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    4 views6 pages

    CS Se BCS21016-DFD

    Uploaded by

    Saliha Batool

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 6

    Name: Kinza Iftikhar BCS21016

    Data Flow Diagram


    1. What is Data Flow Diagram?
    A Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a visual representation of the information flows within a
    system. It uses a set of defined symbols that each represent the people and processes
    needed to correctly transmit data within a system.
    The objective of a DFD is to show the scope and boundaries of a system as a whole. It
    may be used as a communication tool between a system analyst and any person who
    plays a part in the order that acts as a starting point for redesigning a system. The DFD
    is also called as a data flow graph or bubble chart.

    2. What are the rules of a data flow diagram?


    There are a few rules to keep in mind when creating a data flow diagram that’ll help you
    make sure your visualization is clear, consistent-looking, and accurate.
     Directionality
    Make sure your data flows in one direction — from the input to the output.
     Connectivity
    Every flow of data should lead to either a process or a data store. This makes
    sure that your data has a clearly defined source and destination.
     Naming conventions
    When labeling processes, data stores, data flows, and external entities, keep
    your naming consistent and clear. This helps make your data flow diagram easy
    to understand for teammates and stakeholders.
     Process hierarchy
    When representing different processes within a system, establish a clear
    hierarchy to differentiate broader functions from more intricate ones. This helps
    simplify the system’s complexity while clearly depicting a logical flow.
    3. What are the Standard symbols for DFDs?
    Standard symbols for DFDs are derived from the electric circuit diagram analysis and
    are shown in fig:

    4. Why we use a data flow diagram?


    Data flow diagrams were originally used to show data flow in a computer system. But
    today, they are used in different stages of ideation and design in various industries.
    They are particularly beneficial to companies that rely heavily on data and information.
    The following are examples of where data flow diagrams are put to use:
    Software engineering:
    Software engineers use data flow diagrams to design software foundations and
    architecture before getting into the coding stage of software development. These
    diagrams also help as an ongoing system analysis tool to measure the progress of and
    implement improvements to a system.
    Business management:
    Management must fully understand the processes that make their company successful.
    A data flow diagram is a useful tool for designing more agile processes and generally
    improving a company's processes. It can be used to streamline the everyday systems
    and workflow of a business.
    Database development:
    In today’s digital era, almost every business has an online component that relies on a
    complex database structure to house users’ information. Data flow diagrams help to
    map out and plot the movement and storing of data within these online databases. In a
    world where cyber security and data protection are key, data flow diagrams create a
    clear pathway for developers and businesses to follow.

    5. What are the limitations of Data Flow Diagram?


     A data flow diagram may become complex and difficult to understand if there are
    too many elements or processes involved.
     It may be time-consuming to create and maintain a data flow diagram.
     It may not provide sufficient detail about the processes or data being
    represented.
     It may not accurately reflect the dynamic nature of a system or process.
    6. Example of Data Flow Diagram.

    0 Level Diagram:
    A 0 level diagram gives an overview and it is the highest level in a data flow diagram,
    containing only one process representing the entire system. It should be split into
    major processes which give greater detail and each major process may further split to
    give more detail.

    Figure 1: 0 Level Diagram


    Level 1 DFD:
    Processes in diagram 0 (with a whole number) can be exploded further to represent
    details of the processing activities. Example below shows the next level ((Diagram 1) of
    process explosion.

    Figure 2: Level 1 Diagram

    Level 2 DFD:
    If a process with a lot of data flow linking between a few external entities, we could first
    extract that particular process and the associated external entities into a separate
    diagram similar to a context diagram, before you refine the process into a separate level
    of DFD; and by this way you can ensure the consistency between them much easier.

    Figure 3: Level 2 Diagram

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