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Reproduction in Plants - IGCSE Biology - IGCSE Pro
Reproduction in Plants - IGCSE Biology - IGCSE Pro
A sprouting seed, a newly born turtle cracking through its egg shell, a baby
🎵
homo sapien sapien receiving its first breath on Earth. Oh, what a wonderful
world
Asexual Reproduction
Question: Whats the difference between a sprouting seed, and a Human Newborn
baby?
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Every Organism has Chromosomes (long threads of DNA found in the nucleus
of the cell) wherein genetic information is contained*. When an organism
reproduces asexually, some of the parent organism's cells undergo cell division
through mitosis*, producing new cell which are genetically identical to their
parent cells.
Potatoes
Looks delicious doesn't it? That's why never study with an empty stomach!
🍟
🍟🍟 🍟🍟🍟
Potatoes reproduce Asexually. That's how we get our Fries , and More Fries
, and even more Fries .
1. A Parent potato plant has two kinds of stems- one which have leaves that
photosynthesise, and one which form stem tubers under the soil.
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2. Sucrose from the leaves gets transported to the stem tubers where it is
converted and stored as starch.
3. Eventually, the tubers grow in size. And when they are large enough, they get
harvested and used as food, and of course, as Fries.
Sexual Reproduction
Yes. Humans reproduce through sexual reproduction.
1. Gametes are sex cells that a parent organism that reproduces through
sexual reproduction produces. These include Egg and Sperm cells.
2. When two gametes fuse together, they form a new cell known as a Zygote. This
process is known as Fertilisation.
3. The Zygote then divides several times until a new organism is formed.
Gametes
A gamete only contains half the number of chromosomes than an ordinary cell.
When a Zygote forms, the two gametes fusing add up to the correct number of
total chromosomes.
Human gametes such as egg and sperm cells only contain 23 chromosomes each.
The normal number of chromosomes in a human cell is 46. When fertilisation
takes place, the Zygote formed will usually have 46 chromosomes (23 + 23 = 46).
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Advantageous characteristics passed over to Wide genetic pool increases chances of survival.
offspring.
Competition for resources such as minerals, light, Offsprings can colonise new areas in search
and water. for resources.
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In plants, sexual reproduction leads to the production of seeds that may be stored
inside its fruit.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants usually takes place in their flowers. The
function of a flower is to make gametes. Usually, plants are a hermaphrodite,
which means that they can produce both- male and female gametes.
Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains, from the male part of the plant (anther
of stamen) to the female part of the plant (stigma).
b. It follows the guidelines towards the nectary and feeds on the nectar.
c. Meanwhile, some pollen gets brushed on its body and remains there.
d. When the insect visits another flower of the same plant or species, it is
likely that some pollen sticks onto the carpel.
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b. The wind may blow some of these pollen onto the carpel of another flower
of the same species.
Large and feathery stigma, dangling outside flower, where wind flows Stigma inside the
Smooth surfaced, light pollen, that can be blown away by the wind Sticky and thorny
Enormous quantities of pollen made, because most will be blown away and lost. Quite large quant
Types of Pollination
There are two types of pollination, namely Self Pollination and Cross Pollination.
Self Pollination
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Definition: Self Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a
flower to the stigma of the same flower or different flower on the same plant.
1. The pollen gets transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma of
the same flower
2. The pollen gets transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a
different flower on the same plant.
Cross Pollination
Note that if the pollen lands on the stigma of a different species, the pollination
will not be successful.
Fertilisation
Pollination just transfers the pollen containing the male gamete to the stigma.
This means that the male gamete has not yet reached the ovule.
Steps to Fertilisation
3. The ovary contains many ovules with a tough covering over each ovule
called integuments.
4. The integuments have a small hole in them to let the male gamete pass
called the micropyle.
7. The male and female gametes fuse together and form a zygote.
Seed germination
FACTOR FUNCTIONS
Water - Makes the seed swell in order to burst open the testa.
Suitable Temperature - Helps enzymes operate efficiently until the optimum temperature is reache
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