Name:

 
Name: ___________________________________________  D ate:  _______________________  
Date:

Introduction to Microbes
Introduction to Microbes and
and Infectious
Infectioug Disease
Viøaø
Station 1) Pathogens
Station Pathogens
l) Station 3) Discovery
SfaHon 3) Viscovery
Pathogens  
Pathogens a Pathogens are microorganisms
re  ___________________  
are
My  
My nname ame  iiss  Anton  vvon
Anton on  
capable  
capable o off  causing  _are
______________.  
capable of causing disease.
causing
Leeuwenhoek,  
Leeuwenhoek, a nd  iinn  _1676
and ____  
Examples:  
Examples:
I  ddocumented
ocumented  m myy  d iscovery  
discovery
• ___________________  
bacteria
I

of  
of ____________________.  
microorganisms  
• ___________________  
viruses,
___________________  
protozoa,
• ___________________  
and/fungi

Pathogens  
Pathogens rrelease elease  __________  
toxins tthat
hat  m ake  
make Before  
Before b acteria  w
bacteria as  rreadily
was eadily  uunderstood,
nderstood,  w hat  ddid
what id  
us  
us s ick;  ccan
an  llead
ead  to
to  _______________   iiff  lleft
e<   people   think  ccaused
people think aused  ddiseases,
iseases,  ssuch
uch  aass  SSyphilis?
yphilis?  
sick; necrosis syphilis is an STD transmitted by bacteria.
untreated.  
untreated.  
______________________________________________
However, for many years it was
______________________________________________
 
considered a disease for the immoral,
_____________________________________________.      
What  
What aare re  oopportunistic
pportunis>c  ppathogens?
athogens?    
or some type of punishment from God.
they only cause disease in hosts that are
___________________________________ Station 4)
Station 4) The Savior of
The Savior of Mothers
Motherf
already unhealthy and have
___________________________________    W ho  was  IIgnaz
gnaz  SSemmelweis?
emmelweis?  
Who was
compromised immune systems.
___________________________________.     ________________________________________
he is an Austrian obstetrician
________________________________.    
Station 2) General Types of Pathogens
Station 2) General Types of Pathogens
 
Bacteria  
Bacteria            S ingle  ccelled
Single elled  _______________.  
prokaryotes.   What  
What iiss  cchildbed
hildbed  ffever?
ever?  
Childbed fever, or puerperal fever, is an infection in the
________________________________________
The  m
The ost  ccommon
most ommon  ppathogen; athogen;  though
though  m ost  bbacteria
most acteria  iiss  
______   _ ________________   o r   h ighly   p athogenic.   ________________________________________
female reproductive tracts caused by bacteria on the
not harmful or highly pathogenic.
Treated  w
Treated with ith  _________________.  
antibiotics   ______________________________.  
doctors’ hands.
 
Why  
Why iiss  SSemmelweis
emmelweis  kknown
nown  aass  the
the  “"savior"
savior”  o
off  
Fungi  
Fungi mothers?  
mothers? ______________________________  
Fungi  
Fungi c an  bbee  ssingle
can ingle  ccelled
elled  oorr  m ul>cellular.  M
multicellular. ade  uupp  ooff  
Made Semmelweis decreased the mortality rate of mothers
_______________________________________.       at his
eukaryotic
________________    ccells ells  (________,  
molds __________)    
yeast
( hospital from 25% to less than
Fungi  
Fungi is a necessary component o
i s   a   n ecessary   component   off  the
the  eearth
arth  ccycle's;
ycle’s;   Station
S+aHon 5) Robert Koch’s
5) Robert Experiments
V-och'5 Experiments
most  
most ffungi ungi  iiss  _not
___  ____________.  
harmful   Summarize  
Summarize K och’s  eexperiments
Koch's xperiments  bbyy  w ri>ng  eeither
writing ither  
Infec>ous  
Infectious fungi fungi  iiss  treated
treated    w
with ith  ________________.  
anti fungals   “health”  
"health" o orr  “ death”  iinn  the
"death" the  ttext
ext  bboxes
oxes  

 health
 
Protozoan
Protozoan Parasites  
Parasites
eukaryotes Mice  
Mice + +  Blood  from
from  hhealthy
ealthy  farm
farm  aanimal
nimal    
Single  
Single c elled  ___________________.    
Blood
celled
Many   n eed  
Many need multiple m ul>ple   _ _______  
multiple hosts t hroughout  
throughout t heir  
their llife
ife       death
cycle  
cycle ((such
such  aass  aann  iinsect
nsect  o
orr  rrodent
odent  ___________).  
vector  
Mice  
Mice + +  Blood  ffrom
Blood rom  uunhealthy/dead
nhealthy/dead    farm
farm  aanimal
nimal    
Treated  w
Treated ith  _________________  
with antiprotozoal aagents.
gents.  
What  
What d id  KKoch's
did och’s  eexperiment
xperiment  pprove?
rove?  
Viruses Viruses  
Viruses Viruses a re  m
are ade  uupp  ooff  eencapsulated
made ncapsulated  _DNA
_____     __________________________________________
anthrax (bacteria) was causing
_________________________________________.  
the death of many farm animals.
and  
and p rotein;  _____  
protein; Not cells ____________.    
 
Not  
Not a ll  viruses
viruses  aare re  hharmful
armful  ttoo  hhumans.
umans.  
Name  
Name o ne  oother
ther  aaccomplishment
ccomplishment  ooff  KKoch's:
och’s:  
all
one
Can  
Can b e  treated
treated  uusing antivirals.
sing  _______________.     He also developed a sugar-based gelatine to grow*
be __________________________________________
  _________________________________________.  
bacteria in, and produced one of the first  
 
Vanessa  Jason  (“Biology  Roots”)  www.biology-­‐roots.com  
Vanessa Jason ("Biology Roots") www.biology-roots.com
antibiotics.
 
 Introduction to Microbes
Introduction to Microbeg and
and Infectious
Infectioug Disease
Viøaø
Station 6) Aerobic
Station Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Anaerobic
(0)
Anaerobic    
Anaerobic
vc,.

Aerobic  
Aerobic   o o
• Cannot  
Cannot g grow xygen;  iitt  iiss  _toxic
row  iinn  ooxygen; ________  
• Microorganisms  
Microorganisms that that  aare
re  aaerobic
erobic  aare
re   for   them.  
for them.
known  
known a as aerobes
s  “____________”.     • Are  
Are n ot  aable
not ble  to
to  m
makeake  aass  m uch  
much
• Can  
Can ____  
use _oxygen ____________  ttoo  bbreak reak  ddown
own   __________  
energy  a s  aaerobes.
as erobes.  
________  m
efficiently olecules  ffor
molecules energy
or  __________.     • Live  
Live iin n  pplaces
laces  wwherehere  ooxygen
xygen  iiss   o o
slower absent
__________  
• Growth  
Growth iiss  __________  tto o  hhow ow  m uch  
much
охygen. steady available • Break  
Break d down own  ffood
ood  w ithout  ooxygen xygen  iinn  aa  
_________   iiss  ___________   without
process   called   _ fermentation
______________.    
• ______  iinn  aareas
aerobes reas  w here  ooxygen
where xygen  iiss  rreadily
eadily   process called
 
available.  
available.  

• Aerobic bacteria
Aerobic  ____________   iiss  tthe
he  lleading
eading   Facultatitve a
______________   naerobes  ttypically
anaerobes ypically  uuse se  _oxygen
________  
cause  
cause o off  clinical  iinfections
clinical nfec>ons  aamong mong   : to  
to b reak  ddown
break own  food,
food,  bbut ut  ccan
an  sswitch
witch  ttoo  _anaerobic
____________  
_________  ppathogens.
microorganism athogens.     mode  
mode iiff  o xygen  iiss  nnot
oxygen ot  aavailable.
vailable.      

Station 7 Flagella
Station Flagella Station 9)
Station q) Nonpathogenic Bacteria
Nonpathogenic Bacteria
Plenty  
Plenty o off  b acteria  aare
bacteria re  aactually
ctually  
The  
The ssingular
ingular  fform
orm  o off  fl flagellum
agella  iiss  ________________,   aand
nd  it  
flagella it
_______________,  
beneficial iinn  ffact
act  your
your    
means   whip
means “_________”.     body  
body cconsists onsists  ooff  m ore  
more
Flagella  
Flagella c an  bbee  ffound
can ound  iinn  the
the  ffollowing
ollowing  types
types  o
off  o rganisms:    
organisms: bacterial
 ____________________  
bacteria
• _______________      Ÿ  ___________   fungi  ccells
ells  tthan
han  hhuman
uman  ccells.
ells.    
protozoans Ÿ_________________  
 
Helpful  
Helpful b acteria  aare
bacteria re  aalso
lso  kknown
nown  
Monotrichous
Monofrichous “commensal bacteria
 aass  __________________    
1 flagellum
___________________.    
Amphitrichous
Amphifrichous
A flagellum at each end
Station 10) Gram
Station Gram Positive
Positive & Gram
10) Gram Negative
Negative
Lophotrichous Gram  
Gram p osi>ve  bbacteria
acteria  hhave
ave  aa  tthick
hick  llayer
ayer  ooff  
Lophofrichous 2 or more flagella at one end positive
peptidoglycan.
__________________   tthat
hat  ddyes
yes  aa  
Peritrichous ____________  
crystal violet ccolor.olor.  
Flagella all over
Perifrichous
 
Endotrichous
Endofrichous Flagella are tightly wrapped against Gram  
Gram ____________  
negative bbacteria
acteria  ddoo  nnot
ot  hhave
ave  aa  
the cell thick  
thick llayer
ayer  ooff  ppeptidoglycan,
ep>doglycan,  aand
nd  ttherefore
herefore  
show  
show u red or pink
p  aass  aa  _____________  ccolor
up olor  w hen  ddyed.
when yed.    
 
What  
What iiss  the
the  function
func>on  o
off  tthe
he  fl agella?  
flagella? The  ddyes
The yes  uused
sed  ttoo  ddetermine
etermine  Gram  ppositive
Gram osi>ve  vvs.
s.  
Flagella are used for movement. The back and
_________________________________________ Gram  
Gram n ega>ve  aare
negative methylene_blue
re  _________   __________  oorr  
crystal violet*
___________________________.  
forth propeller motion propels the cell forward.   ______________  ________.      
 
Why  
Why aarere  G ram  nnegative
Gram ega>ve  bbacteria
acteria  m ore  
more
Station 8)
Station Bacteria
8) Bacteria resistant  
resistant against antibiotics than gram p
a gainst   a n>bio>cs   t han   gram   osi>ve  
positive
Bacteria  
Bacteria a re  ccategorized
are ategorized  iinto
nto  33  ggeneral
eneral  sshapes:
hapes:   bacteria?   _ ____________________________  
bacteria? This is because of their impenetrable
coccus (plural: cocci),
• ___________________   ______________________________________
cell wall.
• ___________________  
bacillus (plural:bacilli), ______________________________________.  
• ___________________    
spiral.
  Gram  
Gram n ega>ve  bbacteria
negative acteria  ccontainontain  aann  o uter  ssugar
outer ugar  
All  
All b acteria  aare
bacteria Prokayotes
re  ____________________   single celled
(___________   coa>ng     t hat   can  
coating that can help the bacteriah elp   t he   b acteria  
_____________  oorganisms rganisms  tthat
hat  llack
ack  aa  nnucleus).
ucleus).         The sugar coating helps the
______________________________________.    
Vanessa  Jason
Jason  (("Biology
“Biology  RRoots")
oots”)  w ww.biology-­‐roots.com  
bacteria adhere to surfaces.
Vanessa www.biology-roots.com
 Introduction to Microbes
Introduction to Microbes and
and Infectious
Infectious Disease
Viøaø
Station 11) Bacteria
Station Shapes
Bacteria Shapeg
II)
Station 12) Looking
Station Looking at
12) Bacteria- Label  
at Bacteria- Label a nd  
and
  sketch  
sketch w what hat  you
you  ssee
ee  uunder
nder  tthe
he  m icroscopes  
microscopes
  Shape
Shape Description
VucripHon
in  
in e ach  ccircle
each ircle  bbelow:
elow:    
 
Bacillus  
Bacillus
  Rod shaped
 
Coccus  
Coccus Spherical shape

Spiral  
Spiral Spiral Shaped

Prefixes  
Prefixes c an  sspecify
can pecify  tthe
he  bbacterial
acterial  sshape
hape  ffurther:
urther:    
Diplo=  
Diplo= _____________  
paired
Strepto=_____________  
Strepto= chain-like
Staphylo=  
Staphylo= ______________  
grape-like clusters
 
Based  
Based o on n  this
this  iinformation,
nforma>on,  ddraw
raw  aa  ddiplococci:
iplococci:    
 
Draw  
Draw a a  d iplobaccili:    
diplobaccili:
 
 
Draw  
Draw a a  s taphylococci:    
staphylococci: Teacher  
Teacher IInitial
ni>al      
    x ____________________  
x  

Station 13) Bacilli Bacteria

Station Bacteria
13) Bacilli Station 14) Cocci
Station Cocci bacteria
14) bacteria

• _______  
Rod sshaped haped   • ________________  
Spherical iinn  sshape hape  
• O<en  
Often times c
> mes   ontain  _____________  
contain Flagella ffor
or  movement  
movement • Mostly  
Mostly ________   _____________  
gram positive
•  Gram  ______________  
Gram positive • Mostly  
Mostly _ _________;  
aerobic ssome ome  ____________  
•
facultative anaerobes
• Can  
Can be b e   _ ____________  
aerobic o
orr  facultative
faculta>ve  aanaerobic
naerobic   _____________,  aa  ffew
ew  aare
re  ttrue
rue  ___________.  
true anaerobes
Found   virtually  aanywhere,
Found virtually nywhere,  iincluding:
ncluding:     Ex amples ooff illillne5545
Example; nesses ca used by
cauged Vy ccocci
occ i
• Soil  
Soil
bacter i a  
Vac+eria
living things
• __________   _________      
Gram  
water
• _______________   Gram
Posi>ve  
 
Strep Throat ,Meningitis, Food Poisoning,
•• Extreme  
Extreme e nvironments  
Positive
Toxic Shock Syndrome ,Sepsis (blood
 
environments
 
poisoning)
What  
What a re  eendospores?
are ndospores?  _________________________   Gram  
Gram Gonorrhea
____________________________________________
Endospores are typically produced when current Nega>ve  
Negative • Meningococcal meningitis
environmental conditions are not favorable. They consist of a
____________________________________________
What  
What iiss  M RSA  aand
MRSA nd  why  iiss  iitt  aa  pproblem?
why roblem?  
capsule containing DNA and ribosomes. Endospores are
____________________________________________.    
___________________________________
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
resistant
  against antibiotics.
___________________________________
Staph infection of the skin that is resistant to
Examples
Example; of
of illnesses
illnec,545 caused
cawd byVy bacilli bacteria
Vacferia:: Vacilli
___________________________________
most antibiotic’s Problematic in hospitals where
___________________________________
many patients have compromised immune
Tuberculosis, Tetanus ,Botulism,
__________________________________.  
systems.    
Whooping Cough , Plague
Diphtheria
Vanessa  Jason
Vanessa Jason  (("Biology
“Biology  RRoots")
oots”)  w ww.biology-­‐roots.com  
www.biology-roots.com
 Introduction to Microbes
Introduction to Microbeg and
and Infectious
Infectioug Disease
Viøaø
Station 15) Spiral
Skation Spiral Bacteria
Bacteria
15) Vibrio cholerae are bacteria*
Examples  
Examples o off  Spiral  bbacteria:
Spiral acteria:    
that can cause cholera
• Gram  
Gram ______________  
negative  
  water borne disease ,Spirochetes, such as the
• Mostly  
Mostly ________________  
anaerobic  
  bacteria , which causes Lyme disease, are
corkscrew shaped with slightly wrapped
Spirillum  
Spirillum   Spirochete  
Spirochete Vibrio  
Vibrio  

frequently have flagella very long and thin with endoflagella comma shaped with patial twist

Station 16) Antibiotics

Station ID knHVioHc5 Station 17) Pathogenic
Station Pathogenic Protozoa
II)Protozoa
An>bio>cs  aare
Antibiotics re  uused
sed  ttoo  ttreat
reat  _______________  
serious Protozoans  
Protozoans m ade  uupp  o
made off  s ingle    _________________  
single -celled eukaryoticccells.
ells.  
infec>ons  
infections o nly.      

Examples  
Examples o off  d iseases  ccaused
aused  bbyy  iinfectious
nfec>ous  
only.
  diseases
Examples  
Examples o off  a n>bio>cs:  
antibiotics: protozoans  
protozoans iinclude:
nclude:    
sulfa drugs
• _________________   • Malaria  
Malaria
• _________________  
penicillin brain. e
• ________   a>ng  __________  
eating amoeba
 

An>bio>cs  ccan
Antibiotics an  pprevent
revent  ffurther
urther  bbacterial
acterial   • Amoebic  
Amoebic ______________  
dysentery
infec>on  
infection iinn  oone
ne  ooff  ttwo
wo  w ays:  
ways: trichomonas
• ________________  
 

1)
1) Prohibi>ng  
Prohibiting c ertain  _enzymes
certain _____________  tthat hat   • Chagas  
Chagas d isease  
disease
cell walls Leishmaniasis
bacteria  
bacteria n eed  to
need to  bbuild
uild  ttheir
heir  _______   • _______________________    
________.      
2)
2) Prohibi>ng  
Prohibiting c ertain  eenzymes
certain nzymes  tthat hat  bbacteria
acteria   Antiprotozoals
____________________   aare
re  uused
sed  ttoo  ttreat
reat  pprotozoa
rotozoa  
need   replicate
to  ___________   DNA  
their  ______.  
need to their
specific enzymes
infec>ons.   These  ttarget
infections. These
Growth
arget  ____________  tthat hat  aaffect
ffect    
These  aantibiotic
These n>bio>c  methods  pprevent
methods revent  bbacteria
acteria   the  
the _________  o off  p rotozoans.    
protozoans.
from  ggrowing
from rowing  aand
nd  ____________________.  
multiplying    
 
What  
Station 18) Monoxenous vs Heteroxenous
Monoxenoug vg
What iiss  p enicillin?    _Penicillin
____________________   Station Heteroxenoug
is a fungus that can
18)
penicillin?
_____________________________________.  
prohibit bacterial growth.   Monoxenous=   host
Monoxenous= __________  
direct ccontact
ontact  w ith  _________.  
with
   EExample:
xample:  ___________  
drinking dirty___________  w ater.    
water.
Synthe>c  
Synthetic d eriva>ves  ooff  ppenicillin
derivatives enicillin  iinclude
nclude    

methicillin múltiple hosts

_______________   aand amoxicillin
nd  ________________.     Heteroxenous=  
Heteroxenous= R equires  __________  ________;  ccan
Requires an   ,

  include  
include a a  vector  ssuch
vector uch  aass  __________  
malaria aand
nd  rrodents.
odents.    
What  
What d oes  M
does RSA  sstand
MRSA tand  ffor?
or?   kissing bugs
Methicillin resistant Examples:  
Examples: M alaria  (_____________).    
Malaria
______________________________________    
(

Staphylococcus aureus
Station 19) Entoamoebas
Station M) Entoamoebag
Most  
Most p rotozoans  rrequire
protozoans equire  _________   ___________  ttoo  tthrive.
warm climates hrive.  
 
What  
What aarere  tthe
he  ssymptoms
ymptoms  ooff  aamoebic
moebic  d ysentery?  _____________________________________________  
dysentery? infects the intestines
__________________________________________________________________________________.    
 

Are  
Are e ntoamoebas  m
entoamoebas onoxenous  oorr  hheteroxenous?
monoxenous eteroxenous?  EExplain.
xplain.      ________________________________  
_________________________________________________________________________________.  
Entamoebas are monoenous because they primally rely in direct contact with single host tor they cycle  
   
Vanessa  Jason
Vanessa Jason  (("Biology
“Biology  RRoots")
oots”)  w ww.biology-­‐roots.com  
www.biology-roots.com
 Station 20) Pathogenic Protozoa- Plasmodia
Station 20) Pathogenic Protozoa- Plasmodia Station 21) Pathogenic
Station Pathogenic Protozoa:
21) Protozoa: Chagas
Chagag
Plasmodia  
Plasmodia c cause
malaria
ause  _______________,   w hich  iiss  ttransmitted
which ransmiged   Disease
by   Which   type  ooff  pprotozoan
rotozoan  ccauses
auses  CChagas
hagas    
by ___________   ________________.    
female mosquitoes Which type
  disease?   trypanosomes
disease? _______________________  
Symptoms  
Symptoms o off  m alaria:  
malaria:
 

•• Headache  
Headache  Ÿ•  FFever ever   Can  
Can a a  m osquito  ppass
mosquito ass   How  
How iiss  C hagas  ddisease
Chagas isease  ttransmitted
ransmiged  from
from  
kissing   If the fly bites a human, they
malaria  
malaria o n  from
on from  oone
ne   kissing b ugs?  ______________________  
fever
• ____________   bugs?
human   to  aanother?
nother?   immediately poop near the site of the bite. If the
___________________________________
human to
• Pain  
Pain    Ÿ    C hills  
Chills yes mosquitoes person tries to smack the bug off, or itch the bite,
_____________________ ___________________________________
sweating
• _____________   can Pass malaria they might smear some of the poop into the bite,
_____________________ __________________________________.  
• Dry  
Dry __________  
cough from one human
_____________________
   which transfers the typanosomes into bloodstream.
• Spleen  
Spleen ______________   to another though How  
How ddoes
oes  C hagas  ddisease
Chagas isease  aaffect
ffect  tthe
he  bbody?
ody?  
enlargement _____________________ The parasite that causes Chagas, trypanosomes,
• Nausea   their bites. ___________________________________
Nausea _____________________ attack the nervous system. This eventually leads to
• ________________  
vomiting ___________________________________
____________________.     organ damage, specifically in the heart, colon, and
  __________________________________.  
   
esophagus.
 
 
When  
When the the  m osquitoes  bbite
mosquitoes ite  their
their  hhost,
ost,  pplasmodia
lasmodia   An>rprotozoals  uused
Antirprotozoals sed  ttoo  treat
treat  CChagas
hagas  
___________________  
sporozoites aare
re  iintroduced
ntroduced  iinto nto  tthe
he   disease  
disease ttarget
arget  _________________,  
glycosomes
bloodstream  
bloodstream a nd  ddevelop
and evelop  iinn  tthehe  _________________.  
liver structures  
structures ffound
ound  w ithin  tthe
within he  ttrypanosomes.
rypanosomes.  
 
Eventually,  
Eventually, tthey hey  aare
re  rreleased
eleased  iinto
nto  tthe
he  bbloodstream
loodstream  aand
nd  
red blood cells Is  
Is C hagas  ddisease
Chagas isease  ccaused
aused  bbyy  m onoxenous  oorr  
monoxenous
agack  
attack tthe
he  ______  ________  _______.      
  heteroxenous  
heteroxenous p rotozoa?  ((See
protozoa? See  SStation
ta>on  118) 8)  
How  
How m any  ppeople
many eople  aare
re  iinfected
nfected  w ith  m
with alaria  eeach
malaria ach  yyear,
ear,   __________________________________  
heteroxences protozoos
approximately?  
approximately? ______________________________  
one million      
  Station
 
Station 23) Fungal Infectiong
23) Fungal Infections of of the the Skin Skin andand Nails Nailf

Station
 
Station 22)
22) Pathogenic
Pathogenic Fungi Fungi  
___________________   Dermatophytes a re  ffungi
are ungi  that
that  ccan
an  
yeast mold  
Only  __________  or  _____________  
or can  be  pathogenic.    
can be pathogenic.
infect  
 
infect the  sskin.
the kin.    
 Only Fungal  
Fungal iinfections nfec>ons  ccan an  ooccur
ccur  oonn  tthe
he  sskin
kin  iiff  
_____________  
mycotoxins aare
re  ttoxins
oxins  pproduced
roduced  bbyy  ppathogenic
athogenic  ffungi.
ungi.  
 
the  sskin
the kin  iis...
s…    
Fungi  
Fungi llike
ike  warm,  m
warm, oist  pplaces
moist laces  o
onn  the
the  hhuman
uman  bbody
ody  ssuch
uch   -­‐_______________  
damaged ssomehow;
omehow;  
as  
as ________  
skin folds_______,  tthe he  __________,  
mouth ffeet,
eet,  ________,  
ears -­‐If  
-If the the  hhost's
ost’s  _____________  
immune ssystem ystem  iiss  
and  
and  _____________.  
genitals   compromised;  
compromised;
 
-­‐If  
-If the the  cconditions
ondi>ons  aare re  rright
ight  (_______;  
warm
Some  
Some m olds  pproduce
roduce  _spores
________,  w hich  ccan
an  iinfect
nfect  tthe
he  
(

molds which
lungs ________)   moist
__________  iiff  iinhaled. nhaled.    
(or  
(or a a  combina>on  o
combination off  tthese
hese  ssituations)!
itua>ons)!    
 
Station 24) Rrborne
Airborne Fungal
Fungal Infection  
Station 24) Infection
  Common  
Common ffungal ungal  iinfections
nfec>ons  iinclude: nclude:  
Mold   pproduces spores w
roduces  _________,   hich  ccan
an  bbecome
ecome  aairborne.
irborne.    
 
Mold which ringworms
• ________________   Athlete’s  _foot
Ÿ•  Athlete's ______  
The   two  m
  two
The ost  ccommon
most ommon  types
types  o off  ffungal
ungal  llung
ung  iinfections
nfec>ons  
• Candida  
Candida (_______)  
yeast Ÿ ______  jock iitch tch  
 
(

found  
found iinn  hhospitals
ospitals  aare
re  _______________  
cándida and    
  aspergillus
____________________.    
   
 SfaHon
Station 25)
25) Candida
Candida
 Symptoms    
Symptoms iincludenclude  ______________,  
coughing _____________  
wheezing
Candida  
Candida iiss  a
ann  _highly
_________________  
opportunistic
  ppathogen.
athogen.    
and  
and _______________________.  
headaches  
 
Candida   iinfections
nfec>ons  ccan an  bbee  ffound
ound  iinn  the
the  sskin,
kin,  
Typically   fungal  llung ung  iinfections
nfec>ons  aare re  aa  ssecondary
econdary  iinfection
nfec>on   Candida
Typically fungal
of  
of s omeone  w
someone who ho  aalready
lready  hhas as  aa  _______________  
compromised lungs,   _, _____,
ears Mouth
lungs, ______,  ____________,  iintestines
ntes>nes  &
&  
immune  
immune ssystem.ystem.     _______________.  
genitals  
  Vanessa  Jason  (“Biology  Roots”)  www.biology-­‐roots.com  
Vanessa Jason ("Biology Roots") www.biology-roots.com
 Station 26) Viruses
Station 2b) Viruses Station 27) Influenza
Station 27) Influenza
Viruses  
Viruses a re  tthe
are he  ________________  
smallest ppathogen.
athogen.   The  iinfluenza
The nfluenza  virus
virus  iiss  aa  hhighly
ighly  ccontagious
ontagious  virus
virus  o
off  tthe
he  
 
cells   _____________  
respiratory tract ____________.    
Viruses  
Viruses a re  N
are OT  m
NOT ade  uupp  ooff  __________.  
made
  If  
If a a  d og  hhas
dog as  iinfluenza,
nfluenza,  it  iiss  m
it ost  llikely
most ikely  ttype A    
ype  ____.  
Why  
Why m ight  ssome
might ome  aargue
rgue  tthat
hat    vviruses
iruses  aare
re  nnot
ot   Which  
Which ttype ype  ooff  iinfluenza
nfluenza  aaffects
ffects  m ostly  cchildren?
mostly hildren?  _B____  
living  
living c reatures?  _________________________  
creatures? The  flu
The flu  aaccounts
ccounts  ffor or    2250,000- 500,000
50,000-­‐  ___________   ddeaths/year.
eaths/year.  
 
_______________________________________
because they rely on hosts DNA
replicating mechanisms in order to The  iinfluenza
The nfluenza  virus
virus  ttends
ends  ttoo  bbee  eever
ver  cchanging
hanging  
__________________________________.  
 
make more of itself. (_____________;  
evolving ______________).  
mutating The  flu
The
). flu  vaccine's
vaccine’s  
An>virals  
Antivirals ((circle
circle  oone)
ne)  [[target
target    |    ddoo  nnot
I
ot  ttarget]
arget]   effec>veness  
effectiveness d epends  o
depends onn  hhow
ow  w matches
ell  it  ____________  tthe
well it he  
viruses;  
viruses; rrather
ather  aantivirals
n>virals  iinhibit
nhibit  vviral iral  ggrowth
rowth  bbyy   flu  viruses
flu viruses  tthat
hat  aare
re  ccausing
ausing  iillness.
llness.    
 
preven>ng  
preventing tthemhem  ffrom
rom  uunpacking
npacking  
____________________________________.     The  flu
The flu  ccan
an  llead
ead  to
to  _______________  
pheumonia ((potentially
poten>ally  fatal)
fatal)  
 

Viruses  
Viruses c an  bbee  transmitted
can transmiged  bbyy  _inhaling
___________   Station 28)
Station 28) Herpeg
Herpes Simplex
Simplex Virug Virus
swallowing
them,  
them, ____________  tthem, sexually transmitted Those  
hem,  _____________   Those iinfected
nfected  w ith  H
with HSVSV  aare
re  typically
typically  __________________  
asymptomatic
transmiged,  
transmitted, o orr  from
from  _________  
insects o orr  _________  
roaches because  
because t he  
the h erpes  
herpes v irus  
virus can  
can remain  
remain _ ______________  
dormant ffor
or  
bites.  
bites.  
long  
long p eriods  ooff  >
periods me.  
time.
 

 
During  
During a ann  ooutbreak,
utbreak,  w hich  ssymptoms
which ymptoms  m mayay  aa  pperson
erson  hhave?
ave?  
List  
List 5 5  examples  ooff  vviruses
examples iruses  you've
you’ve  hheard
eard  ooff   fluid-filled blíster on the skin
________________________________________________  
before:   influenza,HIV, measles, mumps ,
before:  _____________________________    

ebola
____________________________________   HSV-­‐1  
HSV-I ccauses
auses  _________________and  
sore throat and ccanan  bbee  ttransmitted
ransmiged  
fluid filled blisters
via   saliva
via ________________.    H SV-­‐2  ccauses
HSV-2 auses  _____________  
__________  aand sexually
nd  iiss  ____________________  ttransmitted. ransmiged.    
Station 30)
Station 30) HIV HIV and and AIDS
 
AIDS  
AIDS sstands
tands  ffor:
or:  
____________________________________  
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Station 29)
Station Hepatitis Virus
20 HepaHH5 Virug
  Hepa>>s  
Hepatitis v iruses  aare
viruses re  rresponsible
esponsible  ffor or  __________  
liver ddisease,
isease,  aand
nd  
HIV  
HIV sstands
tands  ffor:
or:   is  
is thethe  nnumber
umber  oonene  ccause
ause  ooff  lliver failure
iver  _________  aand
nd  ___________  
cirrhois
human immunodeficiency virus
____________________________________    
What  
What iiss  the
the  ssource
ource  ooff  H IV  iinn  hhumans?
HIV umans?   Type  ooff  H
  Type epa>>s  
Hepatitis How  
How iit's t’s  sspread
pread  
chimpanzee in west Africa   A  &  E   are speed through contaminated water or
____________________________________
  human waste
____________________________________ are speed through blood and bodily fluid
  B,  C,  D  
____________________________________ such as semen
 
____________________________________.  
 
Symptoms:  
Symptoms:   mild fever, jaundice, lose of appetite, pain in the belly
HIV  
HIV a gacks  tthe
attacks he  immune
___________   system  and     region , dark urine or light stools
systemsystem and
makes     Station 31) Ebola
makes it  very
very  __________.  
it weak  PPatients
a>ents  aare
re   Station 31) Ebola
 The
The  EEbola
bola  virus
virus  aattacks
gacks  the
the  ______________   ssystem
ystem  aand
nd  
more  
more ssusceptible
uscep>ble  ttoo  ____________  
disease aandnd   immune
_____________.     ____________.  
organs IItt  aalso
lso  aattacks
gacks  __________-­‐_____________  
blood clotting
cancer
.

 
cells,  
cells, w hich  lleads
which eads  ttoo  iinternal
nternal  _________________.  
bleeding  
Symptoms:  
Symptoms: S ystemic  _________,  
Systemic fever w eight  
weight How  
How iiss  EEbola
bola  sspread? contact bodily
pread?  _____________________________   fluids
loss,  
loss, ______________,  
malaise  m outh  ________,  
mouth sours The  ooriginal
riginal  ssource
ource  ooff  EEbolabola  was  m ost  llikely
ikely  ____________  
The was most fruit bats
esophageal  
esophageal ssores,
ores,  m yalgia,  lliver
myalgia, iver  aand
nd  sspleen
pleen   ________  aand nd  o ther  ddiseased
other iseased  aanimals.
nimals.    
_________________,  
lymphadenopathy h eadache,  rrash,
headache, ash,     When  
When aand nd  w here  w
where wasas  the
the  m ost  rrecent
most ecent  ooutbreak
utbreak  ooff  EEbola?
bola?    
nauseas
____________,  vomiting.
vomi>ng.       in February of 2014, an Ebola outbreak hit west Africa