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    Gerunds

    Uploaded by

    jlawrykelly

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    GRAMMAR REFERENCE

    a Dependent prepositions m Gerunds

    1 Here is a list of common verbs and the 1 The gerund is the -ing form of the verb used as a
    prepositions that follow them. noun, either as the subject or object of the verb.
    complain about insure against react against Selling is all about persuasion.
    hint at account for hope for Getting through to the right person isn't
    long for opt for pay for always easy.
    strive for emerge from stem from
    My idea of relaxation is going to a fitness centre.
    suffer from invest in result in
    bet on insist on re/y on 2 Gerunds follow prepositions.
    amount to lead to abject to
    We are committed to giving the highest quality.
    refer to relate to resort to
    We depend on having fast communications.
    associate with contend with sympathise with
    3 They are often used to begin an item in a list.
    2 Some verbs may be followed by more than one
    Good leaders are skilled at:
    preposition, with a corresponding change in
    • fixing goals
    meaning.
    • motivating people
    How did you learn ofhis sudden departure? • producing creative ideas.
    I hope you will learn from your mistakes.
    The team consists of (= is made up of) two 4 Gerunds can be made negative, used in the
    Americans and two Japanese. passive and used with past verb forms.
    For her, job satisfaction consists in (= is based It's wonderful not having to get up early
    on) having almost no work to do. for work.
    3 Here is a list of common adjectives and the Being kidnapped is not a pleasant experience.
    prepositions that follow them. He mentioned having met our main competitor.
    lacking in aware of capableaf 5 Many verbs are followed by a gerund
    representative of contingent on intent on (e.g. admit, avoid, consider, deny, dislike,
    reliant an conducive to essential to involve, mention, recommend, risk, suggest).
    parallel to prone to susceptible to
    vulnerable to compatible with filled with
    He denied fiddling his expenses.
    I dislike having to eat at my desk.
    4 This is a list of common nouns and the She suggests raising the price.
    prepositions that follow them.
    6 Some verbs are followed by either a gerund
    admiration for aptitude for bid for
    or an infinitive. The choice of one or the other
    demand for need for remedy for
    usually leads to a change in meaning.
    respect for responsibility for room for
    search for substitute for threat to Increased production may mean taking
    access to alternative to contribution to on extra staff at the weekend. (= involve)
    damage to exception to introduction ta I didn't mean to cause any offence.
    reference to resistance to solution to (= intend to)
    ban on comment on constraint on He remembered to buy his wife a present.
    curb on effect on tax on
    (= He didn't forget.)
    contrast with dealings with dissatisfaction with
    He remembers buying his wife a present.
    involvement with relationship with sympathy with
    (= He has a clear recollection of this.)

    7 The gerund is formed by adding -ing to the


    base form of the verb.
    She's talking to a client.
    However, some gerunds require minor
    spelling changes.
    • For verbs ending in -e, take away the
    e before adding -ing.
    He's making some coffee.
    • For verbs ending in consonant + vowel +
    consonant, double the final consonant
    and add -ing.
    Is anyone sitting here?
    But do not double the final consonant if
    it is in an unstressed syllable.
    developing, marketing

    150
    Scanned for Agus Suwanto

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