DEFINITION Review of Related Literature and Studies is a classification and evaluation of accredited scholars, researches, and experimental inferences to be associated in the scientific research. PARTS The review consists of an overview, a summary and an evaluation of the current state of knowledge about the specific area of research. SKILLS Information seeking: the ability to scan the literature efficiency, using manual and computerized methods, to identify a set of useful articles, books and documents. SKILLS Critical appraisal: the ability to apply principles of analysis to identify unbiased and valid studies. MUST… be organized around and related directly to the thesis or research question you are developing; synthesize results into a summary of what is and is not known; MUST… identify areas of controversy in the literature; and formulate questions that need further research. How can we exercise skills in doing a review? What is the difference between related literature and related studies? Related Literature Composed of discussion of facts and principles to which the present study is related. Sources: Books, Encyclopedias, professional journals, magazines, newspapers and other publications. Related Studies Studies, inquiries, or investigations already conducted to which the present proposed study is related or has some bearing or similarity. Sources: Unpublished materials such as manuscripts, theses and dissertations. SOURCES · Books, encyclopedias, almanacs and other similar references · Unpublished thesis and dissertations · Reports from seminars · Official reports from educational, social, economic, scientific, political, etc. from the government and other entities SOURCES · Constitution and laws · Bulletins, circulars and orders derive from government offices and departments. · Records of schools, public and private · Articles published in professional journals, magazines, periodicals, newspapers and other publications · Manuscripts, monographs, memoirs, speeches, letters and diaries Characteristics of Related Studies and Literature 1. The surveyed materials must be as recent as possible. 2. Materials reviewed must be objective and unbiased. 3. Materials surveyed must be relevant to the study. Characteristics of Related Studies and Literature 4. Surveyed materials must have been based upon genuinely original and true facts or data to make them valid and reliable. 5. Reviewed materials must not be too few nor too many. Conceptual Discussion or Definition • Conceptual – also known as constitutive, is that which is given in dictionaries. It is the academic or universal meaning attributed to a word or group of works. Moreover, it is mostly abstract and formal in nature. Operational Discussion or Definition • Operational – also known as functional. Operational definition may be measured and experimental. The measured operational definition states the way the concept is measured in the investigation. In an experimental operational definition the researcher may spell out the details of the manipulation of a variable.