Technical Seminar Report
Technical Seminar Report
BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA.
A TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
Submitted by
NIKHIL M 4JN20CS064
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the technical entitled
Submitted by
NIKHIL M 4JN20CS064
Signature of HOD
Examiners: 1. 2.
ABSTRACT
The aim of IoT Based Smart Street Light System is the conservation of energy by reducing
electricity wastage as well as to reduce the manpower. The Saved energy can be utilized in various
purposes like residential, commercial etc. This is done by using the LDR sensor. Here the LDR
sensor is used ON-OFF the street light based on the ambient intensity level. It is an uncomplicated
light/dark activated switch and contains a relay at its output. This switching can be done by a low-
cost Wi-Fi module ESP8266 after reading the LDR value. The real time information of the street
light (ON/OFF Status) can be accessed from anytime, anywhere through internet. It ensures high
reliability and excellent long-term stability. This work is implemented using a programmed
NodeMcu board for providing the required intensity of light at various times. The proposed work
has achieved a better performance compared to the existing system.
i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On presenting the Technical report on “IOT based Smart Street Light System” I feel great to
express my humble feelings of thanks to all those who have helped me directly or indirectly in
the successful completion of the project work.
I would like to thank my respected guide Mr. Hiriyanna G S, Assistant Professor Dept. of
CS&E, and my project coordinator Dr. Manjula G R, Professor Dept. of CS&E, who helped
me a lot in completing this task, for their continuous encouragement and guidance throughout
the project work.
I would like to thank Dr. Jalesh Kumar, Professor and Head of the Dept. of CS&E, JNNCE,
Shivamogga and Dr. Y Vijay Kumar, the Principal, JNNCE, Shivamogga for all their support
and encouragement.
I am grateful to the Department of Computer Science and Engineering and our institution
Jawaharlal Nehru New College of Engineering and for imparting us the knowledge with
which we can do our best. Finally, I would also would like to thank the whole teaching
and non-teaching staff of Computer Science and Engineering Department.
NIKHIL M
4JN20CS064
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT i
ACKNOWLEGEMENT ii
LIST OF FIGURES v
1.1 Introduction 1
2.1 Introduction 4
2.4.1 NODEMCUESP8266 6
2.7 Bulb 7
iii
2.8.2 Thingspeak 8
3.1 Advantages 12
3.2 Disadvantages 12
Chapter 5 CONCLUSION 14
REFERENCES 15
iv
LIST OF FIGURES
v
IoT based Smart Street Light System
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
In our rapidly evolving urban landscapes, efficient management of resources is essential
for sustainable development. Street lighting constitutes a significant portion of a city's
energy consumption and maintenance costs. Traditional street lighting systems often lack
adaptability and optimization, leading to unnecessary energy usage and operational
inefficiencies.
The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized how we interact with our
surroundings, offering innovative solutions to age-old problems. One such solution is the
implementation of IoT-based Smart Street Light Systems. These systems integrate
advanced technologies to enhance the functionality, efficiency, and sustainability of street
lighting infrastructure.
At its core, an IoT-based Smart Street Light System utilizes interconnected devices
equipped with sensors, controllers, and communication modules to collect and transmit
real-time data. By leveraging this data, municipalities can dynamically adjust lighting
levels, detect faults, and optimize energy consumption based on various factors such as
traffic density, weather conditions, and time of day.
At the heart of the Smart Street Light System lies the integration of IoT technology,
enabling interconnectedness and real-time communication between individual luminaires
and a centralized management platform. Equipped with sensors and embedded with
communication modules, each street light becomes an intelligent node within the network,
capable of gathering data and responding dynamically to changing conditions. This level
of connectivity facilitates precise control over lighting schedules, adaptive dimming based
on ambient light levels, and immediate detection of faults or anomalies, thereby optimizing
energy efficiency and reducing operational costs.
Beyond basic illumination, the Smart Street Light System harnesses the power of data
analytics to unlock new realms of optimization. By aggregating data from various sources
such as traffic patterns, weather forecasts, and pedestrian activity, the system gains insights
into usage patterns and environmental conditions. Leveraging advanced algorithms, it can
dynamically adjust lighting intensity and distribution to meet specific needs, whether it be
directing traffic flow during peak hours, enhancing security in high-traffic areas, or
minimizing light pollution during off-peak times. This data-driven approach not only
enhances safety and comfort but also contributes to sustainability efforts by reducing
energy wastage and carbon emissions.
In an era defined by rapid urbanization and environmental awareness, the demand for
smarter, greener solutions has never been greater. The IoT-based Smart Street Light System
represents a significant step towards realizing this vision, offering cities a pathway to
greater efficiency, safety, and sustainability. By leveraging the power of connectivity and
data analytics, it not only transforms the way we illuminate our streets but also sets the
stage for a more intelligent and resilient urban infrastructure. As cities continue to evolve,
the Smart Street Light System stands as a shining example of innovation in the service of
a brighter, more sustainable future.
Traditional street lighting systems are inefficient and lack adaptability to changing
conditions, leading to wasted energy and high maintenance costs. An IoT-based Smart
Street Light System is needed to intelligently manage lighting by incorporating sensors
and connectivity for real-time data on ambient light levels and traffic density. This allows
for dynamic adjustments in lighting intensity and scheduling, resulting in significant
energy savings, reduced operational costs, improved safety, and more sustainable urban
environments.
CHAPTER 2
WORKING PRINCIPLE
In this section the working principle of the project is explained briefly.
2.1 Introduction
In Automatic Street Light Control System is not only easy but also the powerful
technique. Relay uses an automatic switch in this system. It releases the manual work
almost up to 100%. As soon as the sunlight goes under the visible region of our eyes
this system automatically switches ON lights. Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) is a type
of sensor which actually does this work and senses the light as our eyes does. As soon
as the sunlight comes, visible to our eye it automatically switches OFF lights. Such type
of system is also useful for reducing energy consumption.
The project is usually a multi-functional prototype that has an aptitude to get rid of
the manual operation of the old street lightning system by strategy of the self-
automation. It aims at designing and executing the advanced development in
embedded systems for energy saving of street lights and their maintenance at
reduced cost with modern development. Street Lightning system has a feature as two
sensors are used which are Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to point a day/night
time and therefore the passive infrared sensor (PIR) to detect the movement on the
road.
• Relay
• Bulb
2.4 Power Supply
Power supply is a reference to a source of electrical power. A device or system that
supplies electrical or other types of energy to an output load or group of loads is called
a power supply unit or PSU. The term is most commonly applied to electrical energy
supplies, less often to mechanical ones, and rarely to others. This power supply section
is required to convert AC signal to DC signal and also to reduce the amplitude of the
signal. The available voltage signal from the main is 230V/50Hz which is an AC
voltage, but the required is DC voltage with the amplitude of +5V and +12V for varies
applications.
2.4.1 NODEMCUESP8266
The NodeMCU (Node MicroController Unit) is an opensource software and hardware
development environment that is built around a very inexpensive System-on-a-Chip
(SoC) called the ESP8266. And, you have to program it in low-level machine
instructions that can be interpreted by the chip hardware.
The ESP-8266 may be a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full
TCP/IP Transfer control protocol/ Internet protocol). It
makes the web connectivity possible for the IOT panel.
2.5 LED Sensor
Photo resistors, also known as light dependent resistors (LDR), are light sensitive
devices most often used to indicate the presence or absence of light, or to measure the
light intensity. The sensor that can be used to detect light is an LDR. Since the LDR
gives out an analog voltage, it is connected to the analog input pin on the Arduino. The
Arduino, with its built-in ADC (analog-to-digital converter), then converts the analog
voltage (from 0-5V) into a digital value in the range of (0-1023).
Fig 2.4 : Prototype of the IoT based smart street light system
The system architecture is adaptive system and it consists LDR sensors, NODEMCU ESP8266,
relay, Bulb. In this system NODEMCU microcontroller acts as the brain of the entire system.
Dept. Of CSE, JNNCE, 2023-24 8
IoT based Smart Street Light System
All the sensors used in this system are connected to micro controller. LDR is light dependent
resistor. When the day time sunlight falls on it, its resistance decreases and makes the light to
switch off. When the night time, light do not fall on the sensor, so its resistance increases and
triggers the light to switch On. When the night time, light do not fall on the sensor, so its
resistance increases and triggers the light to switch On.
Relay acts an automatic switch and electromagnetic switch it is connected to the micro
controller by relay driver. It is highly reliable and automatically switches ON and OFF the
lights.
Chapter 3
APPLICATIONS
The system can dynamically adjust lighting levels based on environmental factors such as
ambient light, motion detection, and weather conditions. For instance, lights can be dimmed
during periods of low activity to conserve energy and brightened in response to increased
pedestrian or vehicular traffic for enhanced safety and visibility.
3.1 Advantages
3.2 Disadvantages
Chapter 4
During daytime with full brightness, no LEDs are illuminated, and the LDR value remains
constant, varying with environmental brightness. Conversely, during nighttime with complete
darkness, all LEDs shine at full intensity, with the LDR sensing no light. Table 1 correlates
LDR values (external brightness) with LED intensity, forming a graph where LED intensity
decreases as external brightness rises and vice versa. In total darkness, LED intensity peaks.
At daytime due to full environmental brightness, no LEDs are ON and the value of LDR
remains almost constant. The intensity varies depending on brightness.
At night due to zero environmental brightness, all LEDs are ON at their full intensity and
the value of LDR here too remains almost constant as the LDR would not sense any light all
night. Table1 shows the value of LDR which is referred as external brightness and on the other
hand the value of intensity. With the help of Table1 we got a graph as shown by looking at the
graph we could say that as the external brightness increases the intensity of the LEDs decreases
and as the external brightness decreases the value of LEDs increases. When it is totally dark
outside the Intensity reaches to the peak.
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION
The proposed system is easy to setup and implement and it doesn’t require extra maintenance
compared to the already existing system. This system can be further enhanced by writing logic
into the code and that can be able to retrieve information of the time of sunset and sunrise from
a reliable weather reporting source and automate the process completely by turn ON the street
light at the time of sunset and turn it OFF by sunrise. This further eliminates human intervention
and a manual visit to the location of the street lights will be required only in case of a
malfunction. The efficiency of automated systems is more than the manual systems. We can
also reprogram these devices with respect to our needs. By using the API key, the generated
data is stored in Thingspeak.
REFERENCES
[1] Mahesh Boda, Raju Athe, Shivani Chettukindi, Vyshnavi Katakam, Sathyam Bonala,
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER), ISSN (Online):
2347-3878, 2w020.
[2] https://www.Google.com