Architectural Draughtsman - CTS2.0 - NSQF-4

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GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

MINISTRY OF SKILL DEVELOPMENT & ENTREPRENEURSHIP


DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TRAINING

COMPETENCY BASED CURRICULUM

ARCHITECTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN
(Duration: Two Years)
Revised in July 2022
CRAFTSMEN TRAINING SCHEME (CTS)

NSQF LEVEL - 4

SECTOR – CONSTRUCTION
ARCHITECTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN
(Engineering Trade)

(Revised in July 2022)

Version: 2.0

CRAFTSMEN TRAINING SCHEME (CTS)

NSQF LEVEL - 4

Developed By

Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship


Directorate General of Training
CENTRAL STAFF TRAINING AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
EN-81, Sector-V, Salt Lake City,
Kolkata – 700 091
www.cstaricalcutta.gov.in
CONTENTS

S No. Topics Page No.

1. Course Information 1

2. Training System 2

3. Job Role 6

4. General Information 7

5. Learning Outcome 9

6. Assessment Criteria 11

7. Trade Syllabus 22

8. Annexure I (List of Trade Tools & Equipment) 41


Architectural Draughtsman
1. COURSE INFORMATION

During the two years duration a candidate is trained on subjects viz. Professional
Skill, Professional Knowledge and Employability Skills related to job role. In addition to this a
candidate is entrusted to make/do project work and Extra Curricular Activities to build up
confidence. The practical skills are imparted in simple to complex manner & simultaneously
theory subject is taught in the same fashion to apply cognitive knowledge while executing
task. The practical part starts with Architectural symbols, simple geometrical drawing and
finally ends with designing Doors, Windows, Stairs, designing of Residential / office building
in CAD, 3D in sketch-up software, Working drawing, Rendering in Photoshop, Preparation of
3D model and BOQ using BIM software like Revit, etc. The broad components covered under
Professional Skill subject are as below:

FIRST YEAR: The first year starts with Importance of trade training and professional
prospects, Importance of safety and general precautions. The practical training starts with
Free hand sketching, Lettering, basic drawing (consisting geometrical figure, Architectural
symbols & representations). Later the drawing skills imparted on drawing of projections,
drawing of stone and brick masonry, foundation, Carpentry Joints, Doors, Windows, Lintels,
Arches. Trainees are introduced with CAD and then they are entrusted to practice drawings
with CAD. Drawing of Damp proof Course (DPC), Projection of Solids in inclined positions,
Section of solids, Residential building Design, Stairs, Floors and flooring, Surface
Development, Final site plan with landscape are being taught in the practical. From this year
trainees make drawings in CAD. Apart from practical components the trainees are being
taught of History of architecture - Egyptian architecture, Greek architecture, Roman
architecture and Indian architecture and related theory to practical in theory class.

SECOND YEAR: Design of single/ double storied Residential building /Post office/ farm
house, project in 3D sketch up, drawing of Special doors & windows, Roof and roof
coverings, final design of plans rendered with furniture layout, Final site plan with landscape
elements rendered, working drawing showing all dimensions of rooms and column grids
with door window schedule and details, all four elevations with floor heights, lintel heights,
sill heights and details, Section through staircase or toilet with complete details in the
practical and related theory to practical in theory class are being taught in this year. Project
like small scale residential apartment/primary school/small office design, Joints in structure
using CAD, Preparation of 3D model and BOQ using BIM software like Revit, etc. , Rendering
in Photoshop, Compilation and final submission of Project work in the practical and related
theory to practical, Climatic responsive design, Energy conservation, Green Architecture /
sustainable architecture in theory class being taught in this year.

Professional Knowledge subject is simultaneously taught in the same fashion to


apply cognitive knowledge while executing task.

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Architectural Draughtsman
2. TRAINING SYSTEM
2.1 GENERAL

The Directorate General of Training (DGT) under Ministry of Skill Development &
Entrepreneurship offers a range of vocational training courses catering to the need of
different sectors of the economy/ labour market. The vocational training programs are
delivered under the aegis of Directorate General of Training (DGT). Craftsman Training
Scheme (CTS) with variants and Apprenticeship Training Scheme (ATS) are two pioneer
programs of DGT for propagating vocational training.

Architectural Draughtsman trade under CTS is one of the popular courses is


delivered nationwide through network of ITIs, NVTIs and RVTIs. The course is of two years
duration. It mainly consists of Domain area and Core area. The Domain area (Trade Theory
& Practical) imparts professional skills and knowledge, while Core area (Employability Skills)
impart requisite core skill, knowledge and life skills. After passing out the training program,
the trainee is awarded National Trade Certificate (NTC) by DGT which is recognized
worldwide.

Broadly candidates need to demonstrate that they are able to:

 Read & interpret technical parameters/documentation, plan and organize work


processes, identify necessary materials and tools;
 Perform work with due consideration to safety rules, Govt. Bye laws and
environmental protection stipulations;
 Apply professional knowledge, core skills & employability skills while performing the
work.
 Produce sketches as per requirements of clients.
 Document the technical parameters related to the work undertaken.

2.2 PROGRESSION PATHWAYS

 Can join industry as Technician and will progress further as Senior Technician,
Supervisor and can rise to the level of Manager.
 Can become Entrepreneur in the related field.
 Can appear in 10+2 examination through National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)
for acquiring higher secondary certificate and can go further for General/ Technical
education.
 Can take admission in diploma course in notified branches of Engineering by lateral
entry.
 Can join Apprenticeship programme in different types of industries leading to
National Apprenticeship certificate (NAC).

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Architectural Draughtsman

 Can join Crafts Instructor Training Scheme (CITS) in the trade for becoming instructor
in ITIs.
 Can join Advanced Diploma (Vocational) courses under DGT as applicable.

2.3 COURSE STRUCTURE

Table below depicts the distribution of training hours across various course elements
during a period of two years: -

Notional Training Hours


S No. Course Element
1st Year 2nd Year
1 Professional Skill (Trade Practical) 840 840
2 Professional Knowledge (Trade Theory) 240 300
3 Employability Skills 120 60

Total 1200 1200

Every year 150 hours of mandatory OJT (On the Job Training) at industry, wherever
not available then group project is mandatory.

4 On the Job Training (OJT)/ Group Project 150 150

Trainees of one-year or two-year trade can also opt for optional courses of up to 240 hours
in each year for 10th/ 12th class certificate along with ITI certification or add on short term
courses.

2.4 ASSESSMENT & CERTIFICATION

The trainee will be tested for his skill, knowledge and attitude during the period of
course through formative assessment and at the end of the training programme through
summative assessment as notified by the DGT from time to time.

a) The Continuous Assessment (Internal) during the period of training will be done by
Formative Assessment Method by testing for assessment criteria listed against learning
outcomes. The training institute has to maintain an individual trainee portfolio as detailed in
assessment guideline. The marks of internal assessment will be as per the formative
assessment template provided on www.bharatskills.gov.in

b) The final assessment will be in the form of summative assessment method. The All India
Trade Test for awarding NTC will be conducted by Controller of examinations, DGT as per
the guidelines. The pattern and marking structure are being notified by DGT from time to
time. The learning outcome and assessment criteria will be the basis for setting question

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Architectural Draughtsman

papers for final assessment. The examiner during final examination will also check the
individual trainee’s profile as detailed in assessment guideline before giving marks for
practical examination.
2.4.1 PASS REGULATION
For the purposes of determining the overall result, weightage of 100% is applied for six
months and one-year duration courses and 50% weightage is applied to each examination
for two years courses. The minimum pass percent for Trade Practical and Formative
assessment is 60% & for all other subjects is 33%.

2.4.2 ASSESSMENT GUIDELINE

Appropriate arrangements should be made to ensure that there will be no artificial


barriers to assessment. The nature of special needs should be taken into account while
undertaking the assessment. Due consideration should be given while assessing for
teamwork, avoidance/reduction of scrap/wastage and disposal of scrap/waste as per
procedure, behavioral attitude, sensitivity to the environment and regularity in training. The
sensitivity towards OSHE and self-learning attitude are to be considered while assessing
competency.
Assessment will be evidence based comprising some of the following:
 Job carried out in labs/workshop
 Record book/ daily diary
 Answer sheet of assessment
 Viva-voce
 Progress chart
 Attendance and punctuality
 Assignment
 Project work
 Computer based multiple choice question examination
 Practical Examination
Evidences and records of internal (Formative) assessments are to be preserved until
forthcoming examination for audit and verification by examining body. The following
marking pattern to be adopted for formative assessment:

Performance Level Evidence


(a) Marks in the range of 60%-75% to be allotted during assessment
For performance in this grade, the candidate  Demonstration of good skill in the use
should produce work which demonstrates of hand tools, machine tools and
attainment of an acceptable standard of workshop equipment.
craftsmanship with occasional guidance, and  60-70% accuracy achieved while
due regard for safety procedures and undertaking different work with those

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Architectural Draughtsman

practices demanded by the component/job.


 A fairly good level of neatness and
consistency in the finish.
 Occasional support in completing the
project/job.
(b) Marks in the range of 75%-90% to be allotted during assessment
For this grade, a candidate should produce  Good skill levels in the use of hand
work which demonstrates attainment of a tools, machine tools and workshop
reasonable standard of craftsmanship, with equipment.
little guidance, and regard for safety  70-80% accuracy achieved while
procedures and practices undertaking different work with those
demanded by the component/job.
 A good level of neatness and
consistency in the finish.
 Little support in completing the
project/job.
(c) Marks in the range of more than 90% to be allotted during assessment
For performance in this grade, the candidate,  High skill levels in the use of hand tools,
with minimal or no support in organization machine tools and workshop
and execution and with due regard for safety equipment.
procedures and practices, has produced work  Above 80% accuracy achieved while
which demonstrates attainment of a high undertaking different work with those
standard of craftsmanship. demanded by the component/job.
 A high level of neatness and
consistency in the finish.
 Minimal or no support in completing
the project.

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Architectural Draughtsman
3. JOB ROLE

Architectural Draughtsman; Prepares drawings of buildings, parks, gardens, monuments


etc. from sketches, designs or data for construction. Studies notes, sketches and other
engineering data of buildings, parks, gardens, monuments, etc. to be constructed. Draws
sketches of required construction according to directions of Architect to suit purpose and
environment; alters them if directed and get them approved by him. Draws to scale
drawings according to approved sketches showing plan, elevations, settings, arrangements
etc. as necessary. May trace drawing and make blueprints. May prepare architectural
designs, may prepare estimate schedules for material and labour. May prepare perspectives
designs and render them in colour of monochrome. May prepare model of constructions
work. May work as Draughtsman Civil.

Reference NCO Code-2015: 3118.0100 - Architectural Draughtsman

Reference NOS: --
i) HCS/N0802
ii) HCS/N05202
iii) HCS/N9401
iv) HCS/N9402
v) HCS/N9403
vi) HCS/N9421
vii) HCS/N9422
viii) HCS/N9423
ix) HCS/N9424
x) HCS/N9425
xi) HCS/N9426
xii) HCS/N9427
xiii) HCS/N9404
xiv)HCS/N9405
xv) HCS/N9406
xvi)HCS/N9407
xvii) HCS/N9408
xviii) HCS/N9409
xix)HCS/N9410
xx) HCS/N9411
xxi)HCS/N9412
xxii) HCS/N9413
xxiii) HCS/N9414
xxiv) HCS/N9415

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Architectural Draughtsman

4. GENERAL INFORMATION

Name of the Trade ARCHITECTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN

Trade Code DGT/1071

NCO - 2015 3118.0100


HCS/N0802,HCS/N05202,HCS/N9401,HCS/N9402,HCS/N9403
HCS/N9421,HCS/N9422,HCS/N9423,HCS/N9424,HCS/N9425
NOS Covered HCS/N9426,HCS/N9427,HCS/N9404,HCS/N9405,HCS/N9406,HCS/N9407
HCS/N9408,HCS/N9409,HCS/N9410,HCS/N9411,HCS/N9412,HCS/N9413
HCS/N9414,HCS/N9415
NSQF Level Level-4
Duration of
Two Years (2400 hours + 300 hours OJT/Group Project)
Craftsmen Training
Passed 10th class examination with Science and Mathematics or with
Entry Qualification
vocational subject in same sector or its equivalent.
Minimum Age 14 years as on first day of academic session.

Eligibility for PwD LD, CP, LC, DW, AA, LV, DEAF, AUTISM, SLD, MD

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Architectural Draughtsman

Unit Strength 24 (There is no separate provision of supernumerary seats)

Space Norms 80 sq. m

Power Norms 6 KW

Instructors Qualification for


1. Architectural B.Voc/Degree in Architecture from AICTE/UGC recognized Engineering
Draughtsman College/ university with one-year experience in the relevant field.
Trade OR
03 years Diploma in Architecture from AICTE/ recognized board of
technical education or relevant Advanced Diploma (Vocational) from
DGT with two years’ experience in the relevant field.
OR
NTC/NAC passed in the trade of "Architectural Draughtsman" with three
years’ experience in the relevant field.

Essential Qualification:
Relevant Regular/ RPL variants of National Craft Instructor Certificate
(NCIC) under DGT.

NOTE:- Out of two Instructors required for the unit of 2(1+1), one must
have Degree/Diploma and other must have NTC/NAC qualifications.
However, both of them must possess NCIC in any of its variants.
2. Workshop B.Voc/Degree in Engineering from AICTE/UGC recognized Engineering
Calculation & College/ university with one-year experience in the relevant field.
Science OR
03 years Diploma in Engineering from AICTE / recognized board of
technical education or relevant Advanced Diploma (Vocational) from
DGT with two years’ experience in the relevant field.
OR
NTC/ NAC in any one of the engineering trades with three years’
experience.

Essential Qualification:
Regular / RPL variants of National Craft Instructor Certificate (NCIC) in
relevant trade
OR
Regular / RPL variants NCIC in RoDA or any of its variants under DGT
3. Employability MBA/ BBA / Any Graduate/ Diploma in any discipline with Two years’
Skill experience with short term ToT Course in Employability Skills.
(Must have studied English/ Communication Skills and Basic Computer
at 12th / Diploma level and above)

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Architectural Draughtsman

OR
Existing Social Studies Instructors in ITIs with short term ToT Course in
Employability.
4. Minimum Age for 21 Years
Instructor
Tools and As per Annexure-I
Equipment

Note: Institutes having centralized computer Lab may utilize the same infrastructure for computer
related training. However, for institutes where such facility is not available a separate computer
Lab is required.

5. LEARNING OUTCOME

Learning outcomes are a reflection of total competencies of a trainee and assessment


will be carried out as per the assessment criteria.

5.1 LEARNING OUTCOMES (TRADE SPECIFIC)

FIRST YEAR

1. Draw different types of architectural symbols following safety precautions.


(NOS:HCS/N0802)
2. Draw different types free hand sketches and different type of letterings.
(NOS:HCS/N0802)
3. Draw different types of plane geometry. (NOS:HCS/N0802)
4. Draw orthographic projections. (NOS:HCS/N0802)
5. Draw different sizes of Bricks and Brick Masonry. (NOS:HCS/N0802)

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Architectural Draughtsman

6. Draw different types of Stone Masonry. (NOS:HCS/N0802)


7. Draw different types of Foundation. (NOS:HCS/N0802)
8. Draw different Carpentry Joints. (NOS:HCS/N0802)
9. Draw different types of Wooden Doors and Windows. (NOS:HCS/N0802)
10. Draw different types of Lintels. (NOS:HCS/N0802)
11. Draw different types of Arches. (NOS:HCS/N0802)
12. Draft in CAD. (NOS:HCS/N05202)
13. Draw details of Damp proof Course (DPC) and Water Proofing Treatment at different
locations. (NOS:HCS/N9401)
14. Draw plan, elevation and side view of Solids in inclined positions and Section of
Solids. (NOS:HCS/N9402)
15. Illustrate design procedure of Residential Building. (NOS:HCS/N9403)
16. Draw plan, elevation and section through toilet of the residential building and the
site plan with landscape. (NOS:HCS/N9421)
17. Draw typical vertical section of an external wall of two storied load bearing structure
and RCC framed structure. (NOS:HCS/N9422)
18. Draw Plan, elevation and Construction Details of different types of stairs.
(NOS:HCS/N9423)
19. Draw different types of flooring details. (NOS:HCS/N9424)
20. Produce final project work applying advance CAD commands and File management.
(NOS:HCS/N9425)
21. Surface Development of geometrical solids. (NOS:HCS/N9426)
22. Demonstrate basic mathematical concept and principles to perform practical
operations. Understand and explain basic science in the field of study.
(NOS:HCS/N9427)

SECOND YEAR

23. Illustrate Design-Concept and visualization of design. Topic: Residential (single/


double storied), Post office, Farmhouse. (NOS:HCS/N9404)
24. Draw sanction drawing with local authority bye laws. (NOS:HCS/N9405)
25. Preliminary drawing of the Design project in AUTOCAD. (NOS:HCS/N05202)
26. Read and Interpret structural drawing. (NOS:HCS/N9406)
27. Draw 3 D model by sketch up software along with rendering, walkthrough, animated
view. (NOS:HCS/N9407)
28. Draw details of different types of doors. (NOS:HCS/N05202)
29. Draw details of different types of windows. (NOS:HCS/N05202)
30. Draw details of roofs and roof covering. (NOS:HCS/N05202)

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Architectural Draughtsman

31. Prepare final design drawings in AUTOCAD. (NOS:HCS/N05202)


32. Draw working drawing set to the site to execution. (NOS:HCS/N9408)
33. Draw the Anthropometrics & ergonomics of commercial building. (NOS:HCS/N9409)
34. Draw Standard sizes of outdoor movements like swimming pool, basketball court,
badminton court, play area etc. (NOS:HCS/N9410)
35. Prepare design and the site plan with landscape of Residential Apartment/primary
school in AUTOCAD. (NOS:HCS/N05202)
36. Draw joints in structures (viz. Details of construction joints at various positions,
Details of expansion joints in walls, roof). (NOS:HCS/N9411)
37. Prepare 3D model and BOQ using BIM software (REVIT ARCHITECTURE).
(NOS:HCS/N9412)
38. Perform rendering in Photoshop (Convert the drawings in pdf and then render it in
Photoshop with necessary details). (NOS:HCS/N9413)
39. Prepare Working drawing – viz. Kitchen layout, Electrical layout, Plumbing Layout,
DWV details. (NOS:HCS/N9414)
40. Demonstrate basic mathematical concept and principles to perform practical
operations. Understand and explain basic science in the field of study.
(NOS:HCS/N9415)

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Architectural Draughtsman
6. ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

LEARNING OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

FIRST YEAR
1. Draw different types Set and fix drawing paper on the drawing board
of architectural (a) prepare Layout of drawing sheet,
symbols following (b) prepare a Title block,
safety precautions. (c) mark and fold on the designated drawing Sheet
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw architectural symbols for materials, doors and windows
Draw architectural symbols for trees, plants, shrubs.
Draw architectural symbols for plumbing fittings
Draw architectural symbols for electrical fittings and fixtures

2. Draw different types Sketch any types of trees, plants and shrubs
free hand sketches Sketch any one structure of monument.
and different type of Draw any landscape drawing with pencil rendering.
letterings. Sketch any objects like cube, cone, sphere, cylinder, prism, pyramid
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Perform any one structure of different composition of patterns
Read and interpret different types of lettering commonly used in
drawings.
Draw Gothic Lettering in Freehand.
(a) Sketch Roman Lettering in Freehand.
(b) Draw Architectural Lettering in Freehand.

3. Draw different types Draw a line parallel to any given point


of plane geometry. Perform different methods to divide a line into any equal parts
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw different methods of bisecting an angle, line or arc.
Draw geometrical constructions using different methods for triangle,
rectangle, square, circle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon,
ellipse.

4. Draw orthographic Draw projections of lines in simple positions


projection. Draw projections of lamina in simple positions
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw projections of solids like cube, pyramid, prism, cone, cylinder in
first angle position
Draw projections of solids like cube, pyramid, prism, cone, cylinder in
third angle position

5. Draw different sizes of Draw isometric view of traditional brick showing frog.

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Architectural Draughtsman

Bricks and Brick Drew different types of bats and closers in isometric view
Masonry. Perform drawing of English bond for one brick thick and one and half
(NOS:HCS/N0802) brick thick with plan, elevation and isometric view
(a) Perform drawing of Flemish bond for one brick thick and one and
half brick thick with plan, elevation and isometric view
Prepare drawing for different types of bonds like zig zag bond,
diagonal bond, stretcher bond, header bond, monk wall bond,
herring bone bond, Dutch bond, garden all bond.
Perform brick masonry with the help of tools.

6. Draw different types Draw Stone & tile masonry - coursed and uncoursed rubble masonry.
of Stone Masonry. Draw random Rubble Masonry.
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw different types of ashlar masonry.
Draw composite masonry with stone facing with brick, stone facing
with concrete.

7. Draw different types Analyze data for creating foundation drawing of specific project.
of Foundation. Sketch different types of Pile Foundation.
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw details of Raft Foundation.
Perform sketch of Spread Foundation.
Sketch grillage foundation.

8. Draw different Sketch Lengthening Spliced or longitudinal Joints.


Carpentry Joints. Draw types of Bearing joint commonly used.
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw various types of widening or side joints.
Draw types of Corner Joints.
Sketch types of oblique- shouldered joints

9. Draw different types Interpret the purpose and utility of doors.


of Wooden Doors and Draw details of a door frame.
Windows. Draw details of Flush Door.
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Sketch details of Battened and ledged Door.
Draw parts of wooden paneled door.
Determine scope of windows in building.
Draw details of Casement windows.
Sketch of Louvered or Venetian Window.
Draw details of ventilator

10. Draw different types Understand purpose of Lintels, Chajja & slabs
of Lintels. Draw Wooden Lintel in place.
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw Brick lintel in position.

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Architectural Draughtsman

(a) Draw Reinforced Lintel


Draw Stone lintel.
Draw RCC lintel in position.

11. Draw different types Determine utility of Arches.


of Arches. Draw various parts of Arch with technical leveling.
(NOS:HCS/N0802) Draw a Flat Arch.
Draw Semi-circular arch.
Draw Segmental Arch.
Drawing of pointed Arch.
Draw two Centre Arch.

12. Draft in CAD. Understanding the basic starting procedures in CAD


(NOS:HCS/N05202) Analyzing the basic CAD commands
Draft a plan and elevation sofa set, bed, chair, table dining, TV unit
etc.
Draft elevation of door/ window , ventilators & their sections.
Drafting plan of interiors of bedroom/living room with all furniture
layout

13. Draw details of Damp Identify sources of dampness in different locations.


proof Course (DPC) Identify effects of dampness.
and Water Proofing (i)Draw Damp Proof Treatment in Basement.
Treatment at different (ii)Draw Damp Proof Treatment in Plinth Level / Ground
locations. Floors.
(NOS:HCS/N9401) (iii)Draw Damp Proof Treatment in Upper Floors.
(iv)Draw Damp Proof Treatment in cavity wall.
Discover sources of water seepage in roof.
Identify effects of water seepage.
Draw detail of water proofing treatment at roof using PCC.
Draw detail of water proofing treatment at roof using bitumen.

14. Draw plan, elevation Draw plan, elevation and side elevation of inclined solids cube.
and side view of Solids Draw plan, elevation and side elevation of inclined solids pyramid.
in inclined positions Draw plan, elevation and side elevation of inclined solids prism.
and Section of Solids. Draw plan, elevation and side elevation of inclined solids cone.
(NOS:HCS/N9402) Draw plan, elevation and side elevation of inclined solids cylinder.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.
Draw sectional plan, elevation and side elevation of solids/ inclined
solids cutting by a horizontal section plane.
Draw sectional plan, elevation and side elevation of solids/ inclined

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Architectural Draughtsman

solids cutting by a vertical section plane.


Draw sectional plan, elevation and side elevation of solids/inclined
solids cutting by a section plane inclined to HP
Draw sectional plan, elevation and side elevation of solids/ inclined
solids cutting by a section plane inclined to VP.
Draw the true shape of the cutting surface.

15. Illustrate design Illustrate Client’s requirements.


procedure of Analyze the physical condition of proposed site.
Residential Building. Analyze the environmental condition of proposed site.
(NOS:HCS/N9403) Follow the Building Byelaws according to local administration.
Analyze design Principles of a residential Building.
Determine Circulation space in building.
Identify the Entry and Exit requirements of Residential Building.
Analyze requirement of Car Parking.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.
Calculate estimated cost.

16. Draw plan, elevation Analyze the requirement of no. of bedroom of the Residential
and section through Buildings.
toilet of the Analyze the requirement of area/ type of drawing and dining hall.
residential building Analyze the requirement of no. and area of toilet.
and the site plan with Analyze the requirement of area and type of kitchen.
landscape. Analyze the requirement of area and location of verandah.
(NOS:HCS/N9421) Draw ground Floor Plan of a single storied Residential Building.
Draw roof Plan of the Residential Building.
Draw front and side elevation of the Residential Building.
Draw section through entrance, balcony, toilet, doors and
windows of the Residential Building.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

17. Draw typical vertical Draw typical vertical section of an external wall of two storied load
section of an external bearing structure.
wall of two storied Draw typical vertical section of an external wall of two storied RCC
load bearing structure framed structure.
and RCC framed Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.
structure.
(NOS:HCS/N9422)

18. Draw Plan, elevation Draw plan and section of a straight stair.
and Construction Draw plan and section of an open well stair.

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Architectural Draughtsman

Details of different Draw plan and section of a quarter turn stair.


types of stairs. Draw plan and section of a bifurcated stair
(NOS:HCS/N9423) Draw plan and section of a circular stair.
Draw detailed part section of a stair showing its various components.
Draw detailed part section of a wooden stair.
Draw detailed plan and section of a dog legged RCC stair.
Draw plan and section MS. spiral stair.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

19. Draw different types Draw Flooring details of Ground Floor over PCC floor slab using
of flooring details. different floor finish material.
(NOS:HCS/N9424) Draw Flooring details of Basement Floor over RCC Basement Slab
using different floor finish material.
Draw flooring details of RCC Upper Floor using different floor finish
material.
Draw flooring details of wooden suspended Floor using different
floor suitable finish material.
Draw flooring details of wooden double Floor using different floor
suitable finish material.

20. Produce final project Application of advance CAD commands e.g. layers, block, insert,
work applying group, divide, measure, design center, text gradient, dimension style,
advance CAD leader, layouts, model space view ports.
commands and File Determine the location of the drawing files to be saved.
management. Draft all Final Floor Plans of the Residential Building in AUTO CAD.
(NOS:HCS/N9425) Draft Front Elevation and one side elevation of building.
Draw two numbers of Through Sections showing Staircase, Toilet,
Kitchen Balcony, Habitable room and Car Parking in AUTO CAD.
Site Plan with rendering.
Draw Key/ Location Plan.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

21. Surface Development Develop surface of different prisms and pyramids in simple position
of geometrical solids. cutting by horizontal plane.
(NOS:HCS/N9426) Develop surface of different prisms and pyramids in simple position
cutting by vertical plane.
Develop surface of different prisms and pyramids in simple position
cutting by plane inclined to HP.
Develop surface of different prisms and pyramids in simple position
cutting by a plane inclined to VP.
Develop surface of different prisms and pyramids inclined to VP

16
Architectural Draughtsman

cutting by horizontal plane.


Develop surface of different prisms and pyramids inclined to VP
simple position cutting by vertical plane.
22. Demonstrate basic Solve different mathematical problems
mathematical concept Explain concept of basic science related to the field of study
and principles to
perform practical
operations.
Understand and
explain basic science
in the field of study.
(NOS:HCS/N9427)

SECOND YEAR

23. Illustrate Design- Make Bubble diagram showing the through circulated areas one way,
Concept and two way.
visualization of Elements of schematic drawing. Its standard sizes and area required
design. Topic: around for movement
Residential Follow the Building Byelaws according to local administration.
(single/double Analyze requirement of Car Parking.
storied) Post office, Presentation drawing show the details of furniture layout, entrance
Farmhouse. exit, north point, split levels, built-up area, carpet area, common
(NOS:HCS/N9404) area.

24. Draw sanction Draw sanction drawing showing floor plans site plan, location plan,
drawing with local plumbing details, rainwater harvest, schedule of areas, schedule of
authority bye laws. openings, architects’ signature, client signature, north point.
(NOS:HCS/N9405) Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

25. Preliminary drawing Draw ground Floor Plan of a single storied Residential Building.
of the Design project Draw typical floor plan with staircase
in AUTOCAD. Draw roof Plan of the Residential Building.
(NOS:HCS/N05202) Draw front and side elevation of the Residential Building.
Draw section through entrance, balcony, toilet, doors and windows
of the Residential Building.
Draw enlarged details at roof terrace.
Draw rendered site plan with landscape.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

26. Read and Interpret Draw R.C.C roof one-way slab in plan.
structural drawing. Draw one-way slab section

17
Architectural Draughtsman

(NOS:HCS/N9406) Draw two-way slab, section.


Draw single reinforced beam
Draw double reinforced beam.
Illustrate column foundation plan, section detail.
Prepare stairs waist slab reinforcement details.

27. Draw 3 D model by Draw 3D animated view with help of sketch up software
sketch up software Project submission with sky, trees presentation.
along with rendering, (a) Import drawing from Auto CAD.
walkthrough (b) Tools. click drag-release
animated view. (c) Extrude (push/pull), grouping, layers, arc-2 point, shapes –
(NOS:HCS/N9407) rectangle, move, orbit, zoom, pan
(d) Auto fold, offset, make component, copy array
(e) Solid tools, paint bucket, follow me. mirror scale, rotate
(f) Sand box—terrain, smoove, drape, add detail, from contour, from
scratch, shadow, fog, f lip edge, explode.
(g) Camera, walkthrough, animated view by setting time.
(h) View, axes, text light effects—omni, spot, sphere, less light, print
option, hide/unhide classifier, intersect faces.

28. Draw details of Discover special doors as per special requirement,


different types of Draw details of revolving door.
doors. Draw details of sliding door.
(NOS:HCS/N05202) Draw details of louvered door/puja door.
Identify the metal doors as per design.
Draw details of rolling steel shutter.
Draw details of aluminium swing door.
Draw collapsible door, M.S door,

29. Draw details of Discover special windows


different types of Draw bay window.
windows. Draw details of dormer window, sky light.
(NOS:HCS/N05202) Draw aluminium sliding windows.
Draw UPVC windows.
Draw CRCA sheets/pressed steel windows.

30. Draw details of roofs Draw details of lean-to roof.


and roof covering. Draw couple roof.
(NOS:HCS/N05202) Draw king post truss with details and technical terms.
Draw queen post truss.
Determine roof covering materials.

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Architectural Draughtsman

Method of fixing AC/GI sheets to different types of purlins


Method of fixing mangalore tiles .

31. Prepare final design Draft all Final Floor Plans of the Residential Building in AUTO CAD.
drawings in Draft Front Elevation and one side elevation of building.
AUTOCAD. Draw two numbers of through Sections showing Staircase, Toilet,
(NOS:HCS/N05202) Kitchen Balcony, Habitable room and Car Parking in AUTO CAD.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

32. Draw working drawing After friezing /finalizing scheme drawing with column position
set to the site to Centerline drawing with beam c/c dimensions.
execution. Draw detailed column footing with dimension.
(NOS:HCS/N9408) Draw Ground Floor Plan with Door Window schedule, l split levels
with dimension.
Draw First Floor Plan with Staircase design.
Draw elevations in 1:50 scale.
Draw detailed section through staircase, floor heights, lintel, sill
heights.
Draw enlarged stair design along with railing, balcony railing
Draw compound wall detail.

33. Draw the Draw the Furniture design, its standard sizes and area required
Anthropometrics & around for movement and height of Office Layout
ergonomics of sketch the office lay out for 50 number staff
commercial building. Draw the office cabin for Managing Director.
(NOS:HCS/N9409) Draw the reception lay out.
Draw the working area lay out.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

34. Draw Standard sizes Analyze data for creating swimming pool and draw the layout of
of outdoor swimming pool along with safety measurements.
movements like Draw the basketball court / badminton court.
swimming pool, Sketch the layout, the play area of primary school.
basketball court, Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.
badminton court, play
area etc.
(NOS:HCS/N9410)

35. Prepare design and Read and interpret design data after analyzing the requirement and
site plan with area analysis.
landscape of Illustrate Client’s requirements. sketch the bubble diagram.

19
Architectural Draughtsman

Residential Identify the Entry and Exit requirements of Residential Building.


Apartment/ primary Analyze requirement of Car Parking.
school in AUTOCAD. Draw stilt /basement/car parking detailed drawing along with
(NOS:HCS/N05202) drainage, plumbing, water purification tanks.
Determine Circulation space and draw detailed drawing of floor plans
of building.
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.
Sketch the four side elevations.
Draw section through staircase and toilet.
Draw site plan with landscape layout.

36. Draw joints in Location of construction joints for different members.


structures (viz. Details (a)Draw construction joint installation at slabs, columns beams and
of construction joints walls after the day work.
at various positions, Illustrate with neat sketches of provision of joints in the following
Details of expansion components of reservoir.
joints in walls, roof). (a) Draw details at junction between wall and floor.
(NOS:HCS/N9411) (b) Draw details of construction joint in the floor of reservoir.
Draw details of different types of joints in structure.
(a) Isolation joint in detail
(b)Contraction joint, Dummy joint.
(C) Sliding joint,
Draw plan showing location of contraction, expansion and isolation
joints.
Illustrate Expansion joints in walls and roofs, spacing of expansion
joints, materials used in expansion joints brick masonry
(a) Draw plan showing location of expansion joint between two
building blocks.
(b)section ‘x-x’ detail and enlarged detail at walls, roof, foundation of
brick masonry walls
(c) Draw plan showing expansion joint in verandah slab with blown
up details
Draw detailed layout of provision of expansion joint in framed
structure at
(a) Roof level
(b) First floor level
(c) Foundation level
Check the drawings to confirm their correctness.

37. Prepare 3D model and Create 3D model from 2D plan.


BOQ using BIM Interpret the basic starting procedure like installation, Unit

20
Architectural Draughtsman

software (REVIT conversion etc.


ARCHITECTURE). Explore the User Interface: Menu Bar and Toolbars, Options Bar,
(NOS:HCS/N9412) Type Selector, Properties Button, Design Bar, Project Browser, Status
Bar, View Control Bar, Drawing Area etc.
Place and modify walls
Complex walls
Draw scheme in revit architecture (Creating 3D model from 2D plane)
(a) Place Door window and components with dimension and
constraints.
(b) Create floors and Roof & ceilings
(C) Curtain walls
(d) Stairs
Structural elements
(f) Massing and site (Splitting, merging, topo surface etc.), and
conceptual models
(g) Family creation (Doors & Windows, staircase, furniture etc.)
Creating and Documenting the Project: Create and name a project in
which you will create the building model.
(a) Add tags to the project and schedule doors and rooms.
(b) Create a colour scheme of the drawings with colours fill & Color
Scheme Legend
(C) Import and Export (Auto CAD files)
(d) Manage Views (Plan region, plan view, ceiling plan, area plan &
structural plan, Callout views)
(e) Sections
(f) Design options
Generate surfaces and apply material to the model:
Generate 3D model from 2D plan and apply material Decals
Create Lighting, Camera view and rendering:
(a) Render drawing.
(b) place Camera & Lightings
(C) Solar study and Walkthrough
Prepare bill of Quantity :
(a) Calculate Quantity of materials
Prepare Schedule (Bill of materials, Quantities etc.)

38. Perform rendering in Convert the floor plans in pdf and then render the drawing in
Photoshop (Convert photoshop with necessary details.
the drawings in pdf Identify the basic features of Photoshop: Getting Started, Interface
and then render it in Layout, Palettes, Toolbox, Selection Tools, Alteration Tools, Drawing
photoshop with and Selection Tools, Assisting Tools, Color Boxes and Modes, Basic

21
Architectural Draughtsman

necessary details). Image Editing and Saving.


(NOS:HCS/N9413) Import PDF Floor plans and render it with colours, textures and
necessary details.
Import an architectural elevation, section drawings and render in
Photoshop.
Complete the 3D view of a building with graphical representations
(Sky, Trees, Human, Automobiles etc.)

39. Prepare Working Draw kitchen layout details: include plan, section and all side
drawing: elevations with proper dimensions and material specification.
Kitchen layout, Draw the electrical layout of a working drawing floor plan with the
Electrical layout, proper symbols, dimensions, and notations.
Plumbing Layout, Draw Plumbing Layout drawing, shows the system of piping for fresh
DWV details. water going into the building and waste going out, water supply
(NOS:HCS/N9414) system, drainage system, Legends, Notes. Fixture units also should
be marked along with the pipe. Pipes with different purposes will be
displayed with different colors for ease of understanding. Drainage
pipes should be shown with slope, manhole schedule which consist
of each manhole name, Depth etc.
Draw the plan and elevation of DWV details with the specification,
location and schedules of the openings.

40. Demonstrate basic Solve different mathematical problems


mathematical concept Explain concept of basic science related to the field of study
and principles to
perform practical
operations.
Understand and
explain basic science
in the field of study.
(NOS:HCS/N9415)

22
Architectural Draughtsman

7. TRADE SYLLABUS

SYLLABUS FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN TRADE

FIRST YEAR
Professional Skills
Reference Professional Knowledge
Duration (Trade Practical)
Learning Outcome (Trade Theory)
With Indicative Hours
Professional Draw different Familiarization Orientation
Skill 26 Hrs.; types of 1. Importance of safety and Familiarization with the
architectural general precautions institute
Professional symbols following observed in the institute Importance of trade
Knowledge safety precautions. and in the section. (1 hrs.) training
06 Hrs. (NOS:HCS/N0802) 2. Importance of the trade in Introduction to the trade
the development of the and professional prospects
country’s infrastructure. Orientation of subjects
(01 hrs.) Familiarization with
3. Recreational, medical engineering drawing, tools
facilities and other and equipment. (03 hrs.)
extracurricular activities of
the institute. (01 hrs.)
4. All necessary guidance to
be provided to the new
comers to become
familiar, with the working
of training institute. (01
hrs.)
Architectural symbols Architectural Symbols
5. Architectural symbol for Architectural signs and
materials, doors, windows. symbols and their uses in
(08 hrs.) the drawings (03 hrs.)
6. Architectural symbols for

23
Architectural Draughtsman

trees, plants, shrubs. (07


hrs.)
7. Architectural symbols for
plumbing and electrical
fittings and fixtures. (07
hrs.)
Professional Draw different Sketching Sketching techniques
Skill 28 Hrs.; types free hand 8. Free hand sketching of Elements of drafting,
sketches and trees, plants and shrubs. readability, clarity,
Professional different type of (05 hrs.) accuracy and neatness
Knowledge letterings. 9. Free hand sketching of Pencil grades
06 Hrs. (NOS:HCS/N0802) landscape and Method of pencil uses
monuments. (05 hrs.) Uses of different brush
10. Free hand sketching of strokes
objects. (05 hrs.) Various types of lines used
11. Lettering – types of for sketching (06 hrs.)
lettering, legibility,
uniformity. (08 hrs.)
12. Purpose and uses of lines,
curves, line weight, types
of lines. (05 hrs.)
Professional Draw different Plane geometry Solids
Skill 17 Hrs.; types of plane 13. Draw a line parallel to any Definition of solids –
geometry. given point. (01 hrs.) cube, square prism,
Professional (NOS:HCS/N0802) 14. Divide a line into any hexagonal prism,
Knowledge number of equal parts triangular prism, square
02 Hrs. different methods. (01 prism, triangular pyramid,
hrs.) hexagonal pyramid,
15. Bisect a line, arc or angle. pentagonal pyramid,
(01 hrs.) cylinder, sphere, cone.
16. Geometrical constructions (02 hrs.)
using different method –
square, pentagon, triangle,
hexagon, heptagon,
octagon, ellipse. (06 hrs.)
Dimensioning
17. Basic system of
measurement, dimensional
control, location,
dimensioning of different
objects like lines, circle,
curves and angles Scale

24
Architectural Draughtsman

and proportion. (08 hrs.)

Professional Draw orthographic Introduction to orthographic Types of projections


Skill 92 Hrs.; projections. projections Types of projections
(NOS:HCS/N0802) 18. Types of projections. (02 Projection planes
Professional hrs.) First angle projection
Knowledge 19. Projection planes. (02 hrs.) Third angle projection
10 Hrs. 20. First angle projection. (02 Isometric view
hrs.) Isometric view of
21. Third angle projection. (02 geometrical solids (10 hrs.)
hrs.)
22. Method of drawing
orthographic projections.
(02 hrs.)
Projections of lines and lamina
23. Projections of lines in
simple position. (12 hrs.)
24. Projection of lamina in
simple position. (12hrs.)
Projection of solids in simple
positions
25. Drawing plan, elevation
and side elevation of
simple solids like cube,
pyramid, prism, cone,
cylinder in first angle
projection. (30 hrs.)
26. Drawing projection of
solids in third angle
projection in simple
positions. (28 hrs.)
Professional Draw different Brick masonry Brick masonry
Skill 50 Hrs.; sizes of Bricks and 27. Sizes of brick and brick Technical terms, Sizes of
Brick Masonry. bats. (04 hrs.) brick and brick tiles,
Professional (NOS:HCS/N0802) 28. English and Flemish bond Principle of brick masonry
Knowledge for one brick thick and one construction, English and
12 Hrs. and half brick thick wall. Flemish bond for one brick
(18 hrs.) thick and one and half brick
29. Different types of bonds thick wall, Different types
(zig zag bond, diagonal of bonds and their uses in
bond, stretcher bond, construction, Hollow brick

25
Architectural Draughtsman

header bond, monk wall masonry, AAC Block, Fly-


bond, herring bone bond, ash brick . brick laying,
Dutch bond, garden wall understanding brick laying,
bond). Brick laying with the pattern designs.
help of tools Interpretation of drawings
/infrastructure. Setting out ,setting out and
& measurement, cutting & measurement,
construction, joint finishing construction, joint finishing
& presentation. (28 hrs.) & presentation. (12 hrs.)
Professional Draw different Stone masonry, tile masonry Stone masonry, tile
Skill 22 Hrs.; types of Stone 30. Setting and measurement masonry
Masonry. Cutting, preparations, fix, Wall & floor filing
Professional (NOS:HCS/N0802) cleaning Produce and interpret
Knowledge 31. Coursed and uncoursed drawing, setting out &
06 Hrs. rubble masonry. (04 hrs.) measurement,
32. Random rubble masonry. preparations ,fix
(06 hrs.) Technical terms
33. Ashlar masonry. (04 hrs.) Principles of stone masonry
34. Composite masonry (stone Rubble masonry
facing with brick backing, Ashlar masonry
stone facing with concrete Composite masonry (06
backing, stone facing with hrs.)
rubble backing). (08 hrs.)
Professional Draw different Foundation with column Foundation with column
Skill 22 Hrs.; types of 35. Types of foundation – Purpose of foundation
Foundation. spread foundation, grillage Causes of failure of
Professional (NOS:HCS/N0802) foundation, pile foundation Types of
Knowledge foundation, raft or mat foundation – spread
10 Hrs. foundation. (22 hrs.) foundation, grillage
foundation, pile
foundation, raft or mat
foundation (10 hrs.)
Professional Draw different Carpentry Joints Carpentry Joints
Skill 22 Hrs.; Carpentry Joints. 36. Lengthening spliced or Technical terms
(NOS:HCS/N0802) longitudinal joints. (03hrs.) Lengthening joints and
Professional 37. Bearing joints. (03 hrs.) their uses Bearing joints
Knowledge 38. Framing joints. (04hrs.) and their uses Framing
06 Hrs. 39. Angle or corner joints. (04 joints and their uses Angle
hrs.) or corner joints and their
40. Widening or side joints. (04 uses Widening or side
hrs.) joints and their uses
41. Oblique-shouldered joints. Oblique-shouldered joints

26
Architectural Draughtsman

(04hHrs.) and their uses (06 hrs.)


Professional Draw different Doors Doors
Skill 48 Hrs.; types of Wooden 42. Details of paneled door, Standard Sizes of doors
Doors and flush door, batten and Types of doors - paneled
Professional Windows. ledged door. (24 hrs.) door, flush door, batten
Knowledge (NOS:HCS/N0802) Windows and ledged door
12 Hrs. 43. Details of casement Windows
window, louvered window, Standard Sizes of windows
ventilator. (24 hrs.) Details of casement
window, louvered window,
ventilator
Fixtures and fasteners
Types of joints (used in
doors and windows) (12
hrs.)
Professional Draw different Lintels/slab lintels Lintels/ slab lintels
Skill 10 Hrs.; types of Lintels. 44. Details of Wooden lintel, Purpose of lintel Types and
(NOS:HCS/N0802) stone lintel, brick lintel, uses of lintels – wooden
Professional steel lintel, RCC lintel, lintel, stone lintel, brick
Knowledge Chajjas. (10 hrs.) lintel, steel lintel, RCC
02 Hrs. lintel, Chajjas (02 hrs.)
Professional Draw different Arches Arches
Skill 17 Hrs.; types of Arches. 45. Details of semicircular arch, Technical terms
(NOS:HCS/N0802) flat arch, segmental arch, Materials used for
Professional pointed arch, two centered construction of arches
Knowledge arch. (17 hrs.) Types of arches and their
06 Hrs. uses – flat arch,
semicircular arch,
segmental arch, semi
elliptical arch, two
centered arch, three
centered arch. (06 hrs.)
Professional Draft in CAD. CAD Commands. (22hrsFactors
Skill 84 Hrs.; (NOS:HCS/N05202) 46. Introduction to CAD. considered in architectural
(03hrs.) design
Professional 47. Starting procedures of CAD Introduction to CAD
Knowledge – screen appearance, tool Understanding the basic
21 Hrs. bar, menu bar, quick elements of design like
access tool bar, command point, line, plane, figure,
tool bar, units, settings, form and space, light and
dimensioning. (04 hrs.) color, texture. (21 hrs.)
48. Basic CAD drafting

27
Architectural Draughtsman

commands - 1 – line, circle,


arc, ellipse, copy, move,
rotate, erase, undo,
mirror, offset, fillet,
polygon, trim, extend,
explode. (05 hrs.)
49. Basic CAD commands 2 –
rectangle, array, scale,
stretch, break, join,
chamfer, spline, colors,
line type, line weight,
properties, match
properties, hatch. (05 hrs.)
50. Draft a plan and elevation
of a sofa set, bed, chair,
table, dining, TV unit etc
using basic CAD
Commands
(30hrs)
51. Draft door/windows and
ventilators in detailed
section (frame panel fixing
etc) (15 hrs)
52. Draft interiors of bed
room/living room using
basic CAD commands. (22
hrs)

Professional Draw plan, Projection of Solids in inclined Introduction to model


Skill 46 Hrs.; elevation and side positions in AutoCAD space view port in auto
view of Solids in 53. Drawing plan, elevation CAD
Professional inclined positions and side elevation of (08 hrs)
Knowledge and Section of inclined solids like cube,
08 Hrs. Solids. pyramid, prism, cone,
(NOS:HCS/N9401) cylinder in first angle
projections. (18 hrs.)
Section of solids
54. Drawing projection of
solids in different section
plane. (28 hrs.)

28
Architectural Draughtsman

Professional Draw Plan, Stairs Stairs


Skill 84 Hrs.; elevation and 55. Plan and elevation of Technical terms General
Construction different types of stairs – dimensions and
Professional Details of different straight stairs, quarter turn arrangements
Knowledge types of stairs. stairs, open well stairs, Requirements of good
18 Hrs. (NOS:HCS/N9402) bifurcated stairs, circular stairs Ashlar masonry
stairs. (26 hrs.) Classification of stairs –
56. Construction Details of straight flight stairs, dog
dog-legged stairs, baluster legged stairs, newel stairs,
details, railing, nosing, open well stairs,
tread and riser calculation. geometrical stairs, circular
(26 hrs.) stairs, bifurcated stairs,
57. Details of wooden stairs. spiral stairs, stairs of
(16 hrs.) different materials –
58. Details of MS spiral stairs. wooden stairs, stone stairs,
(16 hrs.) metal stairs, reinforced
concrete stairs (18 hrs.)
Professional Draw different Floors and flooring Floors and flooring
Skill 25 Hrs.; types of flooring 59. Components of ground Components of floor – sub
details. floor. (5 hrs.) floor, floor covering,
Professional (NOS:HCS/N9403) 60. Details of cement flooring. construction of ground
Knowledge (5 hrs.) floor, selection of floorings
08Hrs. 61. Details of stone / tile Suspended floors Floor
flooring. (5hrs.) coverings Ground and
62. Details of wooden basement floor (08 hrs.)
suspended flooring. (5
hrs.)
63. Details of wooden double
floor. (5 hrs.)
Professional Illustrate design Introduction to design Design principles – balance,
Skill (44 Hrs) procedure of 64. Design topic – Residential. proportion, perspective,
Residential (18 hrs.) movement, rhythm,
Professional Building. 65. Concept and visualization harmony, unity, symmetry
Knowledge (NOS:HCS/N9421) of design. (Students and contrast (06 hrs.)
(06 Hrs.) should be able to
understand the process of
designing and the design
project will go throughout
the year)
Initial sketches/preliminary
drawings manually.
Sketches of the plan. (26 hrs.)

29
Architectural Draughtsman

Professional Draw plan, Preliminary drawing Conceptual design ideas –


Skill 40 Hrs.; elevation and 66. Drawing to be prepared by site analysis, site
section through trainees in AUTOCAD planning, requirements,
Professional toilet of the based on single floor space designation,
Knowledge residential building residential building after proportionately defined
12 Hrs. and the site plan analyzing the requirement rooms, single line
with landscape. and area analysis. (12 hrs.) diagram, floor plan
(NOS:HCS/N9422) 67. Front elevation and one analysis, functional
side elevation. (06 hrs.) planning. (12 hrs.)
68. Section through staircase
or toilet. (16 hrs.)
69. Site plan with landscaping.
(06 hrs.)
Professional Draw details of Damp proof Course (DPC) Damp proof Course (DPC)
Skill 34 Hrs.; Damp proof 70. Details at plinth level. (10 Definition
Course (DPC) and hrs.) Sources of dampness
Professional Water Proofing 71. Details at terrace level Prevention methods of
Knowledge Treatment at (Water Proofing dampness – integral
18 Hrs different locations. Treatment). (10 hrs.) treatment, surface
(NOS:HCS/N9423) 72. Details at basement level. treatment, membrane
(10hrs.) damp proofing, cavity
73. Details of cavity wall. (04 wall construction
hrs.) Materials used in DPC –
mastic asphalt, hot laid
bitumen, metal sheets,
PCC etc. (06 hrs.)
Anti-termite treatment
Types of Anti termite
treatment
a)Treatment to basement
in ordinary soil (06 hrs.)
b)Treatment to basement
in damp soil (06 hrs.)
Professional Draw typical Draft in AutoCAD Pre-fabricated panels RCC,
Skill 08 Hrs.; vertical section of 74. Load bearing wall. (04hrs.) GI Powder coated steel
an external wall of 75. RCC framed structure. panels. (02 hrs.)
Professional two storied load (04hrs.)
Knowledge bearing structure

30
Architectural Draughtsman

02 Hrs. and RCC framed


structure.
(NOS:HCS/N9424)
Professional Produce final CAD Indian architecture
Skill 111 project work 76. Advance CAD commands – Stupas and its
Hrs.; applying advance layers, block, insert, group, characteristic features and
CAD commands divide, measure, design typical examples Typical
Professional and File center, text gradient, Buddhist column or order
Knowledge management. dimension style, leader, Northern Indian style
15 Hrs. (NOS:HCS/N9425) layouts, model space view elements and characteristic
ports, File management. features (lingaraja temple
(15 hrs.) at Orissa, sun temple at
Final design konark, temple of
77. Final floor plans showing khajuraho (15 hrs.)
living room, kitchen, History of architecture
bedrooms, toilet, logical (HOA)
order from the main Egyptian architecture
entrance, basic area with Characteristic features of
furniture, garage and Egyptian architecture
driveway, pedestrian ways, Tombs mastaba pyramid –
levels, north line, section the great pyramid at
line, scale, dwv schedule, cheops at giza the great
statement of area etc. (30 sphinx of chephren
hrs.) Greek architecture
78. Front elevation with all Greek columns like doric
heights and levels order, ionic order,
mentioned. (17 hrs.) corianthan order
79. One side elevation with all Characteristic features of
heights and levels the temple of Parthenon at
mentioned(17 Hrs.) Athens, Olympia stadium at
80. Detailed section through athens.
staircase/ toilet with all
heights and levels
mentioned. (All
presentation drawing to be
submitted as project spiral
binding). (17 hrs.)
81. Final site plan with
landscape elements. (15
hrs.)

Note: design elements to keep

31
Architectural Draughtsman

in consideration while
designing the elevations
Professional Surface Surface Development Roman architecture
Skill 10 Hrs.; Development of 82. Developing surface Characteristic features of
geometrical solids. Development of solids. (10 the temples of Saturn at
Professional (NOS:HCS/N9426) hrs.) rome, the pantheon at
Knowledge Athens, basilica of Trajan at
14 Hrs. rome.
Indian architecture
Stupas and its
characteristic features and
typical examples Typical
Buddhist column or order
Northern Indian style
elements and
characteristic features
(Lingaraja temple at Orissa,
sun temple at Konark,
temple of Khajuraho)
(Note: subject of drawing, Central Hindu style
scale, date, job no, address, elements and characteristic
ph.no, north – south direction, features (rock cut temples
sheet no. to be mentioned in at Badami and Humpi,
all the sheets. Drawing Hoysaleswar temple at
produced should be well halebid) South Hindu or
readable and self-explanatory.) Dravidian style elements
and characteristic features
(shore temple at
Mahabalipuram,
Brihadesvar temple at
Tanjavur, temple of
Madurai) (14 hrs.)
WORKSHOP CALCULATION & SCIENCE: (40 Hrs)
Professional Demonstrate basic WORKSHOP CALCULATION & SCIENCE:
Knowledge mathematical Unit, Fractions
WCS- 40 Hrs. concept and Classification of unit system
principles to Fundamental and Derived units F.P.S, C.G.S, M.K.S and SI
units
perform practical
Measurement units and conversion
operations. Factors, HCF, LCM and problems
Understand and Fractions - Addition, substraction, multiplication & division
explain basic Decimal fractions - Addition, subtraction, multiplication &
science in the field division

32
Architectural Draughtsman

of study. Solving problems by using calculator


(NOS:HCS/N9427) Square root, Ratio and Proportions, Percentage
Square and square root
Simple problems using calculator
Applications of Pythagoras theorem and related problems
Ratio and proportion
Ratio and proportion - Direct and indirect proportions
Percentage
Percentage - Changing percentage to decimal and fraction
Material Science
Types metals, types of ferrous and non-ferrous metals
Physical and mechanical properties of metals
Introduction of iron and cast iron
Difference between iron & steel, alloy steel and carbon steel
Properties and timber
Mass, Weight, Volume and Density
Mass, volume, density, weight and specific gravity
Heat & Temperature and Pressure
Concept of heat and temperature, effects of heat, difference
between heat and temperature, boiling point & melting point
of different metals and non-metals
Scales of temperature, Celsius, Fahrenheit, kelvin and
conversion between scales of temperature
Heat &Temperature - Temperature measuring instruments,
types of thermometer, pyrometer and transmission of heat -
Conduction, convection and radiation
Co-efficient of linear expansion and related problems with
assignments
Mensuration
Area and perimeter of square, rectangle and parallelogram
Area and perimeter of Triangles
Area and perimeter of circle, semi-circle, circular ring, sector
of circle, hexagon and ellipse
Surface area and volume of solids - cube, cuboid, cylinder,
sphere and hollow cylinder
Finding the lateral surface area, total surface area and
capacity in liters of hexagonal, conical and cylindrical shaped
vessels
Trigonometry
Measurement of angles
Trigonometrical ratios
Trigonometrical tables
Application in calculating height and distance (Simple
applications)
Project work / site visit
 Project work on a single floor residence with furniture layout – plan, elevation and section
(single line diagram to be made available)

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Architectural Draughtsman

 Site visit to any of the construction site / study tour to historical monuments to observe
the details

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Architectural Draughtsman

SYLLABUS FOR ARCHITECTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN TRADE

SECOND YEAR
Professional Skills
Reference Professional Knowledge
Duration (Trade Practical)
Learning Outcome (Trade Theory)
With Indicative Hours
Professional Illustrate Design- Introduction to design Factors considered in
Skill 40 Hrs.; Concept and 83. Design topic Residential architectural design
visualization of nursing home/Post Approaches to planning
Professional design. Topic: office/ farm house. Case Open planning
Knowledge Residential study of similar project Closed planning (12 hrs.)
12 Hrs. (single/double to be done. A complete
storied), Post project report also to be
office, Farmhouse. submitted. (20 hrs.)
(NOS:HCS/N9404) 84. Concept and visualization
of design.
(Students should be able
to understand the
process of designing and
the design project will go
throughout the year.) (20
hrs.)
Professional Preliminary Preliminary drawing Environmental factors
Skill 46 Hrs.; drawing of the 85. Drawing to be prepared considered in architectural
Design project in by trainees in AUTOCAD design
Professional AUTOCAD. based on design project Orientation of building
Knowledge (NOS:HCS/N05202 after analyzing the Effects of wind Window
12 Hrs. ) requirement and area positioning Space designation
analysis. (06 hrs.) Proportionately defined
86. Initial rooms. (12 hrs.)
sketches/preliminary
drawings manually. (08
hrs.)
87. Sketches of the plan. (04
hrs.)
88. Front elevation and one
side elevation. (07 hrs.)
89. Section through staircase
or toilet. (13 hrs.)
90. Site plan with

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Architectural Draughtsman

landscaping. (08 hrs.)


Professional Draw sanction Case study Factors considered in
Skill 40 Hrs.; drawing with local 91. Draft sanction drawing of architectural design
authority bye any choosen design of 83 Circulation – horizontal
Professional laws. in AutoCAD. (40 hrs.) circulation, through
Knowledge (NOS:HCS/N9405) circulation, vertical
12 Hrs. circulation, open court
circulation. (12 hrs.)
Professional Read and Interpret 92. RCC slab details (7hrs.) Reading and interpretation of
Skill 15 Hrs.; structural drawing. 93. Column foundation (8 structural drawing.
(NOS:HCS/N9406) hrs.) One way slab, two way slab.
Professional Single reinforced beam.
Knowledge Double reinforced beam.
06 Hrs. Column foundation.
Stair case Waist slab. (06
hrs.)
Professional Draw 3D model by Introduction to 3D in sketch- Introduction of sketch up
Skill 100 sketch up up software software and its installation
Hrs.; software along 94. Setup, new document, (14hrs)
with rendering, open, save and close (06
Professional walkthrough, hrs.)
Knowledge animated view. 95. Styles colors and
14 Hrs. (NOS:HCS/N9407) materials (20 hrs.)
96. Layers (20 hrs.)
97. Practice or project in
sketch up (34 hrs.)
98. Walk through in
AutoCAD(20)
Professional Draw details of Special doors in AutoCAD Special doors
Skill 20 Hrs.; different types of 99. Details of revolving Louvered doors, collapsible
doors. doors. (05 hrs.) doors, rolling steel shutter
Professional (NOS:HCS/N05202 100. Details of sliding doors. door, revolving door, sliding
Knowledge ) (05 hrs.) door, metal doors (12 hrs.)
12 Hrs. 101. Details of metal doors.
(05 hrs.)
102. Details of rolling steel
shutter doors or rolling
grill doors. (05 hrs.)
Professional Draw details of Special windows in AutoCAD Special windows
Skill 20 Hrs.; different types of 103. Details of sliding Bay windows, dormer
windows. windows. (04hrs.) windows, sliding windows,
Professional (NOS:HCS/N05202 104. Details of metal metal windows (12 hrs.)

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Architectural Draughtsman

Knowledge ) windows. (04 hrs.)


12 Hrs. 105. Details of bay windows.
(04 hrs.)
106. Details of UPVC
windows. (04 hrs.)
107. CRCA sheets / Pressed
steel windows. (04 hrs.)
Professional Draw details of Roof and roof coverings in Roof and roof coverings
Skill 44 Hrs.; roofs and roof auto CAD Technical terms Classification
covering. 108. Details of lean-to roof. of pitched roof – lean to roof,
Professional (NOS:HCS/N05202 (08 hrs.) couple roof, closed couple
Knowledge ) 109. Details of couple or span roof, collar roof, scissor roof,
12 Hrs. roof. (08 hrs.) king post truss, queen post
110. Details of king post truss. truss (12 hrs.)
(08 hrs.)
111. Details of queen post
truss. (08 hrs.)
112. Methods of laying and
fixing AC sheets to
different types of purlins.
(12 hrs.)
Professional Prepare final Final design Roof covering materials –
Skill 51Hrs.; design drawings in 113. All floor plans rendered wooden shingles, asbestos
AUTOCAD. with furniture layout. (12 cement sheets, galvanized
Professional (NOS:HCS/N05202 hrs.) corrugated iron sheets,
Knowledge ) 114. Front elevation and one asphaltic roofing sheets (12
12 Hrs. side elevation rendered. hrs.)
(10 hrs.)
115. Section through
stairs/toilet rendered
(09hrs.)
116. Final site plan with
landscape elements
rendered. (20 hrs.)
(Note: subject of drawing,
scale, date, job no,
address, ph.no, north,
sheet no. to be
mentioned in all the
sheets. Drawing
produced should be well
readable and self-

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Architectural Draughtsman

explanatory)
Professional Draw working Working drawing in auto cad Introduction to working
Skill 40 Hrs.; drawing set to the 117. All floor plans working drawing and sample drawing
site to execution. drawing showing all study (16 hrs.)
Professional (NOS:HCS/N9408) dimensions of rooms and
Knowledge column grids with door
16 Hrs. window schedule and
details if any. ( 14hrs.)
118. All four elevations with
floor heights, lintel
heights, sill heights and
details if any. (13 hrs.)
119. Section through staircase
or toilet with complete
details. (13 hrs.)
Professional Draw the Case study Case study
Skill 28 Hrs.; Anthropometrics 120. Case study of project like A complete project report
& ergonomics of small scale residential also to be submitted with all
Professional commercial apartment/primary plans and photographs and
Knowledge building. school/small office details of the given project
24 Hrs. (NOS:HCS/N9409) design for 50 people to (16 hrs.)
be done. (08hrs.) Anthropometry study w r t
Draw Standard Anthropometrics of Building design (08hrs)
sizes of outdoor commercial building
movements like 121. Furniture layout, its
swimming pool, standard sizes and area
basketball court, required around for
badminton court, movement and height
play area etc. (office layout, reception
(NOS:HCS/N9410) layout, cabin layout,
swimming) (14 hrs.)
122. Standard sizes of
outdoor recreational
activites like swimming
pool, basketball court,
badminton court, play
area etc. (06hrs.)
Professional Prepare design Preliminary drawing Climatic responsive design
Skill 84 Hrs.; and the site plan 123. Drawing to be prepared Study of climates in India
with landscape of by trainees in AUTOCAD Sun path diagram and
Professional Residential based on design project orientation of building with
Knowledge Apartment/ after analyzing the respect to the climate.

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Architectural Draughtsman

24 Hrs. primary school in requirement and area Positioning of windows and


AUTOCAD. analysis. (12 hrs.) open spaces as per climatic
(NOS:HCS/N05202 124. Initial need
) sketches/preliminary Fundamentals of climate
drawings manually. (15 responsive planning
hrs.) Passive solar design. (24 hrs.)
125. Sketches of the plan. (10
hrs.)
126. Front elevation and one
side elevation. (12 hrs.)
127. Section through staircase
or toilet. (20 hrs.)
128. Site plan with
landscaping. (15 hrs.)
Professional Draw joints in Joints in structure Expansion joints and
Skill 12Hrs.; structures (viz. 129. Details of construction construction joints
Details of joints at various Need for expansion joints in
Professional construction joints positions. (06 hrs.) building
Knowledge at various 130. Details of expansion Construction joints –
08 Hrs. positions, Details joints in walls, roof. (06 Contraction joints, isolation
of expansion joints hrs.) joints, dummy joints, sliding
in walls, roof). joints. position of
(NOS:HCS/N9411) construction joints
Expansion joints in walls and
roofs, spacing of expansion
joints, materials used in
expansion joints (08 hrs.)
Professional Prepare 3D model 131. Preparation of 3D model Introduction to revit software
Skill 196 and BOQ using and BOQ using BIM And study of sample projects
Hrs.; BIM software software like Revit, etc. (26 hrs.)
(REVIT (35 hrs.)
Professional ARCHITECTURE). 132. Creating 3D model from
Knowledge (NOS:HCS/N9412) 2D plane. (35 hrs.)
26 Hrs. 133. Generation of surfaces.
(30 hrs.)
134. Material editor. (30 hrs.)
135. Lighting and rendering.
(32 hrs.)
136. Quantity calculation of
materials. (34 hrs.)
Professional Perform rendering Rendering in Photoshop and Green Architecture /
Skill 56 Hrs.; in Photoshop presentation of project in sustainable architecture

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Architectural Draughtsman

(Convert the power point Green building and its


Professional drawings in pdf 137. Convert the floor plans, importance.
Knowledge and then render it elevation, section and 3d Benefits of green building
30 Hrs. in photoshop with views in pdf and then Fundamentals of green
necessary details). render the drawings in building
(NOS:HCS/N9413) photoshop with Material and resources
necessary details. (56 Water efficiency
hrs.) Study of IGBC rated building
in India (famous 5) (30 hrs.)

Professional Prepare Working 138. Kitchen layout. (12 hrs.) Energy conservation
Skill 48 Hrs.; drawing: 139. Electrical layout. (12 hrs.) Sustainable site selection
Kitchen layout, 140. Plumbing Layout. (12 Green building rating system
Professional Electrical layout, hrs.) – LEED/ GRIHA (32 hrs.)
Knowledge Plumbing Layout 141. DWV details. (12 hrs.)
32 Hrs. DWV details.
(NOS:HCS/N9414)
WORKSHOP CALCULATION & SCIENCE: (36 Hrs)
Professional Demonstrate basic WORKSHOP CALCULATION & SCIENCE:
Knowledge mathematical Friction
WCS- 36 Hrs. concept and Friction - Advantages and disadvantages, Laws of friction, co-
principles to efficient of friction, angle of friction, simple problems related
to friction
perform practical
Friction - Lubrication
operations. Friction - Co- efficient of friction, application and effects of
Understand and friction in workshop practice
explain basic Centre of Gravity
science in the field Centre of gravity - Centre of gravity and its practical
of study. application
(NOS:HCS/N9415) Area of cut out regular surfaces and area of irregular surfaces
Area of cut out regular surfaces - circle, segment and sector of
circle
Related problems of area of cut out regular surfaces - circle,
segment and sector of circle
Area of irregular surfaces and application related to shop
problems
Algebra
Algebra - Addition, subtraction, multiplication & division
Algebra - Theory of indices, algebraic formula, related
problems
Elasticity
Elasticity - Elastic, plastic materials, stress, strain and their
units and young’s modulus
Elasticity - Ultimate stress and working stress

40
Architectural Draughtsman

Profit and Loss


Profit and loss - Simple problems on profit & loss
Profit and loss - Simple and compound interest
Estimation and Costing
Estimation and costing - Simple estimation of the requirement
of material etc., as applicable to the trade
Estimation and costing - Problems on estimation and costing
Project work / site visit
Broad Area:
a) Compiling and final submission of Project work
b) Study tour to historical places to familiarize culture and heritage.

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Architectural Draughtsman

SYLLABUS FOR CORE SKILLS


1. Employability Skills (Common for all CTS trades) (120 Hrs. + 60 Hrs.)

Learning outcomes, assessment criteria, syllabus and Tool List of Core Skills subjects
which is common for a group of trades, provided separately in www.bharatskills.gov.in /
dgt.gov.in

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Architectural Draughtsman
ANNEXURE-I

LIST OF TOOLS & EQUIPMENT


ARCHITECTURAL DRAUGHTSMAN (for batch of 24 candidates)

S No. Name of items Specification Quantity


A. GENERAL OUTFIT FOR CLASSROOM
1. Dual Desk 12 Nos.
2. Drawing Boards measuring 24+1Sets
1250mm x900mm fixed over
adjustable stand
3. Armless chair with back (revolving 24 Nos.
type)
4. Students Lockers with 8 compartments 3 Nos.
5. Chest of Drawers 4 Nos.
6. Steel bookcase (with lockable glass 1 No.
shutters)
7. Instructor’s table with glass top 3 No.
8. Chairs for Computer lab 24 Nos.
9. Instructor’s revolving with 3 Nos.
armchair
10 Steel Almirah 2 Nos.
11. Magnetic White Board 2 Nos.
12. Pin-up board (with or without 6 Nos.
stand)
13. Working table size - 1250x950 3 Nos.
14. Air conditioner 1.5ton capacity each 2 nos. for each
room
15. Desktop Computer CPU: 32/64 Bit i3/i5/i7 or latest
processor, Speed: 3 GHz or Higher.
RAM: - 4 GB DDR-III or Higher, Wi-Fi
Enabled. Network Card: Integrated
Gigabit Ethernet, with USB Mouse, 24+1Sets
USB Keyboard and Monitor (Min. 17
Inch. Licensed Operating System and
Antivirus compatible with trade
related software. Graphics card 4gb
17. Multi-function Laser color printer 1 no
A3 size
18. 5KVA or higher online UPS Online UPS 2 NOS
19. Computer workstation (module 24 nos.
type)

43
Architectural Draughtsman

20. Bookshelf with glass shutter 1 no.


21. As per
LAN connectivity
requirement
22. Minimum 50mbps speed As per
Internet connection
requirement
24. Vacuum cleaner Wet & dry,1200 suction 2 nos.
25. LCD projector with screen / LED Short length Wi-fi connection 1 no
display with inbuilt computer with HDMI
screen/Interactive Smart Board
26. Interactive board touch screen 83 inch 1 no
27. 2mm,4mm,1mm,0.5mm As per
Graphic Pens
requirement
28. CAD software / CAD within built Latest version education 24+1 users
BIM
29 REVIT Latest version education 24+1 users
30 SKETCH UP Latest version education 24+1 users
31 PHOTO SHOP Latest version education 24+1 users
32 Hard disk(portable) 2TB 2NO
33 I7, 32 GB RAM,4GB GRAPHICS CARD 2 NO
LAP TOP (FOR TRAINER)
AND 2TB HDD, WINOWS10
34 PA System Speaker sound system 1 set
35 Wi-Fi dongle 4mbps speed 1no
36 Visitors chair With arm, revolving 04 nos.
37 Printer Table Wooden, movable 01 no.
Mouse & Keyboard should be treated as Raw Material.
B. LIST OF CONSUMABLES FOR 24 TRAINEES AND ONE INSTRUCTOR
36 Adjustable set square with 30 cm 24 + 1 sets
beveled edge
37. Compass with Long arm & pen 30 cm 24 + 1 Nos.
holder
38. Protractor 15 cm 24 + 1 Nos.
39. Triangular Scale 30 cm (feet-inch, metric) 24 + 1 Nos.
40. Clutch pencil 0.5mm, 0.2 mm, 2mm. 24 + 1 Nos.
41. Parallel Bar / T scale 1250 mm long 24 +1 Nos.
42. Plastic French curve with ink edge set of 12 3 sets
44. Furniture template 1:50, 1:100,1:200 24+1 Nos.
45. Circular and oval template 24+1 Nos.
46. Metric Tape-5M 30mts 24+1 Nos.
47. Calculator scientific 05 Nos
48. Beam Compass with pen holder 02 Nos.

44
Architectural Draughtsman

42. Pen Drive 32GB/64GB As per


requirement
Note:
1. The quantities of hand Tools may be increased according to the No. of Trainees on roll
(including the Strength of Additional Unit, if any).
2. In addition to the list, small measuring tapes, Drawing Sheet, Tracing Paper, Butter Sheet,
Color Pencils, Poster colours, painting brushes, Pencils (of various grades), Pencil Leads, Cello
tape, Eraser, drafting pens, Mount boards and any other Raw Materials would be issued as
per the requirement and will be considered as consumable items.
3. For faculty members Raw Materials like Pen Drive, Pocket Hard Disk, Memory Card, Re-writable
CDs & DVD etc., may be provided.
4. Internet facility is desired to be provided in the classroom.

45
Architectural Draughtsman

ABBREVIATIONS

CTS Craftsmen Training Scheme


ATS Apprenticeship Training Scheme
CITS Craft Instructor Training Scheme
DGT Directorate General of Training
MSDE Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
NTC National Trade Certificate
NAC National Apprenticeship Certificate
NCIC National Craft Instructor Certificate
LD Loco motor Disability
CP Cerebral Palsy
MD Multiple Disabilities
LV Low Vision
HH Hard of Hearing
ID Intellectual Disabilities
LC Leprosy Cured
SLD Specific Learning Disabilities
DW Dwarfism
MI Mental Illness
AA Acid Attack
PwD Person with disabilities

46
Architectural Draughtsman

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