Module 5
Module 5
Membrane receptors
General model for a signaling pathway
• Communication between cells – extracellular signaling
molecules.
Extracellular signaling molecules bind to specific
receptors
• Different kinds of signaling molecules: proteins, nucleotides,
steroids, etc.
• Signal-receptor complexes initiate a response.
q
Some G proteins (Gq) regulate the plasma
membrane-bound enzyme phospholipase C-β
• It generates IP3 (soluble) and diacylglycerol (membrane bound)
Some G proteins regulate the plasma membrane-
bound enzyme phospholipase C-β
• Ca2+ release from the ER and activation of PKC at the plasma
membrane
Ca2+ functions as an intracellular mediator
• Ca2+ acts as a signal: [Ca2+] ↓ in the cytosol but ↑ outside the cell
and in the ER.
Src:
non-receptor tyrosine kinase
Membrane bound
Has SH2, SH3 domains
Integrins associate with cytosolic tyrosine kinase
• Integrins (tyrosine kinase-associated receptor) are the main receptors the cells use
to bind to the extracellular matrix.
• Integrins binding to matrix components activate them to cluster and to form a
complex at cell periphery that allows cells to bind their substratum; the complex:
Focal adhesion.
• One of the first proteins to be recruited to this complex is the tyrosine kinase focal
adhesion kinase (FAK), followed by Src.
Signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)
proteins
• TGF-β act as a local mediator or hormone.
• Stimulate receptor Serine/Threonine kinases.
• Cell proliferation and death, tissue repair
Degraded