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    Transportation Engineering Activity

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    Transportation Engineering Activity

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    20 views5 pages

    Module No. 1

    Uploaded by

    Mary Ann Toni N. Rasonabe
    Transportation Engineering Activity

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Republic of the Philippines

    BOHOL ISLAND STATE UNIVERSITY -


    Main Campus
    College of Engineering and Architecture
    6300ofTagbilaran
    Vision: A premier Science and Technology University for the formation Cityhuman resource for sustainable development in Bohol and the
    world class and virtual
    country
    Mission: BISU is committed to provide quality higher education in the arts and sciences, as well as in the professional and technological fields; undertake research
    and development and extension services for the sustainable development of Bohol and the country.
    SUBJECT: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS PLUS
    INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. SHEILAMAE S. BERSANO
    TOPIC: Introduction to Transportation Planning & Engineering

    Introduction:

    TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

     Is the application of technology and scientific principles to


     Planning
     functional safety
     operation & management of facilities for any mode of transportation in order to
    provide
     Safe
     Efficient
     Rapid
     Comfortable
     Convenient
     Economical
     Environmentally compatible movement of people and goods

     It is a branch of civil engineering profession that is involved in planning, design, operation and
    maintenance of safe and efficient transportation systems.

     under this discipline are the following


     Highway Engineering
     Railway Engineering
     Port & Harbor Engineering
     Airport Engineering

    Modes of Transportation

    1. Roadway/Highway

     a transportation on land
     it consist the modern highway as well as city streets, feeder roads & Village Roads
    catering for a big range of vehicles, and the pedestrians
     with various types of vehicles and with many rules and safety regulations and policies
     this is the only mode which is giving maximum service to one and all
     it is possible to provide door to door service only by road transport

    2. Railways

     a steel track laid on the ground over which the trains move is known as railways.
     maintenance is more costly compared to roadways
     It has been used for long as well as short distances and also for urban travels
     for longer distances, railways transportation is more effective and advantageous than
    highways
    3. Airways

     In the airways, air crafts and helicopters are used


     Air system of transportation is one of the fastest system
     it provides comfort and also saves time to the passengers
     more costly compared to all other modes of transportation

    4. Waterways

     the transportation by water is the slowest among the four modes


     this mode of transportation uses oceans, rivers, canals and lakes for the movement
    of boats and ships.

    TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

     Is the preparation of transportation systems such as highways and traffic facilities


     it is necessary for civil engineering company to ensure that these hazards and conditions
    are routinely fixed and are made up to standard to guarantee safety of those on the road
     Forecasting/prediction of the condition of the traffic network system over a certain period of
    time to plan ahead possible mitigation or contingency plan.

    PURPOSE OF PLANNING

    1. Identify multiple options, problems, and solutions to a transportation system


    2.Optimization of existing transportation systems and structural design
    3.Guarantee the safety and efficiency of the delivery of persons, goods and services
    4.address current and future transportation, land use, economic development, traffic demand,
    public safety, health and social needs

    OBJECTIVES OF PLANNING

    1.Traffic congestion reduction


    2.Parking Cost Savings
    3.Consumer Savings and Affordability
    4.Improve mobility for non-drivers
    5.Improve Safety
    6.Energy Conservation
    7.Air, Noise, and Water pollution reduction
    8.Habitat protection
    9.Support local economic development
    10. Improve public fitness and health (from increased walking & cycling)

    4 MAIN STAGES OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

    1. Transportation Survey, data collection and analysis

     This includes all the different types of available data gathered for transportation
    such as journey behavior patterns, nature and intensity of traffic, freight structure,
    costs and benefits like income and employment estimates, etc.
     The comprehensive knowledge of traffic flows and patterns within the area is
    essential.
     Aside from traffic data, planners also require the land use and population data for
    the study area
     Travel patterns should be divided into zones so that the origins and destinations
    can be geographically monitored.
     The data collection involves different types of interviews

    1. Road side interview variables


     day and date of journey
     Vehicle type and occupancy
     Origin and destination journey
     Origin starting date
     Goods carried and their weight (Commercial Vehicle)
    2. Home interview variables
     day and date of journey
     Origin address and time
     Destination address and time
     Journey purpose
     Mode of travel
     Ticket or parking cost
    3. Household Variables
     Number of persons, their age and sex composition and family
    relationships
     Economic activity status of persons and their occupations
     Vehicle ownership
     Tenure and property type
     Household Income
    When data processing is complete, planners can now begin their data analysis

    2. Use of Transportation Model

     This transportation model is a process a data analysis where it is a key to predicting


    future travel demands and network needs and is derived in four recognized stages
    such as:

     TRIP GENERATION – number of trips within a zone

     TRIP DISTRIBUTION – number of trips from one zone to another

     MODEL SPLIT – number of trips in different modes of transport

     TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT – estimates the volume of traffic of every route in


    network

    3. Future Land use forecasts and alternative policy strategies

     Land use forecast is ideally based on existing and future land developments. This
    is essential on transportation planning since travel demands are variable to the type
    of area, population, commercial demands, etc. especially for urban planning
    developments. Trips are made due to necessities of an individual according to his
    purpose. Planning is made in a long term either 10 to 30 year prediction.

     Travel demand forecasting is necessary to predict the volumes of traffic in every


    network as the population grows and provide solutions or policy to manage the
    traffic when congestion is inevitable in the future.

     These two forecasting methods were likely based on the result of transportation
    models used during the data analysis.

    The most important variables in this stage are:

     Population – its size, age structure and distribution


     Employment – as the journey to work is the greatest travel demand
     Personal income and expenditure
    The above groups of variables have a compound influence upon the overall level of
    demand for travel at some future date. Further complications arise when their impact upon
    the spatial pattern of this demand is assessed. So, forecasts of population and economic
    variables are an important input into the use of the transportation model for forecasting
    future travel demands.

    4. Policy and Evaluation

     The final stage of the transportation planning process is one of evaluating the
    alternative policies, which have been suggested. The evaluation stage is the most
    important of all since here lies the economic impacts of the said planning. An
    economic evaluation of transport proposals is necessary because vehicle-km and road
    space are commodities, which are not directly bought and sold.

     The technique of cost benefit analysis has consequently evolved as an investment


    criterion in the public sector. As such, it provides an economic evaluation.

     On the cost side of the calculation, estimates are made for capital outlay, land
    purchase and maintenance.

     The benefits are those accruing to users, e.g., savings in time, vehicle operation and
    accidents

     The individual cost and benefits are assessed over a particular number of years and
    discounted back to the base year so that a rate of return can be calculated.

     On the basis of transportation plan, transport policies should be formulated and


    implemented properly so that systematic sustainable development of transport can
    be done.

    TRANSPORT POLICY

     Nowadays, every country is particular regarding the planned development of


    transport system, thus, they formulate their own transport policy, which depends
    upon their needs and resources.

     The nature of transport policy varies with time and space. In formulating
    transport policy, one should take into consideration the coordination and
    competition.

     Coordination involves the relationship between two or more different modes of


    transport

     Competition has occurs as a consequence of the public/private sector


    interaction

    TRANSPORTATION SAFETY

     It is a required factor in the planning process and transportation planners are


    key partners ensuring that safety is an integral component of all planning
    processes.

     With knowledge and understanding of safety and safety planning, transportation


    planners can enhance collaboration, communication and coordination with their
    safety specialist partners to achieve the goal of reducing serious injuries and
    fatalities.

     The goal of safety planning is to reduce fatalities and serious injuries on all
    public roads
    THE 4 E’S OF SAFETY

    1. ENGINEERING: Engineers play a critical role in identifying and


    recommending solutions to address safety performance of the transportation
    infrastructure

    2. ENFORCEMENT: Law enforcement personnel generally are responsible for


    collecting crash data, traffic law enforcement, behavioral safety campaigns,
    and sharing information with transportation professionals

    3. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES: This group includes first responders


    and paramedics, fire and rescue personnel, law enforcement, Department of
    transportation (DOT) personnel, and tow truck operators.

    4. EDUCATION: Highway users are not always aware of the risks associated
    with their behaviors so proper knowledge and education of the use of
    highway and safety along the way is highly recommended for all.

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