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Top Student Chemistry Predictions
Top Student Chemistry Predictions
CHEMISTRY PREDICTIONS
(SERIES 1)
FOR MARKING SCHEMES
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
a) Write your NAME and INDEX NUMBER in the space provided above
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces providedabove
c) Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided
d) ALL working must be clearly shown where necessary.
e) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
1 −31 80
Total score 80
Glass rod
Hot platinum wire
a) Identify:
i. Colourless liquid H
ii. Gas G
b) Describe one physical and one chemical test that can be used to identify gas G. 2marks
10.Air was passed through several reagents as shown in the flow chart below.
Escaping gases
Acidic Basic
Oxide Oxide
a) State the name given to the type of oxide that would be placed in the shaded area.
1mark
Solid Molten
14.The diagram below shows a wooden splint that was placed horizontally across the middle
part of a non-luminous flame.
Unburnt part
Charred black
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
o Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
o Sign and write the date of exam in the spaces provided above.
o Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
o Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
o All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Questions Maximum score Candidates score
1 13
2 11
3 13
4 10
5 10
6 12
7 11
Total score 80
I B C D E
F G H
a) Name one condition that is missing in the set up that must be present if the experiment to
proceed. 1mark
b) If the experiment was carried out properly. What observation would be made in the
combustion tube? 1mark
Ammonia
H2(g)
Brown Solid L
(i)List the raw materials used in the manufacturer of ammonia gas. 1mark
(ii)What catalyst is used in step I? 1mark
(iii)Write an equation for the reaction that occurs between ammonia and oxygen gas in the
presence of a catalyst. 1mark
(iv)Identify the process is step II? 1mark
(v)Using an appropriate equation, explain how the reaction in step III occurs (1 mark)
(vi) What should be added to solution K to form solid L? (1 mark)
(b) I. Write the formula of compound J.
II. Calculate the mass of compound J that would contain 14g of nitrogen.(N=14, O=16, H=
1) (2marks)
b) Explain the advantage of using ammonium phosphate fertilizer over the other nitrogenous
fertilizers. (1mark)
Dry air
Sodium Carbonate Compressor
solution
X
Nitrogen boiling D
point- 1960C
(i) State and explain what will happen in the three test-tubes R, S and T after seven days.
3marks
(ii) Give one reason why some metals are electroplated. 1mark
7. Below is a scheme of some reactions of propanol. Study it and answer the questions that
follow.
Polymerisation HBr
Q Y Z
Step III
CH3CH2CH2CL
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided
• KNEC mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used for calculations.
• All workings must be clearly shown where necessary.
• Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain all the pages are printed as indicated and no
questions are missing.
For Examiners Use Only
Questions Maximum Score Students Score
1-32 80
1. State the observations made when a piece of sodium metal is dropped into a beaker
containing water. (2mks)
2. During a class experiment, students passed gas X over heated copper metal, the metal
changed its colour to black.
(a) Identify gas X. (1mk)
(b) Name the black substance formed. (1mk)
3. Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis.
(a) Name the main ore of Aluminium . (1mk)
0
(b) The Aluminium ore in (a) above has a very high melting point.(2015 C),though
it is electrolyzed at a lower temperature of about 9000 C. Explain how the low
temperature is achieved. (1mk)
Step 1
(c)Why are Copper (II) Sulphate crystals added to the flask where the reaction
takes place?
12. (a)Give the systematic names of the following organic compounds. (2mks)
(i) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
(ii) CH3CH2COOCH2CH3
(b)Explain why an organic compound with the formula C4H8burns with a more sooty
flame than C4H10. (2mks).
13. When solid Zinc Carbonate was added to a solution of Hydrogen Chloride in
methylbenzene there was no observable change. On addition of some water to the
mixture there was effervescence. Explain the observation. (2mks)
14. In titration experiment,25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide containing 8.0 g per litre was
required for complete neutralization of 0.245 g of a dibasic acid. Calculate the relative
molecular mass of the acid. (3mks)
(b) 21280Y decays by beta emission. What is the mass number and the atomic number of
the product after decay? (1 mk)
16.(a) Distinguish between ionization energy and electron affinity. ` (2mks)
17.The diagram below represents a paper chromatography for three brands of juice suspected
to contain unwanted food additives.
From the results, it was found that unwanted additives are present in Y and Z only.
On the chromatogram;
(a)Circle the spots which show unwanted food additives. (1mk)
(b)Name the solvent commonly used in paper chromatography. (1mk)
(c)State two applications of chromatography. (2mks)
18.(a)Show bonding in Aluminium Oxide. (1mk)
H H O
q
O O H H
p
q
H H
p- (½ mk)
q- (½ mk)
Write the equations for the reactions at A,B and C regions. (3mks)
A -
B–
C -
20. Use the scheme below to answer the question that follow.
Solid H
Solid J
State and explain the effect on equilibrium when the following conditions are applied.
(a)Write an equation for the reaction which occurs in the glass jar. (1mk)
(b)Give one use of the Nitrogen (I) Oxide. (1mk)
25.State what would be observed if concentrated Sulphuric (VI) Acid is added to:
(a)Sugar crystals. (1mk)
(b)Hydrated Copper (II) Sulphate crystals. (1mk)
(c)What type of reaction has taken place above. (1mk)
26.Explain why commercial indicators are preferred to flower extracts as acid base
indicators. (2mks)
27.(a)Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the following equation.
(a)Identify the reducing agent. Give a reason for your answer. (2mks)
(b)Iron sheets are dipped in molten Zinc to prevent rusting .Name this process. (1mk)
28.Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas deflates faster than a balloon of the same
size filled with argon gas. (2mks)
29.Complete the table below. (2mks)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
TOTAL 80
a) i) Identify and correct the mistakes in the set up to enable the preparation and
collection of the gas. (2mks)
ii) Identify solid w. (1mk)
b) A piece of phosphorous was burnt in excess air. And the product dissolved in
hot water to make a solution.
i) Write an equation for the burning of phosphorous in excess air. (1mk)
ii) The solution obtained in (b) above was found to have a pH of 2.0. Give
reasons for this observation. (1mks)
c) Explain why cooking pots made of aluminium do not corrode easily when
exposed to air. (1mk)
d) The reaction between sulphure (IV) Oxide and oxygen to form Sulphur (VI)
Oxide is an exothermic reaction, which can be represented by the equation
below;
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g) H = -ve
A factory manufacturing sulphuric (VI) acid by contact process produces 350kg
of sulphur(VI)oxide per day (conditions for the reaction; catalyst, 2 atmospheres
pressure and temperatures between 400 – 500 oC.)
i)What is meant by an exothermic reaction? (1mk)
ii)How would the yield per day of sulphur trioxide be affected if temperatures
lower than 400oC are used? Explain. (1mk)
iii)All the sulphur (VI) Oxide produced was absorbed in concentrated sulphuric
acid to form oleum.
SO3(g) + H2SO4(l) → H2S2O7(l)
Calculate the mass of oleum that was produced per day. (S = 32.0, O= 16: H =
1.0) (3mks)
3. (a) Give the name of one reagent which when reacted with concentrated hydrochloric
acid produces chlorine gas (1mk)
(b) A student set out to prepare iron (lll) chloride using apparatus shown in the diagram
below
(i) Explain why it is necessary to pass chlorine gas through the apparatus
before heating begins? (1mk)
(ii) What property of iron (III) chloride makes it possible to be collected as
shown in the diagram (1mk)
(iii) The total mass of iron (III) chloride formed was found to be 0.5g.
Calculate the volume of chlorine gas that reacted with iron. (Fe = 56, Cl =
35.5 and molar gas volume at r.t.p is 24,000 cm3) (3mks)
(c) When hydrogen sulphide gas passed through a solution of iron (III) chloride the
following observation was made;
The colour of the solution changed from reddish brown to green and yellow
solid was deposited. Explain these observations (2mks)
(d) State and explain the observations that would be made if a moist blue-litmus
paper was placed in a gas jar full of chlorine gas (2mks)
(e) Study the information to answer the questions that follow. The letters do not
represent the actual symbols of the elements.
Elements Atomic Melting point
number (0C)
L 11 97.8
M 13 660
N 14 1410
C 17 -101
R 19 63.7
a) i) Write the electron arrangement for the ions formed by elements “ M” and
“C” (1mk)
For marking scheme,contact Mdm Mariam@0746711892
Page 25
M-
C-
ii) State the type of the bond that will be formed when M and C react. (1mk)
iii) In which group and period of the periodic table does element “R” belongs?
(1mk)
iv) Element R loses its outermost electrons more readily than “L”. Explain
(1mk)
v) Using dots and crosses to represent electrons, show bonding in the compound
formed between N and C. (2mks)
4. Study the energy level diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
(i) On the grid provided below, plot a graph of the percentage of bismuth
remaining (vertical axis) against time(PROVIDE GRAPH PAPER) (3mks)
(ii) Use the graph, determine the
I. Half life of the Bismuth (1mk)
II. Original mass of bismuth isotope given that the mass remained after 70
minutes was 0.16g (1mks)
d. Give one use of radioactive isotope in medicine (1mk)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
• Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
• Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
• All working MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
1 – 28 80
1. a) A hydrocarbon consists of 92.3% carbon. Its molecular mass is 26. Calculate it’s
Molecular formula. (2 marks)
b) Draw the structure of the hydrocarbon. (1 mark)
2. a) Explain why melting point of chlorine gas is greater than that of Argon. (l mark)
b) Using dot(•) and cross (×) to represent electrons draw a diagram to show bonding in
carbon (iv) oxide. (l mark)
c)In terms of structure and bonding. Explain why Graphite is used as a lubricant.
(1 mark)
Atomic number 14 17 16 19
a) Name the type of bonding that exists in the compound formed when X and Z reacts.
(1 mark)
b) Select the letter representing the strongest reducing agent. Give a reason for your
answer. (2 marks)
11. Ethyne reacts with hydrogen as shown below
H H
H C≡C H + H H C =C
H H
Use the bond energies below to calculate the enthalpy changes for the above reaction.
(3 marks)
BOND ENERGY
H-H 435
C-H 413
C≡C 835
For marking scheme,contact Mdm Mariam@0746711892
Page 31
C=C 611
12.a) Explain the role of common salt in defrosting ice on roads in ice cold countries.
(1 mark)
b) Explain why the long term effects of use of common salt is costly to motorists.
(1 mark)
13. Given the equation below
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) NH4+(aq)+ OH-(aq)
Identify the species that acts as;
i) A base. Explain (1 mark)
ii) An acid. ( ½ mark)
14. a)State Grahams law of diffusion. (1mark)
b)The rate of diffusion of sulphur(IV)oxide gas through a porous material is 40cm3s -1.
c)Calculate the rate of diffusion of carbon(IV)oxide gas through the same porous
material (S=32,O=16,C=12) (2 marks)
15. Describe how a solid sample of lead(II) chloride can be prepared using the following
reagents : dilute nitric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid and lead carbonate (3 marks)
16. The production of ammonia is given by the equation
(i) State and explain the effect of addition of dilute hydrochloride acid on equilibrium.
(2 marks)
(ii) Explain the effect of increase in temperature on the yield of ammonia. (2 marks)
17. Cr2O72- + 14 H+ (aq) + 6Fe2+ Cr23+ + 7H2O(l) + 6Fe3+.
The above equation show a redox reaction
(a) Calculate the oxidation state of chromium in Cr2O72- (2 marks)
+
(b) What is the role of H in the above reaction. (1 mark)
18.a)Define the standard heat of formation. (1 mark)
b)Draw energy cycle diagram to show how the standard heat of formation of ethanol
(C2H5OH) can be determined from standard heats of combustion of its elements.
(2 marks)
c) Given that ∆HC(C) = - 393kJmole , ∆HC(H2) = -286kJmole and ∆HC(C2H5OH) = -
-1 -1
a) Draw the structural formula and name the alkanoic acid and alkanol that react to form
the polymer. (2 marks)
b) Give one use of polyester. (1 mark)
26. A heavy metal P was dissolved in dilute nitric acid to form a solution of compound
P(NO3)2. Portions of the resulting solution were treated as follows:
a) To the first portion a solution of dilute hydrochloric acid is added, where a white
precipitate (S) is formed, which dissolves on warming.
b) The second portion is treated with two drops of 2M Sodium hydroxide solution
where a white precipitate T is formed. The white precipitate dissolved in excess
sodium hydroxide to form a colourless solution.
c) A solution of potassium iodide is added to the third portion where a yellow
precipitate (U) is formed.
d) When the resulting solution is evaporated to dryness and heated strongly a yellow
solid (V) is formed and a brown gas (W) and a colourless gas (X) are formed.
Identify the substances P, S, T, U, V, W. (3 marks)
27. The graphs below were drawn when 15g of marble chips in different physical states
were reacted with 50cm3 of 2M Hydrochloric acid.They are drawn by measuring the
volume of carbon (iv) oxide produced with time.
Cm3
50
40
Volume of Co2
Curve A
Curve B
30
20
Curve C
10
10 20 30 40 50
Time
Cardboard cover
sodium thiosulphate
a) Write an equation to show the reaction going on in the reaction in vessel. (1 mark)
b) State the observation noted on the filter paper. Give a reason for your answer.
(1 mark)
c) Give a reason why the filter paper soaked in the acidified potassium chromium (VI)
is used at the top of the flask (1 mark)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
d) Mathematical tables and silent electronic calculators may be used.
e) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
f) This paper consists of 13 printed pages.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
x Maximum Candidate's
Score Score
1 11
2 14
3 12
4 11
5 12
6 10
7 10
TOTAL 80
Lead(II )Oxide
Dry Flame
hydrogen
gas Jet
Heat
Combustion
tube
a) Before lighting hydrogen gas at the jet, it is important to drive off all the air in the
combustion tube. Explain. (1 mark)
b) State what would be observed in the boat containing lead (II) oxide at the end of the
experiment. (1 mark)
c) Write chemical equations for the reaction taking place;
i) In the combustion tube. (1 mark)
ii) At the jet as the flame burns. (1 mark)
d) Why should the supply of hydrogen continue until the apparatus are cool? (1 mark)
e) Why is it important to clamp the glass tube or combustion tube in a slanting position?
(1 mark)
f) i) Cars in Mombasa rust faster than in Kisumu. Explain. (1 mark)
ii) Give the factors that are necessary for rusting. (1 mark)
iii) Name two methods used to prevent rusting. (1 mark)
iv) Explain why a nail paced in a sealed tube containing tap water rusts while a nail
placed in a sealed tube containing boiled water fails to rust. (1 mark)
v) State two industrial uses of oxygen gas. (1 mark)
2. The grid shown below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the
question that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbol of the elements.
A
Y B C
D E F G
SO2 SO2
Slid A Burner Purifier Drier
Air Air
SO2
Air
Catalytic
Conc Dilutes
converter
H2SO4
Gas W
Aqueous Y
Copper( II)sulphate
solution
Platinum Platinum
electrode electrode
Battery
Products
Step L Mg(s)
Ethanol KMnO 4 NaoH(aq)
CH3CH2 O H CH3 CO O H CH3CO O Na
H+
Step I Butanol , conc Step W
H2 SO4, heat
a) Give the type of reaction, the reagent(s) and the condition(s) necessary for step 1 to take
place. (1 mark)
b) Write the equation for the reaction that takes place in step L. (1 mark)
For marking scheme,contact Mdm Mariam@0746711892
Page 40
c) Name product V and give the equation responsible for its formation. (2 marks)
d) Give the reagent(s) and condition(s) necessary for step W to take place. (1 mark)
e) Give the IUPAC name and structural formula of compound X. (1 mark)
f) Name compound K and state the type of reaction involved in its formation. (2 marks)
g) If the relative molecular mass of K is 44800, determine the value of n. (C = 12, H = 1)
(2 marks)
7.The set up below is used to measure the change in mass during the course of the reaction
between dilute hydrochloric acid (excess) and marble chips at 22°C.
Cotton wool plug
Hydrochloric acid
Mable chips
Balance
Changes in mass were noted at one minute intervals and were as follows.
a) Give an equation for the reaction taking place in the flask. (1 mark)
b) Why did the mass of the flask change with time? (1 mark)
c) What is the role of cotton wool at the mouth of the flask? (1 mark)
d) Plot a graph of loss in mass (Y-axis) against time (X-axis). Label the curve 22°C.
(3 marks) (provide a graph paper)
Time (min) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
e) On the graph same axis as in (d) above, sketch the graph you would expect to obtain if the
experiment was repeated at 35°C. Label the curve 35°C. (2 marks)
f) State what would happen if the marble chips were replaced with the same mass of marble
powder.Explain (2 marks)
g)Why is it not advisable to use sulphuric (VI) acid in place of hydrochloric acid in this
experiment? (1 mark)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) Answer all the questions in the spaces provided
d) Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used
e) All working must be clearly shown where necessary.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES
SCORE
1 - 29 80
1. State and explain the change in mass that occur when the following substances are separately
heated in open crucibles.
𝟏
a) Copper metal (1 marks)
𝟐
𝟏
b) Copper (II) nitrate (1 marks)
𝟐
2. (a) State Graham’s law of diffusion (1 mark)
3
(b) A volume of 120 cm of nitrogen gas diffused through a membrane in 40 seconds, how
long will 240cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide defuse through the same membrane? (2 marks)
3. A reaction of Propane with chlorine gas gave a compound of formula C3H7Cl.
a) What condition is necessary for the above reaction to take place. (1 mark)
Atomic number 18 5 3 5 20
Mass number 40 10 7 11 40
(i) Which two letters represent the same elements? Give reason. (2 marks)
(ii) Give the number of neutrons in an atom of element D. (Show your working)
(1 mark)
6. A hydrated salt of copper has the formula CuSO4.nH2O. About 25g of the salt was heated
until all the water evaporated. If the mass of the anhydrous salt is 16.0g, find the value of n.
(Cu = 64.0, S = 32.0, O = 16.0, H = 1) (3 marks)
7. The table below shows the pH values of the solutions I, II, III and IV
Solution I II III IV
pH 2 7 11 14
10.The diagram below shows how two gases, P and Q were collected.
Steam
(a) Explain why no gas was collected in the set up above. (1 mark)
(b) Explain why the reaction between aluminium and steam stops after a short time.
(2 marks)
13.A pupil analyzed a commercial vinegar solution by titration and found that 24.5cm3 of 0.09
M sodium hydroxide solution was required for titration of 10 cm3 of vinegar. Calculate the
molarity of ethanoic acid CH3COOH in vinegar. (3 marks)
14.The diagram below shows a ‘jiko’ when in use. Study it and answer the questions that
follow
Region B
Burning charcoal
Region A
Air
Ash
I Powder 0.8M
II Powder 1.0M
III Granules 0.8M
On the axis below, draw and label the three curves that could be obtained from such results.
(3 marks)
Catalyst X
Drying agent Y
Dry gas M
𝟏
a) Name X ……………………………………………………………………… ( mark)
𝟐
𝟏
b) State one property that makes it possible to separate mixtures using filtration. ( mark)
𝟐
28.Calculate the oxidation numbers of sulphur in the following species: (3 marks)
a) SO32-
b) SO3
c) S2O32-
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1 11
2 13
3 10
4 10
5 11
6 10
7 15
80
water
a) On the diagram, indicate what should be done for the reaction to occur. (1 mark)
b) Hydrogen gas is allowed to pass through the tube for some time before it is lit.
Explain. (1 mark)
c) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs in the combustion tube. (1 mark)
d) When the reaction is complete, hydrogen gas is passed through the apparatus until it
cools down. Explain. (2 marks)
e) What property of hydrogen is being investigated? (1 mark)
f) What observation confirms the property stated in (v) above? (1 mark)
vii) Why is zinc oxide not used to investigate this property of hydrogen gas? (1 mark)
Liquid R
Flask S
Water
Marble chips
Combustion tube M
Lead (II) oxide
CO
Glass
wool Glass
wool
Liquid
K
a) Write an equation for the laboratory preparation of carbon (II) oxide. (1 mark)
For marking scheme,contact Mdm Mariam@0746711892
Page 51
a) Write an equation for the laboratory preparation of carbon (II) oxide. (1 mark)
b) State and explain the observation in the combustion tube M. (2 marks)
c) Identify liquid K and state its function. (1 mark)
d) Why is it necessary burn excess gas at L. (1 mark)
3. a) Name the following organic compounds.
i) CH3COOCH2CH3 (1mark)
ii) CH3CH2CHCCHCH2CH3 (1mark)
4. a) The fermentation of glucose is catalysed by enzymes from yeast. Yeast is added to
aqueous glucose, the solution starts to bubble and becomes cloudy as more yeast cells are
formed.
C6H12O6(aq) 2C2H5OH(aq)+2CO2(g)
The reaction is exothermic. Eventually the fermentation stops when the concentration of
ethanol is about 12%.On a large scale, the reaction mixture is cooled. Suggest a reason why
this is necessary. (1mark)
(ii) Why does the fermentation stop? Suggest one reason. (1mark)
(iii) What technique is used to concentrate the aqueous ethanol? (1mark)
b) A compound X contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only. X contains 54.54% of carbon
by mass, 9.09% of hydrogen by mass and 36.37% of oxygen by mass. (C=12, O=16, H=1)
Determine the empirical formula of compound X. (2marks)
Compound X has a relative molecular mass of 88. Draw the structural formula of compound
X. (2marks)
Compound Formulae
A C2H4O2
B C2H6O
i)Giving a reason in each case, select the letter(s) which represent a compound that
H H H H
C C C C
H C6H5 H C6H5
(i) Draw the structure of the monomer unit of polystyrene. (1mark)
(ii) Calculate the number of monomers used to form the polystyrene of relative molecular
mass of 18096. ( H = 1, C = 12 ) (1mark)
5. An experiment was carried out using magnesium ribbon and dilute hydrochloric acid of
different concentrations. The time needed to produce 50cm3 of the gas for every
experiment was recorded in a table.
Concentration of 2.0 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25
HCl (moles per
litre)
Time (seconds) 8.8 10.0 11.7 14.0 17.5 18.7 35.0 70.0
1
( Sec-1)
time
2 26
3 40
4 54
a) Determine the general formula of the hydrocarbons and the homologous series they
belong to. (2marks)
(b) Draw the structure formula of the fourth number of the series. (1mark)
9. Complete the diagram to show how a sample of dry ammonia gas can be prepared in the
laboratory. (3marks)
10.In an experiment to study the properties of concentrated nitric acid, a mixture of the acid
and wood charcoal was heated in a boiling tube.
(b) Write an equation for the reaction that took place in the boiling tube (1mark)
11.Three nitrates Q,R, and S were each heated and the products formed were tabulated as
shown below. Nitrate Products Q R S Metal Nitrite + Oxygen Metal + Nitrogen IV
Oxide + Oxygen Nitrogen I Oxide + water
a) Identify S (1mark)
R (1mark)
b) What is the name given to elements in the same group as Q? (1mark)
12. a) An oxide of nitrogen contains 30.4% nitrogen. Its density at s.t.p is 4.11g/dm3.
Determine the molecular formula of the compound. (N=14; O=16; moles gas volume
= 22.4dm3) (3marks)
b) Magnesium ribbon was burnt in a gas jar of nitrogen. A few drops of water were
added to the solid formed in the jar. Write an equation for the second reaction.
(1mark)
13. In a experiment, 10.6g of a mixture of Anhydrous Sodium Carbonate and Sodium
Chloride were dissolved in water to make 100cm3 of a solution required 20.0cm3 of
0.5M Hydrochloric acid solution for complete neutralization. What is the mass of
Sodium Carbonate in the mixture? (Na = 23.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0, Cl = 35.5)
(3marks)
14.The table below gives some properties of compounds P, Q, R and S Compound M.p
(0C) b.p (0C) Conductivity in water P -23 77 Does not conduct Q -19 74 Does not
conduct R -85 -61 Conducts S 714 1407 Conducts
(a)Which one of the compounds in the table is ionic? Explain. (1mark)
(b)Which one of the compound (s) in the table is/are liquid(s) at room temperature? Give
reasons. (2marks)
(c) Which of the compound(s) is / are gas(s) at room temperature? Explain. (1mark)
15. Given that element A,B and C have atomic numbers 14, 11 and 17 respectively,
draw and name the bonding in the compounds formed using dots (.) and (X), when the
following element react.
Name the type of bond formed between B and C
(a) B and C (2marks)
(b) A and C (2marks)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1-30 80
Heat
2. Study the information in the table below and answer the questions that follow. The letters
do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
Element Atomic Number Melting point (oC)
L 11 97.8
M 13 660
R 19 63.7
80
60
40
20
5. The table below shows the standard electrode potentials of two elements P and Q.
Half reactions Eθ (v)
P2+ (aq) + 2 e- P (s) -2.37
Q2+(aq) + 2 e- Q (s) -0.402
i)Draw a well labelled diagram of a cell that could be constructed from the pair of
elements. (2mks)
(ii) Calculate the e.m.f of the cell above. (1mk)
6. The diagram shows an incomplete set-up for the laboratory preparation and collection
of chlorine gas. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
Conc. HCl
Black solid
Q
Heat Water
precipitate is formed.
(I) (II)
(I)-
(II)-
10. Give the systematic name sof the following compounds. (3mks)
CH2
C2H5
||
(c) CH3CH2CH2COH
11. The set up below was used to investigate a chemical property of carbon. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.
Test tube
Mixture of
Test tube Heat charcoal &
Copper (II) Oxide
Lime water
Energy
(KJ)
Reactants
Products
0
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Page 60
Reaction path
(i) State and explain whether the reaction represented in the diagram is endothermic or
exothermic. (1mk)
(ii) From the diagram, determine;
I the activation energy (1mk)
II enthalpy of reaction (1mk)
15. Explain why when heating substances with non-luminous flame, tubes should not be
placed very close to the top of the chimmey. (2mks)
16. a)State Graham’s law of diffusion. (1mk)
(b) Two gases A and B diffuses from two opposite ends of the glass tube as shown.
After 12 seconds gas B was detected at point P and A was detected 4 seconds later
B
A
P
Calculate the relative molecular mass of A given that the relative molecular mass of B
is 2. (2mks)
17. Starting with copper metal, describe how a sample of crystals of copper (II) chloride
may be prepared in the laboratory. (3mks)
232
18. Thorium Th undergoes two consecutive alpha decays followed by two
90 x
consecutive beta decays to form the nuclide Ra. Identify the values of x and y
y (3mks)
19. Explain why the reaction between 1g of calcium carbonate and 1M hydrochloric acid
is faster than the reaction between 1 g of calcium carbonate and 1M butanoic acid.
(2mks)
20.A hydrocarbon gas Y in which the percentage of hydrogen by mass is 14.3% occupies
a volume of
2.24dm3 at s.t.p and weighs 7g
a. Determine the empirical formula of y. ( C= 12,H=10 ) ( 1 ½ mks)
b. Give the structural molecular formula of Y. ( 1 ½ mks)
Copper _______________ Cu
Potassium ________________ K
24. The grid below is part of the periodic table. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
( The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.)
R S
N Q T U
P
(a) Indicate in the grid the position of an element represented by letter V, whose
atomic number is 14. (1mk)
(b) Select a letter which represents a monoatomic gas. (1mk)
(c) write an equation for the reaction between Q and T (1mk)
25. In an Experiment, dilute hydrochloric acid was added to sodium hydroxide solution
drop – wise. The concentration of sodium hydroxide was noted at regular time intervals.
a. Sketch a graph of concentration ( y-axis) against time interval to show how the
concentration of sodium hydroxide changes. (2mks)
(ii)Explain the shape of the curve sketched above. (1mk)
a. what name is given to the compounds which behave like M (OH)3 in the two
reactions above? (1mk)
b. name two elements whose hydroxides behave like that of M. (1mk)
27. Below is a set-up of apparatus used to prepare hydrogen gas in the laboratory study it
and answer the questions that follow.
dilute H2SO4
flame
Zinc granules
(a) Write the chemical equation for the two reactions taking place in the above set
up. (2 mks)
(b) State the chemical test for hydrogen gas. (1mk)
28.Draw a well labelled diagram to illustrate how copper metal is purified.
(3mks)
29.(a) What are alkali metals. (1mk)
(b) Explain why potassium atom is larger that n Sodium atom. (1mk)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
(i) What is the general name given to the group which elements P, C and R belong? (1mk)
(ii) What is meant by ionization energy? (2mks)
(iii)Explain why element P has the highest ionization energy. (2mks)
(iv)(a)When a piece of element “C” is placed on water, it melts and hissing sound is
produced as it moves on the surface of the water. Explain these observations. (2mks)
(b)Distinguish between a strong and a weak base. Give an example of each. (2mks)
(c) Neutralization is one of the methods of preparing salts.
i. What is meant by neutralization? (1mk)
ii. Describe how you would prepare crystals of sodium nitrate starting with 200cm3
of 2M sodium hydroxide. (3mks)
B
A
Salt bridge
B(NO3)2(aq) A(NO3)2(aq)
(a) (i) Give the half-cell equations for each half cell. (1mk)
(ii) Write the overall cell equation. (1mk)
(iii) Calculate the e.m.f. of the cell above. (1mk)
(iv) Describe how the salt bridge helps in maintaining the change balance in each half
cell when the cell is in operation. (2mks)
(v) It is not advisable to use potassium chloride salt bridge when Lead (II) nitrate
solution is used as an electrolyte in the above set-up. Explain. (2mks)
(b) Sodium hydroxide is a chemical that can be prepared industrially in a mercury cell.
(i) Give the name of the main raw material used. (½mk)
(ii) In the cell, graphite is used as anode electrode. Name another substance that can
be used in place of graphite (carbon). (½mk)
(iii) Give two uses of sodium hydroxide. (2mks)
(iv) Give two reasons why mercury is recycled. (2mks)
(v) Write the equation in which sodium hydroxide is produced. (1mk)
(vi) If the volume of hydrogen produced in the mercury cell is 100 litres. Calculate
the mass of sodium hydroxide formed at room temperature.
(H = 1.0, Na = 23.0, O = 16.0 MGV = 24 litres) (2mks)
7. (a) Name two advantages of synthetic fibre over natural fibre. (2mks)
S
CH3 CH3
NaOH
Step V CH3CH2OH +
Conc. H2SO4
Compound T
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
Sign and write the date the examination is done.
Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
ALL workings MUST be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use Only
Question Maximum score Candidates score
1-27 80
1. During the extraction of copper from copper pyrite (CuFeS2), some of the processes
include.
(i)Crushing the ore.
(ii)Mixing the crushed ore with water, oil and bubbling air through it.
(iii)Roasting the ore.
a) What name is given to process (ii) and give its use. ( 1 ½ mk)
Name-
Use-
b) Write equation for roasting of the copper pyrite. (1mk)
c) Give one use of the copper metal. (1mk)
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Page 70
2. Aluminium chloride solution changes the blue litmus paper red. Explain this
observation. ( 1½mks)
3. The set up below was made by a form four student. At the start of the experiment, the
bulb did not light.
a) State and explain the observation made when Cl2(g) was bubbled in the water for about
10 minutes. (2mks)
b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction which took place at the cathode. (1mk)
4. The flow chart below shows some properties of two allotropes of element P.
0
Above 95 C
Allotrope A Allotrope B
0
Below 95 C
Burning in air Burning in air
Product P
H H H+,KMnO4
8. Two samples of a similar substance from different containers were investigated. The graph
below represents the variation of temperature with time when heated.
Sulphur (IV)
CHAMBER I CHAMBER II
Oxide
S
R
PH 5 13 2 10 7
b) Which solution.
i) Contains the largest concentration of hydroxide ions? (1mk)
ii) Is likely to be a solution of acetic acid? (1mk)
b) In the equation below, identify the reagent that acts as an acid in the forward
reaction. Give a reason. (2mks)
NH4+(aq)+H2O(l) NH3(aq)+H3O+(aq)
CN CN CN
A sample of this polymer is found to have a molecular mass of 5194.Determine
the number of monomers in the polymer (H=1.0, C=12.0,N=14.0) (2mks)
17. Study the diagram below and answer the questions.
74
1 1
A2(g) + B 2( g ) → AB (g)
2 2
19. Use the information below to answer the questions that follow:
Equation: Enthalpy of formation
1 −1
i)H2(g) + O2(g) → H2O(l) ∆H1 =−286kJmol
2
ii) C(s) +O2(g) →CO2(g) ∆H2 =−394kJmol−1
1 −1
iii) 2C(s) +3H2(g) + O2(g) → C2H2OH(l) ∆H3
=−277kJmol 2
Calculate the molar enthalpy of combustion of ethanol. Given that:
C2H5OH(l) +3O2(g) →2CO2(g) +3H2O(l) (3mks)
20. A given element Q has atomic number of 14 and consists of isotopes as shown
below.
Isotope X Y Z
Isotopic mass 28 29 30
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1 12
2 11
3 13
4 13
5 11
6 9
7 9
Total 80
coo (water)
Coolant
Condenser
Distilled
Ethanol Receiver
Heat
(i) Name the process by which ethanol is obtained from the crude oil. (1mk)
(i) Name the process by which ethanol is obtained from the crude oil. (1mk)
(ii) Suggest two reasons why water is a coolant in this process. (2mks)
b)Why is it possible to separate ethanol from the mixture by this process. (1mk)
(c)(i) Describe how the mixture of Ammonium chloride, sodium chloride and lead II chloride
can be separated if all the components of the mixture are to be recovered. (3mks)
(ii) The following process shows how Nitrogen and Oxygen can be obtained from air.
Filter Air KOH(aq) and Nitrogen and Oxygen mixture
Anhydrous
Calcium chloride A
Liquid Air
B
Nitrogen Oxygen
2 28
3 42
4 56
(i) Write the general formula of the hydrocarbons in the table. (1mk)
(ii) Predict the relative molecular mass of the hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms.
(1mk)
(iii)Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon in (ii) and draw its structural
formula. (2mks)
(c) Study the scheme given below and answer questions that follow.
Step IV heat
Step I
CH CH C 2H 6
Step II
CH 2 = CHCl
Step III
- CH2 = CHCl-
(i) Name the reagent used in
Step I (1mk)
Step II (1mk)
Step III (1mk)
(ii) Write an equation for complete combustion of CH≡CH. (1mk)
(iii)Explain one disadvantage of the continued use of items in step III. (1mk)
3. (a) The diagram below represents the extraction of sulphur by the frasch process.
Ground Level
(i) Identify and state the use of the substances that pass through tubes A and C. (2mks)
A-
C-
Solid A Air
SO 2 and Air
Purifier
SO 2 and Air
Conc. H 2SO 4
Drier
Conc. H 2SO 4
(i) How would the following factors affect the production of sulphur (IV) oxide.
I Increase in temperature. (1mk)
II Decrease in pressure (1mk)
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Page 7
(ii) Name the catalyst which is commonly used in this process and why? (1mk)
(iii) State and explain one environmental effect of sulphur (IV) oxide in the atmosphere.
(2mks)
4. The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer the questions that
follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
A
K
B D G I
L
F H
C E J
(a) (i) Which letter represents an element that is least reactive. (1mk)
(ii) Why are elements D and E referred to as alkali earth metals. (1mk)
5. The flow chart below illustrates the major steps in extraction of aluminium from bauxite.
Filter
Bauxite P Residue Q
Soduim
Hydroxide Solution R B Al(OH) 3(s)
Electrolytic C
Al 2O 3(s)
Cell
+ - Eθ V
Ag (aq) + e Ag(s) + 0.80
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- Cu(s) + 0.34
V
Zn Rod
Lead Rod
Salt Bridge
2+ 2+
1M Zn (aq ) 1 M Pb (aq )
(i) Write the half equation for the half-cell in which oxidation occurs. (1mk)
(ii) Write the overall cell equation. (1mk)
(iii) What is the role of the salt bridge. (2mks)
(e) An iron cup was electroplated using chromium. The chromium electrode and the iron cup
was thoroughly cleaned and weighed before being dipped into the elcolyte.
(i) Why was it necessary to clean the metals before dipping them into the electrolyte.
(1mk)
(ii) A current of 0.75 A was passed through the solution for one hour and four minutes. The
mass of chromium deposited on the cup was 0.52g (1Faraday=96500C) Cr=52
I. Calculate the quantity of electricity. (1mk)
III. Calculate the quantity of electricity to deposit one mole of chromium. (1mk)
IV. Calculate the number of Faradays required to deposit one mole of chromium and hence
deduce the charge of ion. (2mks)
7.(a) The curve below represents the change of concentration with time in a chemical
reaction.
Conc
M
Time (s)
(i) Which curve represents change in concentration for:
Reactants ( ½ mk)
Products ( ½ mk)
(ii) On the same axes sketch the curves of T and M for the catalysed reaction. (1mk)
(b) (i) Y grammes of a radioactive isotope take 120 days to decay to 3.5 grammes. The
half-life period of the isotope is 20 days. Find the initial mass of the isotope. (2mks)
214 206
(ii) Below is a radioactive decay series starting from and ending at
Bi Pb
83 82
83 81 82 83 82 84
Ss+O2(S) DH1
Energy
DH2
Content
DH3
SO2(g)
Reaction path
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
- Write your name and index No. in the spaces provided above.
- Sign and write the date of the examination in space provided.
- Answer ALL the questions in the spaces provided.
- Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used for
calculations
- All working must be clearly shown where necessary
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE
1-30 80
1. a) Name the process used to separate two solids both soluble in the same solvent
when the Solids are both present in the mixture (l mk)
b)Sodium chloride is neither deliquescent nor hygroscopic. Explain why common
salt left on a table overnight becomes wet (2 mks)
From the evidence of this graph only, what is the nature of the liquid added? Explain you
answer (2mks)
3. The following chromatogram was obtained in an experiment to investigate the
components present in certain dyes.
c). Indicate on the diagram the probable position of the solvent front. (lmk)
On the same diagram sketch the graph that would be obtained if smaller pieces of marble were
used. Explain your answer using the kinetic theory of matter (2mks)
11. The set-up below was used to investigate the effect of dry hydrogen gas on hot
copper (ii) oxide powder.
Explain how each of the following factors would affect the concentration of hydrogen
iodide
a. Increase in temperature (1 ½ mks)
b. Adding helium gas (1 ½ mks)
13. You are provided with three black powders known to be copper (ii) oxide,
manganese (iv) oxide and iron (ii) sulphide. How would you distinguish between the
three using hydrochloric acid only
(3mks)
14. a) Tap water produces a precipitate with sodium carbonate solution. Explain(1
mk)
b) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using the water in (a) above in
industry.
i) Advantages (l mk)
ii) Disadvantages (lmk)
15. a) Potassium manganate (VII) reacts with chloride salts to produce chlorine.
Both chlorine and potassium manganate (VII) are strong oxidizing agents. Which one
of the two is the stronger oxidizing agent? Explain your answer
(2mks)
b) Chlorine and sulphur (IV) oxide are bleaching agents; explain the difference in their
bleaching action ( lmk)
16. Calculate the number of molecules of water of crystallization in oxalic acid
crystals, H2C2O4. XH2O, from the following data. 5g of the crystals were made up to
250cm3 of this solution required 15.9cm3 of 0.5M sodium hydroxide to
One of the observations made in the tube is that the platinum wire stays red-hot even
though it is no longer heated.
a. Explain this observation (lmk)
b. State another observation made in the conical flask (1 mk)
c)Write an equation for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (lmk)
18. Two carbon electrodes were placed in a flask containing 50cm3 of 0.1 M barium
hydroxide solution and connected in series with the 12 volt supply of direct current
electricity and a lamp.
1.0M sulphuric acid was slowly run into the solution from a burette until neutralization
occurred.
a. What would you see in the flask when the first few drops of acid are added?
(1 mk)
b. At the neutrality point, the lamp ceases to glow, explain why? (1 mk)
c. What would you see if more 1.0 M sulphuric acid were now added? (lmk)
19. Use the standard electrode potentials given below to answer the questions that
follow.
If the two salts, Lithium chloride and potassium chloride were dissolved in water
separately, which solution will its temperature be above and which solution will its
temperature be below room temperature? Explain your answer (3mks)
21. Study the setup below and answer the questions that follow.
K-
W-
Y-
Z-
23. 10g of an organic compound contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only
produced 14.7g of carbon (iv) oxide and 6.3g of steam when completely burned in
excess oxygen. If the relative molecular mass of the compound is 60. Determine the
molecular formula of Z (C=12, 0=16, H=1) (3mks)
24. 100cm3 of 2M sulphuric acid was electrolyzed using the set-up represented by
the diagram below.
a. Identify the anode and the cathode( label on the diagram) (1 mk)
b. What is the effect on the electrolyte by the end of the experiment (1 mk)
25. study the information in the diagram below and answer the questions that
follow.
( the letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements)
Name one gas which escapes from chamber C. Give a reason for your answer (3mks)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
-Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
-Mathematical tables and electronic calculators may be used.
- All workings must be clearly shown where necessary.
For Examiner’s Use only
Questions Max. score Candidates scores
1 13
2 13
3 12
4 11
5 12
6 10
7 09
TOTAL 80
1. A form one teacher cut small pieces of sodium and performed different experiments. In
each of the experiments below, state the observations and write an equation of the
reaction.
I. A piece of sodium metal is burnt in excess air.
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Page 22
Observation (1mk)
Equation (1mk)
II. Product in (I)above is added to water.
Observation (1mk)
Equation (1mk)
III. Heated sodium is lowered into a gas jar of chlorine.
Observation (1mk)
Equation (1mk)
IV. A small piece of
sodium is put in cold water in a beaker and resulting solution is
tested with litmus paper.
Observation (1mk)
Equation (1mk)
b) Define the term ionization energy. (1mk)
c) Study the following
ionization energy values and answer the questions that follow.
Ionization Ionization Energy(kj/mole
Na (g) →Na+(g) +e 500
Na+(g →Na 2+(g) +e 4600
Na 2+(g) →Na 3+(g) +e 6900
Mg (g) →Mg+(g) +e 740
Mg+(g) →Mg2+(g) +e 4500
Mg2+(g) →Mg3+(g) +e 7700
Mg3+(g) →Mg4+(g) +e 10500
2 28
3 42
4 56
ii) Predict the relative mass of the Hydrocarbon with 5 carbon atoms. (1mk)
iii)Determine the molecular formula of the Hydrocarbon in (ii) above and draw the
structural formula.
Molecular formula (1mk)
Structural formula (1mk)
2 (b)The scheme below shows some reactions starting with Propanol. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.
Step II
3
3 2 2OH Drops of 3 3
3 2
T
H H
3 2 3
CH H
i) Write down the formula of compounds S and T.
S (1m k)
T (1m k)
ii) Draw the structural formula of compound B. (2mks)
iii) Name the type of reaction, reagent and conditions in the reactions in step I and
step IV.
Step Type of reaction Reagent Condition
I
IV
ii)
3. Study the scheme below and answer the questions that follow.
2 SO4 CUO
Salt F Ammonia
2 2 O/Catalyst
Heat Substance C CU
Cu(NO3 2
Colourless gas E
MgCl2(
∆H 2
2+
Mg Cl
∆H 3
Step 4 water
Step 2
SO4
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1 - 30 80
1. (a) What is the role of the following parts during fractional distillation of a mixture
of water and ethanol.
(i) Fractionating column (1 mark)
(ii) Class beads in the fractionating column (1 mark)
(b) State any one application of fractional distillation process (1 mark)
2. Below is a set up used to prepare oxygen in a laboratory?
3. (a)State one way in which the strength of an acid or a base can be determined in the
laboratory (1mark)
(b) Give the basicity of the following acids.
(i) Sulphuric acid (½ marks)
(ii) Phosphoric acid (½ mark)
4. Name the process which takes place when:
(i) Iodine changes directly from solid to gas (1 mark)
(ii) Fe 2+ (aq) changes to form Fe 3+ (aq) (1 mark)
(iii) White sugar changes to black solid when mixed with excess
concentrated Sulphuric (vi) acid (1 mark)
5. The grid below represents part of the periodic table. Study it and answer questions
that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the elements.
S X M
(a) Explain why both Sodium and Magnesium conducts electricity while
phosphorus and chlorine do not. (1mark)
(b) Suggest a reason why phosphorus has been assigned two melting point values.
(1mark)
(c) Explain why atomic radii of elements in period 3 decreases generally from left
to right in the periodic table (1mark)
8. (a) Define half-life of radioisotopes (1mark)
(b) X grams of a radioactive isotope takes 100 days to decay to 20gms. If half-life
of the element is 25 days. Calculate the initial mass of X of the radio-isotope.
(2marks)
9. When a hydrocarbon was completely burnt in Oxygen 4.2g of CO2 gas and 1.71g
H2O of water were formed. (Determine the empirical formulae of the hydrocarbon)
(2 marks)
(C=120, H=1.0, O=16.0)
10. Use the information in the scheme diagram below to answer the questions that
(a) Draw two structures of isomers of compound A. Name each isomer. (2marks)
(b) Name two products produced when B is burnt in excess oxygen. (1 mark)
11. (a) State Charles’s law (1mark)
(b) The volume of a sample of nitrogen gas at a temperature of 298k and 600minHg
pressure was 4.8 x 10-2 m3. Calculate the temperature at which the volume of the gas
would be 3.2 x 10-2 m3 if pressure is constant. (2 marks)
12. Aluminium is extracted from its ore by the process of electrolysis
(a) Name the ore from which aluminium is normally extracted. (1mark)
0
(b) Aluminium Ore in (a) above has a very high melting point (2015 C) through it is
electrolyzed at a lower temperature of about 9000C. Explain how the low temperature
is achieved. (1mark)
(c) Graphite electrodes are used in the above process. Give the advantage of using
graphite electrodes in the above process (1mark)
13. (a) Name a suitable drying agent to be used to dry chlorine gas. (1mark)
(b) Chlorine reacts with red hot Iron powder to give iron (iii) chloride but not Iron
(ii) chloride. Explain (1mark)
(c) Sodium hydroxide reacts with chlorine to form bleaching powder. Write a
balanced equation for the reaction. (1mark)
14. The table below gives some bond energies of some bonds.
H-H 435
Cl-Cl 243
H-Cl 431
(A) (B)
(a) Which cleansing agent would be more suitable for the washing in water containing
calcium sulphate? (1mark)
(b) Give one advantage of B over A (1mark)
19. Study the flow chart below and answer the following questions.
θ
I2(s) +2e- 2I-(aq) E = +0.54V
θ
Br2 (I) +2e- 2Br-(aq) E = + 1.09V
(a) Write an overall equation of the cell reaction (1mark)
θ
(b) Calculate the E value of the cell (1mark)
(c) Name the Oxidizing agent (1mark)
22. Describe how a solid sample of calcium sulphate can be prepared using the following
reagents, dilute nitric acid, dilute sulphuric acid and calcium carbonate. (1mark)
23. Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.
The letters do not represent the actual symbols of elements.
Formulae of Ion Electronic configuration of Ion
2+
U 2
W2- 2.8.8
X3+ 2.8
2+
Y 2.8
(i) W (½ mark)
(ii) X (½ mark)
24. The formula given below represents a potion of polymer
25. In an experiment 3.36g of iron fillings were added to excess of copper (ii) Sulphate.
Calculate the mass of copper that was deposited. (Cu=63.5, Fe=56.0) (3marks)
26. Below is a set up of apparatus used to react ammonia gas with Iron (ii) Chloride.
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1-29 80
1. An impure solid of copper (II) carbonate weighing 10.8g was placed in a beaker
containing 50cm3 of dilute Nitric (V) acid. The volume of carbon (IV) oxide evolved
was recorded at 20 second interval in the table below.
Time from start of reaction 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
(sec)
Volume of CO2 at s.t.p(litres) 0.0 0.65 0.90 1.07 1.10 1.12 1.12
a) Write the equation for the reaction between copper (II) carbonate and nitric (V)
acid. (1mk)
g) Calculate the original concentration of the nitric (V) acid in moles per litres.
(2mks)
2. a) Give a reason why copper metal can be extract by a reaction copper (II) oxide where
aluminium cannot be extracted by reduction of aluminium oxide. (1mk)
b) Study the flow chart below of extraction of aluminium questions that follows:
3. a) Study the scheme below and use it to answer question that follow.
Step II
Step III
iii) Write the equation for step IV (1mk)
c) The repeating unit for polymer C and nylon have the structures below.
Ag(aq) + e- Ag(s) +
0.80
E F K G
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1 - 26
Total 80
1. This question concerns about alkaline earth metals. The following table gives
information about their atomic and ionic Radii
Elements Atomic Ionic radius 1st ionization 2nd ionization
m+2 Energy energy
Berflium 0.112 0.030 1800
Magnesium 0.160 0.065 736 1450
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calcium 0.197 0.094 590 1150
a) How do you account for the fact that :-
For all elements the ionic radius is smaller than the atomic radius . (1mk)
st
b) The second ionization energy is higher than 1 ionization energy is higher than
1st ionization energy for each element. Explain. (2mks)
2. Amino acids k and L were found to be a pure compound. A chromatography of these
amino acids of k and L and also three sugars X,Y and Z was made with the results
shown below.
Explain the observations made when a wet red litmus paper was dipped into the two test –
tube. (2mks)
b) The table below shows the PH values of some solution
Solution A B C D
Atomic number 15 16 17 20
10. a) To what temperature must 2 litres of air at 17°C be heated at a constant pressure in
order to double the volume. (2mks)
b) State Charles law
11. Using dot ( •) and crosses ( x) diagram to represent electrons in the outer most energy
levels only show bonding in phosphine molecule.pH+4. ( P = 15 , H = 1) (2mks)
12. a) Give the systematic IUPAC name of the following substances
i) CH3CH CH CH3 (1mk)
ii) CH3 CH BY CH Br CH3 (1mk)
b) Study the set – up below and answer question which follows.
Use the above equations to calculate the lattice energy of alluminium chloride. (3mks)
14. The graph below shows solubility of potassium nitrate and potassium chloride at
different temperature .Study and answer the question below.
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i) What happens when a solution containing 20g of potassium nitrate and 45g of
potassium chloride in 100g of water at 80°C is cooled to 40°C? (2mks)
b) What technique can be used to separate solid with different solubilities. (1mk)
228 228
ii) Ra→ AC (1mk)
88 89
19. Starting with lead metal describe how a sample of lead II hydroxide is prepared .
(3mks)
20. The graph below represents the energy charges when hydrogen peroxide decomposes
a) Calculate the e.m.f of the electrochemical formed when the two half cells are
connect. (1mk)
b) Write the cell representation for the reaction in (a) above. (1mk)
c) Half cell of metal x was connect to another half cell of metal Z and the
electrochemical cell formed overall e.m.f of +0.69V .Determine the reduction
potential of metal Z (1mk)
24. The diagram below shows an experiment involving chlorine water.
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1 12
2 12
3 12
4 10
5 11
6 13
Total Score 80
1.(a)The table below shows the ions of elements W, X, Y, Z and their electron arrangement.
The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the element.
Wˉ 2, 8, 8
X²+ 2, 8, 8
Y³+ 2, 8
Z²ˉ 2, 8
(i)Which two elements belong to the same period? Give a reason. (2mks)
(ii)In which group of the periodic table does Y belong? (1mk)
(iii)Write the formula of the compound formed between W and X. (1mk)
(iv)What type of bond is formed between W and X. Explain. (2mks)
(b)(i)What is a coordinate bond. (1mk)
(ii) Draw a dot (.) cross (X) diagram to show bonding in the hydroxonium.
H3O+ ion (H = 1, O = 8). (2mks)
(c) Aluminium chloride and sodium chloride are both chlorides of period 3
elements.Use this information to explain the following observations.
I.A solution of AlCl3 in water turns blue litmus paper red while that of sodium
chloride does hot. (1½mks)
II.The melting point of sodium chloride (801C) is higher than that of AlCl3
(180C). (1½mks)
2.(a)Use the standard electrode potentials for elements A, B, C, D and E given below to
answer the questions that follow. The letters do not represent the actual symbols of the
elements.
EӨ (volts)
A(2aq+ ) + 2e − A(S ) -2.90
B(2aq+ ) + 2e − B (S ) -2.38
C(+aq ) + e − 1 C 2( g ) 0.00
2
D(2aq+ ) + 2e − D (S ) +0.34
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1 E + e− E− +2.87
2 (aq )
(i)Which element is likely to be hydrogen? Give a reason for your answer. (2mks)
(ii)Identify the strongest reducing agent. (1mk)
(iii)In the space provided draw a labeled diagram of the electrochemical cell that would
be obtained when half cells of element B and D are combined. (3mks)
Ө
iv)Calculate the E value of the electrochemical cell constructed in (iii) above. (2mks)
(b) During the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution using copper electrodes,
a current of 0.2A was passed through the cell for 5 hours.
(i)Write the equation of the reaction occurring at the anode. (1mk)
(ii) Determine the change in mass of the cathode which occurred as a result of
the electrolysis process. (Cu = 64, IF = 96500C). (3mks)
3. (a) A hydrocarbon contains 85% carbon. Its molecular mass is 68g.
(i)Determine its empirical and molecular formula. (C = 12, H = 1). (2mks)
(ii)Draw two positional isomers of the hydrocarbon. (1mk)
(iii)Write an equation for the reaction between one of the isomers with chlorine
and name the products formed. (2mks)
Equation.-
Name-
(b) In an experiment an organic compound was reacted with absolute ethanol in the
presence of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid to form a compound whose
formula is
CH3 CH2 CH2 COOCH2 CH3
(i) Name
I.The type of reaction that took place. (½mk)
II.The name of the organic compounds to which the compound
belonged. (½mk)
(ii) Write the structural formula and give the systematic name of the acid
used in the above experiment. (1mk)
(c) Study the flow diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
E
KMnO4(aq)/H+
Polymer Step Ni / H2
CH2 CH2 B
A
II Reagent P Step III Step IV
Sweat Reagent Q KMnO4(aq)/H+
CH3CH2OH C
Smelling
Step III
Substance D
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(i)Identify the following compounds.
B_ (½mk)
C_ (½mk)
A_ (½mk)
E_ (½mk)
I_ (½mk)
II _ (½mk)
IV _ (½mk)
(ii) Reagent
P_ (½mk)
Q_ (½mk)
4. (a) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.
Colourless
Dilute
hydrochloric Solution II
acid
Pb(NO3)2(aq)
(i) Identify
I. White precipitate I. (1mk)
II.Solution II. (1mk)
III.Residue V. (1mk)
(ii)Write an ionic equation for the reaction of solution II with Pb(NO3)2(aq).
(1mk)
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(iii)Write observations that would be made when ammonia solution is added
drop wise till in excess to the colourless solution II. (1mk)
(b) The diagram below represents a set-up for large scale manufacture of
hydrochloric acid.Study it and answer the questions that follow:
Water
Glass beads
Dry chlorine →
→ Hydrochloric
X acid
(i) Name substance X. (1mk)
(ii) What is the purpose of glass beads? (1mk)
(iii) Give one source of substance X used in the above process. (1mk)
(iv) Give two use of hydrochloric acid. (2mks)
5. (a) Use the information below to answer the questions that follow.
Ca (S ) + 1 O 2( g )
2
→ CaO( S ) H = -635 KJ molˉ¹
Ca (S ) + O 2( g ) → CaO 2( g ) H = -394 KJ molˉ¹
Ca (S ) + e (S ) + 3 O 2( g ) → CaCO3(S )
2
H = -1207 KJ molˉ¹
Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction.
CaO(S ) + CO 2( g ) → CaCO3(S ) (3mks)
(b)State one factor that should be considered when choosing a fuel for cooking.(1mk)
(c)The following data was obtained during an experiment to determine the molar heat
of combustion of ethanol.
Volume of water used = 500cm³
Initial temperature of water = 25C
Final temperature of water = 44.5C
Mass of ethanol + lamp before burning = 121.5g
Mass of ethanol + lamp after burning = 120.0g
Calculate the
(i) heat evolved during the experiment (density of water = 1g/cm³, specific
heat capacity
of water = 4.2Jgˉ¹ˉK¹). (1mk)
(ii) molar heat of combustion of ethanol (C = 12, O = 16, H = 1). (2mks)
Steel tank
Molten ore
Molten
aluminium
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1- 30 80
(i) State and explain two ways of increasing the yield of SO3 per unit time from the
diagram. (2 mks)
(ii) What do the following represent?
∆
H1. ( ½ mk)
∆
H2 ( ½ mk)
4. The diagram below shows an incomplete set-up of preparation and collect of dry
hydrogen
chloride gas. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
Which piece of iron would rust when the holes were filled with water and left for
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sometime?Explain. (2 mks)
18. (i) Define a dynamic equilibrium. (1 mk)
(ii) The equation below shows a reaction at equilibrium
2- + 2-
2CrO 4 ( aq) + 2H (aq) Cr 2O 7 ( aq) + H 2O (l)
If a graph of reaction rate against time plotted, the curve obtained is as below.
24. The graph below represent the solubility curve of a gas in water.
a) State and explain the conclusion that can be drawn from this curve about the solubility of
the gas. (1 mk)
o
(b) The solubility of salt T at 80 C is 40g / 100g of water. What mass of T will saturate 65g
of water at 800C? (2 mks)
25. The following circuit was set – up to investigate effect of electric current on substances.
State and explain the effect on the bulb when the following substances were
connected between crocodile clips.
(i) Mercury (1 mk)
(ii) Sugar crystals. (1 mk)
(i) Name two physical properties of Sodium utilized in the extraction and collection
of sodium metal. (2 mks)
(ii) What precaution is taken to prevent Chlorine and Sodium from recombining
(½ mk)
(iii) State one use of Sodium metal. ( ½ mk)
28. The scheme below represents the manufacture of a cleaning agent F.
(a)Give the formula of F and the type of cleaning agent in which F belongs. (2 mk)
Formula:
Type:
(b)State one disadvantage of using F as a cleaning agent. (1 mk)
o
29. 3.22g of hydrated Sodium Sulphate, Na2SO4 X H2O were heated to a constant
mass of 1.42g, determine the value of X in the formula. (Na = 23, S = 32, O =
16, H=1). (2 mks)
SCHOOL…………………………………..CLASS………………………………
DATE………………………………………
1. The table below shows part of the Periodic table. The letter of the elements do not represent
the actual symbols of the elements:-
U W
Ore X Step I
Substance Molten
Solution Aluminium Molten
Q R Step IIOxide Step IIIAluminium Aluminium
Oxide
Substance S
(a) (i) Write the formula of the main Ore X which is used in extraction of aluminium.
(1mk)
(ii) Name:
(a) The main residue formed after filtration in step I. (1mk)
(b) Substance Q. (1mk)
(iii) How is the sodium Aluminate in Solution R separated from the impurity silicon
(iv) oxide. (2mks)
(iv) What is the purpose of addition of substance S in step III. (2mks)
(c) (i) Explain why Duralum an alloy of Aluminium is used in construction of aircraft parts
and car window frames. (1mk)
(ii) Apart from the application of Aluminium above, state two other uses. (2mks)
3. (a)(i) With the aid of a chemical equation, explain how boiling affects water hardness.
(b)The saturated point of Sodium Nitrate in 100g of water is given for various
temperatures in 0C.
Temperature 0 20 40 60 80 100
(0C)
P
B
Time
a) What is represented by curve A? Explain. (2mks)
b) Explain why curve A rises fast then constant. (1mk)
(b) Dilute Sulphuric (vi) acid was added to the white residue. A colourless solution M was
formed.
(ii) Write an equation that results in the formation of the colourless solution M.
(1mk)
(iii) The solution M was electrolysed using graphite electrodes as shown in the set up
below.
(c) Explain why crystals of the salt are formed when the saturated solution is cooled.
(1mk)
(d) Write a chemical equation for the reaction. (1mk)
(e) Explain one of the salt prepared in this experiment. (1mk)
0
(II) At 35 C the reaction between bromine and methanoic acid proceeds according to the
equation below: H+
Br2(aq) + HCOOH(aq) 2Br-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + CO2(g)
The rate of reaction was determined by monitoring the time taken for bromine to be
decolorized.
Concentration of bromine (mol dm-3) Time taken
10.0 x 10-3 0
8.1 x 10-3 1
6.6 x 10-3 2
4.4 x 10-3 4
3.0 x 10-3 6
2.0 x 10-3 8
1.3 x 10-3 10
(a) Plot a graph of bromine concentration (vertical axis) against time. (3mks)
(provide a graph paper)
(b) Using your graph,
(i) State the concentration of bromine in the 3rd minute. (1mk)
(ii) Calculate the rate of reaction at 1½ minute. (2mks)
(c) Explain how the concentration of bromine affects reaction rate. (1mk)
(d) On the same axis, sketch the curve that would be obtained if the reaction was carried
out at 200C and label it I. (1mk)
6. The scheme below shows several reactions starting with propanol. Study the scheme and
answer the questions that follow.
Propane Q CH2BrCHBrCH3
Bromine
Water
Conc.
S
Excess H+ CH3CH2 CH2OH Gas R
K2Cr2O7
CH3CH2COO CH2CH3
(T)
(i) Using the information above, show the formation of propane using an energy
cycle diagram. (2mks)