQL> select * from student;

regno name mark1 mark2 mark3 mark4 mark5

priya 78 88 77 60 89
surya 99 77 69 81 99
suryapriya 100 90 97 89 91

SQL> declare
ave number(5,2);
tot number(3);
cursor c_mark is select*from student where mark1>=40 and mark2>=40 and
mark3>=40 and mark4>=40 and mark5>=40;
begin
dbms_output.put_line('regno name mark1 mark2 mark3 mark4 mark4 mark5 total average');
dbms_output.put_line(' ');
for student in c_mark
loop
tot:=student.mark1+student.mark2+student.mark3+student.mark4+student.mark5;
ave:=tot/5;
dbms_output.put_line(student.regno||rpad(student.name,15)
||rpad(student.mark1,6)||rpad(student.mark2,6)||rpad(student.mark3,6)
||rpad(student.mark4,6)||rpad(student.mark5,6)||rpad(tot,8)||rpad(ave,5));
end loop;
end;
/

OUTPUT

regno name mark1 mark2 mark3 mark4 mark5 total

average

101 priya 78 88 77 60 89 393 79

102 surya 99 77 69 81 99 425 85
103 suryapriya 100 90 97 89 91 467 93

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed

6.SQL> create table phonebook (phone_no number (6) primary key,username

varchar2(30),doorno varchar2(10),
street varchar2(30),place varchar2(30),pincode char(6));

Table created.

SQL> insert into phonebook values(20312,'vijay','120/5D','bharathi street','NGO

colony','629002');

1 row created.

SQL> insert into phonebook values(29467,'vasanth','39D4','RK bhavan','sarakkal

vilai','629002');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from phonebook;

PHONE_NO USERNAME DOORNO STREET PLACE PINCODE

20312 vijay 120/5D bharathi street NGO colony 629002

29467 vasanth 39D4 RK bhavan sarakkal vilai 629002

SQL> create or replace function findAddress(phone in number) return varchar2 as

address varchar2(100);

begin select username||','||doorno ||','||street ||','||place||','||pincode into address from

phonebook where phone_no=phone; return address; exception
when no_data_found then return 'address not found';
end;
/
Function created.
SQL>declare 2 Addressvarchar2(100);

3 begin

4 address:=findaddress(20312);

5 dbms_output.put_line(address);

6 end;

7 /

OUTPUT :-
Vijay,120/5D,bharathi street,NGO colony,629002

7.DCL COMMANDS :-
EX.NO:7 DCL AND TCL COMMANDS

AIM :-

To write a query to perform DCL and TCL commands.

PROCEDURE :-

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Create table with necessary attributes.

Step 3: Perform DCL query like GRANT and REVOKE

Step 4: Perform TCL like SAVEPOINT,ROLLBACK and COMMIT.

Step 5: Stop.

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully .
GRANT :-

GRANT privilege_name ON object_name TO {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}

[WITH GRANTOPTION];
MySQL> GRANT SELECT ON employee TO

user1; Command Successfully Completed

REVOKE:-

REVOKE privilege_nameONobject_nameFROM{user_name|PUBLIC|rol_name}
MySQL> REVOKE SELECT ON employee FROM user1;
Command Successfully Completed

TCL(TRNSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE) :-

SQL> SAVEPOINT S1;

Savepoint created.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATIN SALARY

101 NAGARAJAN LECTURER 16000

102 SARAVANAN ASST. PROF 16000
104 CHINNI HOD, PROF 45000

SQL> INSERT INTO EMP VALUES(105,'PARTHASAR','STUDENT',100);

1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATIN SALARY

105 PARTHASAR STUDENT 100

101 NAGARAJAN LECTURER 16000
102 SARAVANAN ASST. PROF 16000

ROLL BACK:-

SQL> ROLL BACK S1;

Rollback complete.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATIN SALARY

101 NAGARAJAN LECTURER 16000

102 SARAVANAN ASST. PROF 16000
104 CHINNI HOD, PROF 45000

COMMIT :-

SQL> COMMIT;

Commit complete.

8.PROGRAM
EX.NO:8 CREATION OF DATABASE TRIGGERS

AIM :-
To create database triggers using PL/SQL code

PROCEDURE :-

STEP 1: Creates a trigger for insertion of each row.

STEP 2: Declare a cursor which contains the roll number field
STEP 3: Before insertion check of the roll number already exists in the table
STEP 4: If it exists raise an application error and display “roll no exists”.
STEP 5: Else perform insertion

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully .
SQL>create table poo(rno number(5),name varchar2(10));
Table created.

SQL>insert into poo values (01.‟kala‟);

1 row created.

SQL>select * from poo;

RNO NAME
------ ----------
1 kala
2 priya

SQL>create or replace trigger pool before insert on poo for each row
2 declare
3 rno poo.rno%type
4 cursor c is select rno from poo;
5 begin
6 open c;
7 loop;
8 fetch c into rno;
9 if:new.rno=rno then
10 raise_application_error(-20005,‟rno already exist‟);
11 end if;
12 exit when c%NOTFOUND
13 end loop;
14 close c;
15 end;
16 /
Trigger created.
OUTPUT
SQL>insert into poo values(01,‟kala‟)
Insert into poo values (01,‟kala‟)
*
ERROR at line1:
ORA-20005:rno already exist
ORA-06512:”SECONDCSEA.POOL”,line 9
ORA-04088:error during execution at trigger “SECONDCSEA.POOL”
EX.NO:9 VIEWS AND INDEX

AIM :-
To execute and verify the SQL commands for Views and Indexes.

PROCEDURE :-
STEP 1: Start
STEP 2: Create the table with its essential attributes.
STEP 3: Insert attribute values into the table.

STEP 4: Create the view from the above created table.

STEP 5: Execute different Commands and extract information from the View.
STEP 6: Stop

RESULT :-
Thus views and indexes created successfull
9.CREATION OF TABLE:-
SQL> CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE (
EMPLOYEE_NAMEVARCHAR2(10),
EMPLOYEE_NONUMBER(8),
DEPT_NAME VARCHAR2(10),

DEPT_NO NUMBER (5),

DATE_OF_JOIN DATE);

Table created.

TABLE DESCRIPTION:-
SQL> DESC EMPLOYEE;

NAME NULL? TYPE

EMPLOYEE_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
EMPLOYEE_NO NUMBER(8)
DEPT_NAME VARCHAR2(10)

DEPT_NO NUMBER(5)
DATE_OF_JOIN DATE

CREATION OF VIEW:-
SQL> CREATE VIEW EMPVIEW AS SELECT
EMPLOYEE_NAME,EMPLOYEE_NO,DEPT_NAME,DEPT_NO,DATE_OF_JOIN FROM

EMPLOYEE;

view created.

DESCRIPTION OF VIEW:-
SQL> DESC EMPVIEW;
NAME NULL? TYPE
EMPLOYEE_NAME VARCHAR2(10)

EMPLOYEE_NO NUMBER(8)
DEPT_NAME VARCHAR2(10)
DEPT_NO NUMBER(5)

DISPLAY VIEW:-
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPVIEW;
EMPLOYEE_N EMPLOYEE_NO DEPT_NAME DEPT_NO

RAVI 124 ECE 89

VIJAY 345 CSE 21
RAJ 98 IT 22
GIRI 100 CSE 67

INSERTION INTO VIEW:-

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPVIEW VALUES ('SRI', 120,'CSE', 67,'16-NOV-1981');

1 ROW CREATED.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPVIEW;
EMPLOYEE_N EMPLOYEE_NO DEPT_NAME DEPT_NO
RAVI 124 ECE 89
VIJAY 345 CSE 21

RAJ 98 IT 22
GIRI 100 CSE 67
SRI 120 CSE 67
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE;

EMPLOYEE_N EMPLOYEE_NO DEPT_NAME DEPT_NO DATE_OF_JOIN

RAVI 124 ECE 89 15-JUN-05
VIJAY 345 CSE 21 21-JUN-06
RAJ 98 IT 22 30-SEP-06
GIRI 100 CSE 67 14-NOV-81
 SRI 120 CSE 67 16-NOV-81

DELETION OF VIEW:
DELETE STATEMENT
SQL> DELETE FROM EMPVIEW WHERE EMPLOYEE_NAME='SRI';

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPVIEW;

EMPLOYEE_N EMPLOYEE_NO DEPT_NAME DEPT_NO
RAVI 124 ECE 89
VIJAY 345 CSE 21

RAJ 98 IT 22
GIRI 100 CSE 67

UPDATE STATEMENT :
SQL> UPDATE EMPKAVIVIEW SET EMPLOYEE_NAME='KAVI' WHERE
EMPLOYEE_NAME='RAVI';

1 ROW UPDATED.
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMPKAVIVIEW;
EMPLOYEE_N EMPLOYEE_NO DEPT_NAME DEPT_NO
KAVI 124 ECE 89
VIJAY 345 CSE 21

RAJ 98 IT 22
GIRI 100 CSE 67

DROP A VIEW:

SQL>DROP VIEW EMPVIEW;

VIEW DROPED
9. CREATE INDEX:
SQL> CREATE DATABASE
indexes;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

USE indexes;
Database changed

SQL>CREATE TABLE

employees (employee_id int,

first_name varchar(50),
last_name varchar(50),
device_serial varchar(15), salary int );

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

SQL>INSERT INTO employees VALUES
(1, 'John', 'Smith', 'ABC123', 60000), (2, 'Jane', 'Doe', 'DEF456', 65000),
(3, 'Bob', 'Johnson', 'GHI789', 70000), (4, 'Sally', 'Fields', 'JKL012', 75000),
(5, 'Michael', 'Smith', 'MNO345', 80000), (6, 'Emily', 'Jones', 'PQR678', 85000),

(7, 'David', 'Williams', 'STU901', 90000), (8, 'Sarah', 'Johnson', 'VWX234', 95000),
(9, 'James', 'Brown', 'YZA567', 100000);
Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.010 sec)
Records: 9 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

SQL>CREATE INDEX salary ON employees(salary);

SQL>EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary = 100000;

+++++++++++
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows |
filtered
| 1 | SIMPLE | employees | NULL | ref | salary | salary | 5 | const | 1 | 100.00 |

+++++++++++
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
EX.NO:10 XML DATABASE CREATION AND VALIDATION

AIM :-
To create a XML database file and Validate the Schema

ALGORITHM :-
Step 1 : Start

Step 2 : Open MySQL command prompt(version.5.5)

Step 3 : Create new database as bookstore and use it.
Step 4 : Create XML Schema for data values and load values
Step 5 : Validate XML using ExtractValue function.

Step 6 : Stop

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully .
10. CREATE TABLE:
CREATE TABLE person (
person_id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,

fname VARCHAR(40) NULL,

lname VARCHAR(40) NULL,
created TIMESTAMP
);

XML FILE PERSON.XML:

<list>
<personperson_id="1"fname="Kapek"lname="Sainnouine"/>

<personperson_id="2"fname="Sajon"lname="Rondela"/>
<personperson_id="3"><fname>Likame</fname><lname>Örrtmons</lname></person>
<personperson_id="4"><fname>Slar</fname><lname>Manlanth</lname></person>
<person><fieldname="person_id">5</field><fieldname="fname">Stoma</field>
<fieldname="lname">Milu</field></person>

<person><fieldname="person_id">6</field><fieldname="fname">Nirtam</field>
<fieldname="lname">Sklöd</field></person>
<personperson_id="7"><fname>Sungam</fname><lname>Dulbåd</lname></person>
<personperson_id="8"fname="Sraref"lname="Encmelt"/>

</list>

INSERT VALUES USING LOADXMLDATAFILE:

LOAD XML LOCAL INFILE 'c:/db/person.xml' //this is ths location of the xml data file
INTO TABLE person
ROWS IDENTIFIED BY '<person>';
OUTPUT :

SQL>Select * from person;

VALIDATE XML USING EXTRACTVALUE FUNCTION
SQL> SELECT ExtractValue('<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
EX.NO:11 CREATING DOCUMENT, COLUMNS & GRAPH USING NOSQL

AIM :-
To Create Document,column and Graph using NOSQL Tools.

ALGORITHM :-
Step 1: Start

Step 2: Create Database in MongoDB

Step 3: Create Collection and Document in MongoDB
Step 4: Display all document
Step 5: Stop

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully.
11.Create database in MongoDB:
>Install Mongodb shell
>Connect with localhost
>Connection string:
mongodb://localhost:27017

OUTPUT :

Create collection in MongoDB:

use <database_name> command

OUTPUT:
Create document in MongoDB
mydbnew>db.details.insertOne({"website":"mywebsite"})

OUTPUT :

Display all documents:

SQL>Db.details.find()
OUTPUT :
EX.NO:12 SIMPLE GUI APPLICATION USING DATABASE

AIM :-
To develop a program in python to implement the GUI based application

ALGORITHM :
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Import necessary files to perform database operations
Step 3: Design Login Screen with User Name and Password fields.

Step 4: Check with appropriate conditions to login.

Step 5: Stop

RESULT :-
Thus the queries were executed successfully .
12.CREATING CHART USING SAMPLE DATA:-
PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Log into MongoDB Atlas.

To access the MongoDB Charts application, you must be logged into Atlas
Step 2: Select your desired Atlas project, or create a new project.
If you have an Atlas Project with clusters containing data you wish to visualize,
Step 3: Select the project from the Context dropdown in the left navigation pane.
Step 4: Create an Atlas cluster. The MongoDB Charts application makes it easy to connect

Collections in your cluster asdata sources. Data sources reference specific

collections and charts views that you can access in the Chart Builder to visualize
the data in those collections or charts views.
Step 5: Launch the MongoDB Charts application. In Atlas, click Charts in the navigation bar.

Step 6: Choose data from clusters

OUTPUT :
PROGRAM :-

import tkinter as tk

import mysql.connector
from tkinter import *
def submitact():
user = Username.get()
passw = password.get()
print(f"The name entered by you is {user} {passw}")
logintodb(user, passw)
def logintodb(user, passw):
# If password is enetered by the

# user
if passw:
db = mysql.connector.connect(host ="localhost", user = user,
 password = passw, db ="College")
cursor = db.cursor()
# If no password is enetered by the

# user
else:
db = mysql.connector.connect(host ="localhost", user = user,
db ="College")

cursor = db.cursor()
# A Table in the database
savequery = "select * from STUDENT"
try:

cursor.execute(savequery)
myresult = cursor.fetchall()
# Printing the result of the
# query
for x in myresult:

print(x)
print("Query Executed successfully")
except:
db.rollback()

print("Error occurred")
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("300x300")
root.title("DBMS Login Page")

# Defining the first row

lblfrstrow = tk.Label(root, text ="Username -", )
lblfrstrow.place(x = 50, y = 20)
Username = tk.Entry(root, width = 35)

Username.place(x = 150, y = 20, width = 100)

lblsecrow = tk.Label(root, text ="Password -")
lblsecrow.place(x = 50, y = 50)
password = tk.Entry(root, width = 35)

password.place(x = 150, y = 50, width = 100)

submitbtn = tk.Button(root, text ="Login",
bg ='blue', command = submitact)
submitbtn.place(x = 150, y = 135, width = 55)

root.mainloop()

OUTPUT :
13. ER diagram of Bank Management System :-

ER diagram is known as Entity-Relationship diagram. It is used to analyze to structure of

the Database. It shows relationships between entities and their attributes. An ER model
provides a means of communication.

ER diagram of Bank has the following description :

• Banks are identified by a name, code, address of main office.

• Bank have Customer

• Banks have branches.

• Branches are identified by a branch_no., branch_name, address.

• Customers are identified by name, cust-id, phone number, address.

• Customer can have one or more accounts.

• Accounts are identified by account_no., acc_type, balance.

• Customer can avail loans.

• Loans are identified by loan_id, loan_type and amount.

• Account and loans are related to bank’s branch.

Entities and their Attributes are :

• Bank Entity : Attributes of Bank Entity are Bank Name, Code and Address.

Code is Primary Key for Bank Entity.

• Customer Entity : Attributes of Customer Entity are Customer_id, Name,
Phone Number and Address.
Customer_id is Primary Key for Customer Entity.
• Branch Entity : Attributes of Branch Entity are Branch_id, Name and
Address.
Branch_id is Primary Key for Branch Entity.
• Account Entity : Attributes of Account Entity are Account_number,
Account_Type and Balance.
Account_number is Primary Key for Account Entity.
 • Loan
Entity : Attributes of Loan Entity are Loan_id, Loan_Type and
Amount.
Loan_id is Primary Key for Loan Entity.

This bank ER diagram illustrates key information about bank, including entities such as
branches, customers, accounts, and loans. It allows us to understand the relationships
between entities.

ER Diagram of Bank Management System :-

RELATION:

Bank has Branches => 1 : N

One Bank can have many Branches but one Branch can not belong to
many Banks, so the relationship between Bank and Branch is one to many
relationship.

Branch maintain Accounts => 1 : N

One Branch can have many Accounts but one Account can not belong to
many Branches, so the relationship between Branch and Account is one
to many relationship.

Branch offer Loans => 1 : N

One Branch can have many Loans but one Loan can not belong to many
Branches, so the relationship between Branch and Loan is one to many
relationship.

Account held by Customers => M : N

One Customer can have more than one Accounts and also One Account
can be held by one or more Customers, so the relationship between
Account and Customers is many to many relationship.
Loan availed by Customer => M : N
(Assume loan can be jointly held by many Customers).
One Customer can have more than one Loans and also One Loan can be
availed by one or more Customers, so the relationship between Loan and
Customers is many to many relationship.
NORMALIZATION PROCESS :-

Database normalization is a stepwise formal process that allows us to

decompose database tables in such a way that both data dependency and
update anomalies are minimized. It makes use of functional dependency that
exists in the table and primary key or candidate key in analyzing the tables.
Normal forms were initially proposed called First Normal Form (INF), Second
Normal Form (2NF), and Third Normal Form (3NF). Subsequently, R, Boyce, and
E. F. Codd introduced a stronger definition of 3NF called Boyce-Codd Normal
Form. With the exception of 1NF, all these normal forms are based on
functional dependency among the attributes of a table. Higher normal forms
that go beyond BCNF were introduced later such as Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
and Fifth Normal Form (5NF). However, these later normal forms deal with
situations that are very rare.
TRIGGERS :-

CREATE TRIGGER update_account AFTER INSERTON transactions BEGIN

UPDATE accounts a SETa.balance=
(CASE WHEN new.withdrawal=1 THEN a.balance-new.amount ELSE
a.balance+new.amountEND) WHERE a.id = new.accountID; END;
pseudocode, Represents

• If the transaction is a deposit, add the money

• If the transaction is a withdrawal, check if it is discretionary
• If it is discretionary, remove from the balance and the allowance
remaining If it is not, remove only from the balance.

ACID properties in DBMS :-

To ensure the integrity and consistency of data during a transaction (A transaction is a unit
of program that updates various data items, read more about it here), the database system
maintains four properties. These properties are widely known as ACID properties.

Atomicity :-
This property ensures that either all the operations of a transaction reflect in database or
none.
The logic here is simple, transaction is a single unit, it can’t execute partially. Either it
executes completely or it doesn’t, there shouldn’t be a partial execution.

Let’s take an example of banking system to understand this:

Suppose Account A has a balance of 400$ & B has 700$. Account A is transferring 100$ to
Account B.
This is a transaction that has two operations a) Debiting 100$ from A’s balance
b) Creating 100$ to B’s balance.

Let’s say first operation passed successfully while second failed, in this case A’s balance
would be 300$ while B would be having 700$ instead of 800$. This is unacceptable in a
banking system. Either the transaction should fail without executing any of the operation or
it should process both the operations. The Atomicity property ensures that.

There are two key operations are involved in a transaction to maintain the atomicity of the
transaction.
Abort: If there is a failure in the transaction, abort the execution and rollback the changes
made by the transaction. Commit: If transaction executes successfully, commit the changes
to the database.

Consistency :-

Database must be in consistent state before and after the execution of the transaction. This
ensures that there are no errors in the database at any point of time. Application
programmer is responsible for maintaining the consistency of the database.

Example:
A transferring 1000 dollars to B. A’s initial balance is 2000 and B’s initial balance is 5000.
Before the transaction:
Total of A+B = 2000 + 5000 = 7000$

After the transaction:

Total of A+B = 1000 + 6000 = 7000$

The data is consitendct before and after the execution of the transaction so this example
maintains the consistency property of the database.
Isolation:-

A transaction shouldn’t interfere with the execution of another transaction. To preserve the
consistency of database, the execution of transaction should take place in isolation (that
means no other transaction should run concurrently when there is a transaction already
running).

For example account A is having a balance of 400$ and it is transferring 100$ to account B &
C both. So we have two transactions here. Let’s say these transactions run concurrently and
both the transactions read 400$ balance, in that case the final balance of A would be 300$
instead of 200$. This is wrong.
If the transaction were to run in isolation then the second transaction would have read the
correct balance 300$ (before debiting 100$) once the first transaction went successful.

Durability:-

Once a transaction completes successfully, the changes it has made into the database
should be permanent even if there is a system failure. The recovery-management
component of database systems ensures the durability of transaction.

STORED PROCEDURE :-

CREATE PROCEDURE [bank].[GetTransactions]

-- Add the parameters for the stored procedure here
@AccountID int = 0,
@StartDate datetime = 0,
@EndDate datetime = 0

AS
BEGIN
-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from -- interfering with SELECT
statements.
SET NOCOUNT ON;

-- Insert statements for procedure here SELECT * from bank.Transactions

WHERE AccountID = @AccountID AND [Date] BETWEEN @StartDate AND @EndDate END

Second, here's the EXEC statment:

EXEC bank.GetTransactions
@AccountID = 100000,
@StartDate = '4/1/2007',
@EndDate = '4/30/2007'