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Ajol File Journals - 208 - Articles - 187894 - Submission - Proof - 187894 2473 477437 1 10 20190703
Ajol File Journals - 208 - Articles - 187894 - Submission - Proof - 187894 2473 477437 1 10 20190703
Abstract
A total of 99 day old broiler chicks were used in a 56 day trial to determine the growth response and
carcass characteristics of broiler Chickens on different daily feeding frequency. They were randomly
allotted into three treatment groups (T1, T2, T3). T1 were fed once a day, T2 were fed twice a day while T3
were fed thrice a day. All treatments were fed with the same quality and quantity of feed. Data obtained
include; weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass traits of the broiler chickens. Results
obtained revealed no significant (P>0.05) difference among the growth parameters observed except the
final weight. Birds fed twice a day recorded the highest final weight (2295.50g) followed by those fed once
a day (2236.30g) and thrice a day (2230.30g) respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) among
dietary treatments were observed on carcass parameters measured except the live weight, drumstick and
heart. The live weight of the experimental animals ranged significantly from birds fed once a day
(2366.67g) to those fed thrice a day (2783.30g). Birds fed twice a day and thrice a day had similar
(P>0.05) drumstick values but significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed once. Animals fed twice a day
(0.58) recorded the highest heart weight followed by those fed once a day (0.45) and thrice a day (0.48)
that was statistically similar. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that birds fed frequently at
least twice a day performed better compared with birds fed once a day.
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amino acid required by man and likewise the (7am, 12noon and 5pm). The birds in each
required vitamins and minerals (5) Animal treatment were fed same quantity and quality
protein source like mutton is very expensive, of feed. Daily management of the experimental
whereas beef has a limited use because of its birds include weighing of the experimental
high cholesterol content, broiler meat may feed of each replicate, cleaning of the feeding
therefore help in bridging the gap between and water trough, inspection of the birds’
supply and demand of animal protein because excreta. Weekly management includes
of its high biological value, quickest and weighing of experimental birds of each
economical source of human food (6). Various replicates and occasional management includes
methods of feed restriction such as intermittent vaccination and medication of the birds.
feeding, frequency of feeding, skip a day
feeding have one or more effect on Experimental Design
performance of broiler production. This study A total of ninety-nine (99) birds used for
therefore evaluated the effects of feeding this study were randomly allotted into three (3)
frequency on the growth performance and dietary treatments of three replicates
carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. containing eleven (11) birds in a completely
randomized design.
Materials and Methods
Experimental Site Chemical analysis
The experiment was carried out at An aliquot of daily feed samples
Teaching and Research farm of the Federal (concentrates) was collected, oven-dried,
College of Animal Health and Production ground and sieved through a 2-mm sieve and
Technology, Moor plantation, Ibadan. The area stored in airtight container for proximate (8).
lies within the rain forest ecological zone, and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE) was determined
falls within longitude and latitude 70 27l and 30 by subtracting sum of (%Moisture + % Crude
25l respectively at altitude 200- 300m above Protein + % Ether extract + % Crude fibre + %
the sea level with an annual rainfall of about Ash) from 100.
1250mm. The temperature and relative
humidity ranges from 30 – 350C and 76 – 84%
respectively. The experiment lasted for a Parameters Measured
period of 8 weeks. Data were collected based on the following
parameters:
Experimental Animals and their Management. Feed consumption: This was obtained
A total of ninety-nine (99) birds were used by weighing the quantity of feed
for this experiment they were distributed served in gram and the next day, the
randomly into three (3) dietary treatments of leftover was weighed in order to know
three replicates containing eleven (11) birds. the quantity of feed consumed.
The birds were weighed at the commencement Body weight gain: Birds were weighed
of the experiment to determine their initial every week before feed and water
weight and subsequently weighed on weekly were given All birds in each replicate
basis until the experiment was completed. In were weighed and average weight for
treatment one (T1), the birds were fed once each replicate was obtained by
daily (7am), birds in treatment two (T2), were dividing the total weight of the birds
fed twice daily (7a.m and 12noon) while birds by the number of birds in each
in treatment three (T3) were fed thrice daily replicate.
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Odukoya et al
Feed Conversion Ratio: This was computed by stunned, bled and processed to obtain the dress
dividing the daily feed intake by the daily weight, eviscerated weight while the organs
weight gain. and cut-up parts are expressed as percentages
of the live weight.
Statistical Analysis
Carcass Evaluation Data collected were subjected to one-way
At the end of the feeding trial, two (2) analysis of variance (9)and the means were
birds were randomly selected from each separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test
replicate at the end of the experiment for (10) using the statistical package (9).
carcass evaluation. The birds were weighed,
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Odukoya et al
such as initial weight, weight gain, daily recorded in T2 (0.00%). This was in agreement
weight gain, daily feed intake, protein with the report of (11) who reported the more
efficiency and percentage mortality were not frequent poultry birds are fed a day, the more
different across the treatment. However, the the rate of converting the feed to flesh. The
final weight was significantly different across lowest mortality recorded in T2 compared to
the dietary treatment having its highest value other treatments could not be explained as all
of 2295.50g in T2 that was fed twice daily and birds were subjected to the same experimental
the lowest value of (2230.30g) in T3 which was condition.
fed thrice daily. The lowest mortality was
Table 2: Effects of daily frequency of feeding on the growth response of broiler chickens
Parameters T1 T2 T3 SEM
Initial weight (g) 44.23 45.37 46.40 0.54
Final weight (g) 2236.30ab 2295.50a 2230.30b 13.7
Weight gain (g) 2219.10 2183.40 2183.90 23.14
Daily weight gain (g/d) 39.63 38.99 39.00 0.41
Daily feed intake (g/d) 101.87 93.97 100.20 2.63
Feed conversion ratio 2.57 2.42 2.57 0.06
Daily protein intake (g/d) 21.90 20.23 21.53 0.56
Protein efficiency 1.81 1.95 1.81 0.06
Mortality (%) 6.06 0.00 6.05 0.35
a, b ,c
means with same superscript along the row are not significantly different (P>0.05)
T1: Birds fed once daily at 7am,
T2: Birds fed twice daily at 7am and 12noon.
T3: Birds fed thrice daily at 7am, 12noon and 5pm.
Presented in Table 3 is the effect of daily significant of most of the parameters measured
feeding frequency on the carcass was corroborated by the report (12) that
characteristics of broiler chickens. The results nutrition, age, sex, environment, stage of
revealed that there were no significant development and efficiency of feeding were
(P>0.05) differences across the treatments for identified as major determinants for carcass
dressed weight, eviscerated weight, head, quality. The highest values of live and dressed
shank, neck and gizzard. Live weight had the weight observed in T3 and the least observed in
highest value (2783.30g) in T3 while the least T1 supported the findings that birds fed more
value (2366.67g) was obtained in T1. The than once a day perform better than those fed
highest percentage for leg was observed in T2 less frequently (13). Similarly, the results
(2.49%) which showed no significant (P>0.05) obtained from this study corroborated the
when compared to birds in T1 and T3.The report that says feeding birds more frequently
result further revealed that the highest value can improve feed efficiency and nutrient
for drumstick in T2 and T3 were 10.56% and utilization thereby reducing prolonged rearing
10.95% of the live weight of the birds. The non of broiler chickens (14).
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Odukoya et al
Table 3: Effects of daily feeding frequency on the carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
Parameters T1 T2 T3 SEM
Live weight (g) 2366.67c 26600.00b 2783.30a 118.70
Dress weight (g) 2050.00 2216.70 21833.30 58.78
Eviscerated Weight (g) 2000.00 2166.70 2116.70 88.78
Cut-up parts expressed as % of Live weight
Head 3.25 3.26 3.00 0.13
Leg 2.19 2.49 2.02 0.08
Shank 1.10 1.05 1.05 0.04
Drumstick 8.95b 10.56a 10.95a 0.36
Neck 2.45 3.14 2.68 0.15
Gizzard 2.33 2.45 2.43 0.08
Heart 0.45b 0.58a 0.48b 0.02
a, b ,c
means with same superscript along the row are not significantly different (p>0.05)
T1: Birds fed once daily at 7am,
T2: Birds fed twice daily at 7am and 12noon.
T3: Birds fed thrice daily at 7am, 12noon and 5pm.
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Odukoya et al
test and multiple F-test biometrics. 11- 13. Atteh, J. O. (2004): Principle and
42. practice of livestock for protein and
11. Sparadley, J. M. M. E., Freeman, J. feed manufacture Nigerian Journal of
L.W. and Davis, A. J (2008): The Animal Production. 25: 9-16.
influence of daily feeding frequency 14. Zubbair, K. H. and Leeson, A. J.
on performance of broiler chickens. (2001): Performance of broilers fed
Journal of Poultry Science. 87: 56-64. limited quantity of feed and nutrients
12. Goddard, S. (1996): Feed management between seven to fourteen days of age.
in intensive livestock production. Journal of Poultry Science. 80: 446-
Chapman and hall publ. New York. 454.
Pp: 194- 198.
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