UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS Example: When you bite your tongue, someone is thinking of you.

UNIT I: Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics 2. VALUES

CULTURE - are culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in
society.
- a complex whole that includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, - Values are embedded and critical for transmitting and teaching
law, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by a cultures belief.
man as a member of the society.
- It can be learned, can be acquired through interaction with Example: Hospitality
people, and is not genetic and biological.
HALAGA - it is how we value someone that may have a significant impact or
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES a big influence on us since it is a priceless possession.

- refer to individuals’ dissimilarities based on their social ASAL - it is an expression of one’s actions or manners toward others.
characteristics and qualities.
DIWA - vides Filipinos with inner strength and a sharper sense of
Factors Related to Social Differences personhood.

1. GENDER - This is the socially-constructed characteristics of being male 3. NORMS

and female.
- These are guides or models of behaviour which tell us what is
2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS - It is often measured as a combination of proper and which is not, appropriate or inappropriate, right or
education, income and occupation. wrong.

STATUS - Role set norms, values, behaviors, and personalit Example: Covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze.

3. EXCEPTIONALITY - It is the state of being intellectually gifted and/or 4. SYMBOLS

being physically or mentally challenged.
- Such as gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words
4. NATIONALITY - This refers to the legal relationship that binds a person
and a country. Ethnocentrism vs Cultural Relativism

5. ETHNICITY - Term that described shared culture. 1. ETHNOCENTRISM

6. RELIGION - An organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the - regards one’s culture as the best or superior
supernatural. - Evaluate one’s culture in terms of one’s own and to conclude
that other culture is inferior barbaric or immoral.
SOCIETY - Defined as organized groups of independent people who shares
common territory, language, interests and culture. Example: Many Filipino supporters and subscribers think that OPM is better
than KPOP music.
ANTHROPOLOGY - It deals with the scientific study of man, his work, his
body, his behaviors, his values, in time and space. 2. CULTURAL RELATIVISM

CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY - The idea that culture must viewed and analyze on their own
terms and in content of their own societal content.
- The field of anthropology that studies cultural variation across
different societies and examines the need to understand each Example: Not saying “po and opo” shows impoliteness.
culture in its own context.
- Deals with the scientific study of human interactions, whole Sub-concept of Culture
societies, and the human world as such.
1. XENOCENTRISM - belief that what is foreign is best

2. TEMPOROCENTRISM - belief that one’s own time is more important than

Four Great Anthropologist that of the past or future.

1. Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown - He popularized his version of 3. SUB-CULTURE - smaller group which develop norms, values, belief and
functionalism where he viewed the component parts of society as being language w/c can make them distinct from the broader society.
indispensable to one another.
4. COUNTER CULTURE - subculture that that has values and norms that
2. Franz Boaz - rejected the biological basis of racism or racial sharply contradict those of the larger society.
discrimination.
5. CULTURE UNIVERSAL - refers to common cultural elements that are
3. Marcel Mauss - recognized as a great proponent of “social ethnology” found with all the society.

4. Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski - He stressed the importance of fieldwork 6. CULTURE SHOCK - experience of disorientation and frustration that
and in particular the concept of participant observation. occurs when individuals find themselves among those who do not share
them fundamental premises.
POLITICS - The activity that focuses on human behavior with regard to
matters related to government activities such as formulation and execution 7. CULTURE LAG - inability of the society to adapt immediately to another
of policies and creation of laws. culture as a result of the disparity in the rate between material and
nonmaterial element of culture.
Elements of the State
8. CULTURAL INTEGRATION - Concerned with the adaption of a mass
1. POPULATION - refers to the people that compose the state consumer culture where everything (e.g., fashion, sports, music) become
integrated into the national culture often without a challenge.
2. Territory - refers to the place where the people that compose the state
are located, and includes land, natural resources, and air space located Types of Culture
within it
1. MATERIAL CULTURE - includes physical objects or artifacts like the things
3. GOVERNMENT - is the system that administers or controls the state, and those human beings create by altering the natural environment.
is the instrument through which the will of the state is made known and
implemented 2. NON-MATERIAL CULTURE - Intangible

4. SOVEREIGNTY - refers to the ability of the state to govern itself without HUMAN EVOLUTION
outside influence or interference.
- is the part of biological evolution concerning the emergence of
SOCIOLOGY - A branch of the social sciences that deals with the scientific Homo sapiens as a distinct species from other hominans, great
study of human interactions, whole societies, and the human world as such. apes, and placental animals.
- Most scientists believe that the evolution of life began in the
UNIT II: Culture and Society Major Elements of Culture 1. forests some 3000 million years ago.

BELIEFS AUSTRALOPITHECUS

- Are convictions or tenets that individuals regard to be true. - This is the immediate forerunner of the genus Homo.
- Individuals in society hold particular ideas, but they also share - They walked erect, lived on the ground, and probably used
common values. stones as a weapon to hunt small animals.
 - They were similar to modern humans in that they were bipedal REBELLION - individuals challenge the existing culturally accepted goals by
but, like apes, they had small brains. coming up with new ones, and the prescribed means in achieving these
goals.
HOMO ERECTUS
COMMON GOOD
- It was named pithecanthropus erectus meaning the “erect ape
man”. This is considered to be intermediate between that of - refers to the social condition that stimulates and upholds the
human and apes. They learned to use tools and there is dignity of people, permitting them to attain maximum potential
evidence on the use of fire. and obtain the rights and privileges essential for a favorable
living.
SAPIENS – wise or intelligent - is a term of art, referring to either what is shared and beneficial
for all or most members of a given community.
Cultural and Socio-Political Evolution

- Human beings are social beings who live out their lives in the
company of others.

The Theories on the Origin of the Society

1. FORCE THEORY

- makes the society a result of a superior physical force or

exceptional physical strength.

2. SOCIAL CONTRACT THEORY

- views that all men are born free and equal.  people live
together in society in accordance with an agreement that
establishes moral and political rules of behavior.

According to Thomas Hobbes, an English philosopher, scientist, and

historian, man in the state of nature is in conflict with his neighbors
because, basically he is selfish in nature.

3. EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

- society is the result of a gradual evolution, it is a continuous

development from unorganized to organized, from less perfect
to more perfect and various factors helped in the development
from time to time.

1. HUNTING AND GATHERING

- This is the most primitive type of sociocultural society,

commonly known as hunter-gatherer societies. The people
survived by hunting larger animals, collecting shellfish, and
gathering vegetables.

2. INDUSTRIAL

- These societies began in the 18th century during the Industrial

Revolution and is characterized by the used of machines and
then factories that replaced the plow and other agricultural
equipment as the primary mode of production.

UNIT III: Becoming a Member of the Society

SOCIALIZATION

- a lifelong process by which people learn the ways of the society

in which they live.
- Takes place when prospective culture bearers learn the body of
knowledge and skills through education, training, exposure,
and experiences.

ASCRIBED - given at birth or is assigned later in life

ACHIEVED - acquired through effort, talent, decisions, and accomplishments

ENCULTURATION

- Occurs when cultural knowledge is passed on the next bearer.

- Human beings are social beings who live out their lives in the
company of others.

FAMILY - considered the most important agent of socialization because it is

usually the first group to provide meaning and support to the individual.

CONFORMITY - Adjusting one’s behaviour or thinking to correspond with a

group criterion.

DEVIANCE

- is the source of harm, injuries, and deaths and endangers social

norms.
- A behavior, trait, belief, or other attributes that defies or
violates a norm and triggers an undesirable outcome.

INNOVATION - individuals still accept cultural goals but go about in

achieving it in a culturally disapproved way

RITUALISM - individuals still live in the society, and according to its

culturally approved ways, but no longer try to achieve cultural goals.

RETREATISM - individuals no longer desire to achieve cultural goal, and have

abandoned the culturally approved ways of achieving these goals.
MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY - Most common for of communication. Takes place in
daily Interaction.
UNIT I: COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
SEMANTIC BARRIERS
- Exchange of information and the expression of feelings
that can results in understanding. - Obstruction in the process of encoding and decoding.
- Medium to communicate ideas and thefore be - Wrong use of words, faulty translations, and different
interprations.
understood.
- Continues process that involves 3 elements: SENDER, PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
MESSEGE, and RECEIVER
- Emotional factors act as barriers.
SENDER - The communicator who generates the message and - Worried and angry people cannot communicate
conveys it to the receiver. He is the source and the one who starts properly.
the communication.
ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS
ENCODING - the message generated by the sender is encoded
symbolically such as in the form of words, pictures, gestures, etc. - Acts as barriers to effective communication in an
before it is conveyed. organization.

PERSONAL BARRIERS
RECEIVER - The person who receives the message and
understands it in proper perspective and acts according to the - Personal factors of both sender and receiver.
message.
UNIT II: MEDIA
DECODING - The process of converting the symbols encoded by
the sender. MEDIA
CHANNEL - The manner in which the encoded msg is transmitted.
The msg may be transmitted orally or in writing. - Acts as tool, intervening agency
- Helps spread information in different forms and
devices; makes communication easiers
MESSAGE - The idea, information, view, fact, feeling, etc. that is
generated by the sender and is then intended to be INFORMATION
communicated further.
FEEDBACK - Once the receiver confirms to the sender that he has - Supply of communicaiton
received the msg and understood it, and gives response, the
process of communication is completed. PERVASIVENESS

BARRIERS - The factors which may affect the communication - Present and noticeable in every part of a thing or place.
process. These can be the culture, individual, differences,
language use, noise, experiences, and status. INFORMATION SOURCE

- Undeniable value of media as it is largest source of

NOISE - Refers to any obstruction that is caused by the sender,
information in its respective media platforms
message, or receiver during the process of communication.
ENTERTAINMENT SOURCE
CONTEXT - The situation or environment in which communication
takes place. - Recreation value of media

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION PERSUASSION FORUM

- Channel for debates

1. HAROLD LASSWEL’S MODEL
BINDING INFLUENCE
- Most common in mainstream media such as tv, raido,
and newspapers. No immediate feedback to get. - Media is the source that binds people to media and
others.
2. DAVID K. BERLO’S MODEL

- Emphasis on coding and decoding of message which UNIT III: INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION
can be used for more efficient communication. LITERACY

3. SHANNON & WEAVER’S MODEL MEDIA LITERACY

- Mother of all communication models. - Ability to access, analyze, evaluate, create, and act,
- Includes noise. using all forms of communication.
- 21st Century approach to education
4. SCHRAMM’S FIELD MODEL - Analytical attitude towards media environments that
are being media critical and courage to express
- Feedback concept is seen. oneself through media
- Example is telephonic call.
SKILLS IN MEDIA LITERACY
5. TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
1. AESTHETHIC AND CREATIVE SKILLS – ability to view, listen,
- Designed to represent public communication. create, and interpret media. Developed when creating media.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION 2. INTERACTIVE SKILLS – ability to communicate through media
and an ability to identify with different media roles. Collaborative
- Form of communication in which message is
learning and doing.
transmitted verbally.
3. CRITICAL ANALYZING SKILLS – give meanings to and to
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
understand media contents. Study of varied media contents and
- Form of communication through worldless messages games.
such as gestures, body language, posture, tone of
4. SECURITY SKILLS – solve problamatic solutions and avoid
voice, or facial expressions.
unpleasant circumstances. Protection of one’s privacy and the
FORMAL COMMUNICATION avoidance of harmful content and contacts.

- Profesional or formal setting. Primary purpose is INFORMATION LITERACY

information dissemination.

INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
 - Set of competencies for obtaining, understanding,
evaluating, adapting, generating, storing, presenting,
information for problem analysis and decision making, INTERNET
- Recognizing when information is needed and clearly
communicating in various formats. - paved way for faster communication and creation of
social network.
PRIMARY SOURCES

- Original information does not contain interpretaion.

- First-hand information from the original source.

SECONDARY SOURCES

- Information that has been interpreted, analyzed, or

summarized.
- Second-hand information from other sources.

TERTIARY SOURCES

- Information that included compilations from both

primary and secondary sources.

GREY LITERATURE

- Sources that are not usually available for distribution

UNIT IV: EVOLUTION OF MEDIA

TRADITIONAL MEDIA
UNIT VI: MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES
- Conventional means of mass communication practiced
by various global communities and cultures from Providers of Information
ancient times.
A. ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS
NEW MEDIA B. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
C. PRIVATE SECTORS
- Technologies that enable or enhance interacting D. PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS
between users as well as interaction between users
and content. TYPES OF INFORMATION

TIMELINE OF MEDIA A. SCHOLARLY INFORMATION

A. PREHISTORIC AGE - research field experts

- 3,200 BCE in MESOPOTAMIA - reference and citations are indicated

- 600 BCE IN MESOAMERICA
B. PROFESSIONAL OR TRADE INFORMATION
- Archeological Period: Stone Age; Bronze Age; and Iron
Age. - current news and trends presented by experts and enthusiast
- Humans drew on caves and animal skins
- Materials found in nature were used to record human - does not have to be peer-reviewed
transactions and memory
- Clay and stone were developed for documentation and C. ENTERTAINMENT OF POPULAR INFORMATION
form of symbolic impressions
- general population
ORAL TRADTIONS – Ancestor of information and communcation
flow - discussion of other people’s works

FINGERS – Indicate quantity or numbers for recordkeeping - journalist, staff writers, or content producers

B. INDUSTRIAL AGE D. OPINION

- Encomapsses changes in economic and social - viewpoint, judgement, or statement

organization
- varies from different persons
- around 1760 in GREAT BRITAIN
INDIGINEOUS MEDIA
C. ELECTRONIC AGE
- Community media
- Ushered through invention of transistor (1947)
- Utilizes indigenous knowledge
- Onset of information age, often assosciated with digital
- Unusual source of information
revolution
- Unique to a given culture or society (Warren, 1991)
- Electronic equipment came into use
- Long distance communication became more efficient LIBRARY
ENIAC - Place where literary, musical, artistic, or reference
books or materials are found
- Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
a. BOOKS – great deal of information about a topic.
- First programmable, electronic, general-purpose digital
computer made in 1945. STACKS – collection of books that are organized
- John Mauchly and Presper Eckert and storeed by libraries
EDSAC b. ACADEMIC JOURNALS – used by students for
research. Group of articles reviewed by an
- Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
editorial board
- Early british computer
c. ENCYCLOPEDIA – collections of various facts
- Created at University of Cambridge in England
usually written by different contributors who are
- “Baby” – first graphical computer game
knowledgeable about that topic
- Maurice Wilkes
d. LIBRARY CATALOG – organized collection of
D. DIGITAL AGE records of the items found in the library. Lead a
user to the location of a source about a topic.
- known as computer age, new age, and information age
- shift from traditional industry to an economy-based MASS MEDIA
information computerization
 - Reaches a large audience through written, spoken, or - It is a short poetry in a form of tanaga, that
broadcast communication is sent through SMS on mobile phone. It consists of 4
LITERATURE lines with 7 syllables using (/) to end a line and (//) to
- It came from the word litera which means end the stanza. with rhyme scheme aabb, abab,
letter and considered as a work of creative abba.
imagination. Example:

UNIVERSALITY CALABARZON
- It means that literature appeals to - Its regional center is Calamba in Laguna
everyone, regardless of culture, race, sex, and time and rich in cultural traditions.
which are all considered significant.
NOLI ME TANGERE
PERMANENCE - It is the first novel written by Filipino patriot
- It means that literature endures across time and national hero Dr. José P. Rizal in 1887 and
and draws out the time factor; timeliness and published in Germany.
timelessness.
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
-
- A dark, brooding, at times satirical novel of
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
revenge, unfulfilled love, and tragedy.
- During this period, our forefathers already
had their literature, which reflected in their customs
EFREN REYES ABUEG
and traditions. BC- 1564
- He was a Filipino-language creative writer,
SPANISH COLONIZATION PERIOD - 1565 – 1872
editor, author, novelist, short story writer, essayist,
PERIOD OF APPRENTICESHIP - 1910-1930
fictionist, professor, textbook writer, and anthologist in
PERIOD OF EMERGENCE - 1920-1930
the Philippines; Mga Haliging Inaanay – from Cavite
PERIOD OF ACTIVISM - 1970-1972
PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY - 1972-1980
PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ
- She became a teacher at the University of
PASYON - narrative poem
Philippines who taught short story writing and had
SENAKULO – is an example of a dramatic poetry
become an influential figure to many Filipino writers in
TANAGA - These are common forms of poetry which
the English language.
has a quatrain with 7 syllables each with the same
rhyme at the end of each line.
ALEJANDRO G. ABADILLA
FABLES: animal characters:
– Father of Modern Philippine Poetry; Ako
FANTASTIC STORIES underworld characters
ang Daigdig
KALUSAN - working songs:
TAGAY - drinking songs
ISMAEL V. MALLARI - Pliant Like a Bamboo
DRAMATIC POETRY
TEODORO A. AGONCILLO
- It tells stories like the narrative poetry, but is
- National Scientist of the Philippines; Revolt
usually in a form of dialogues in plays with rhymes,
of the Masses: The Story of Bonificacio and the
repeating rhythms, and other poetic elements.
Katipunan
FOLK SONGS
- These are songs that are usually
TEODORO M. KALAW
accompanied with dances and whose authors are
- Reformas en la Ensenanza Del Derecho
typically not known.

ISMAEL V. MALLARI – from Rizal

METRICAL TALE
- It is written in verse that relates to real or
N.V.M. GONZALES - Who Spoke of Courage in His
imaginary events in simple, straightforward language.
This genre speaks about control and discipline. Sleep

BLOG CONRADO V. PEDROCHE - Speak Not, Speak Also

- In this genre, posts are typically displayed
in reverse chronological order, so that the most recent MARCELO H. DEL PILLAR - Pasyon Dapat Ipag-
post appears first, at the top of the web page. alab ng Puso

FLASH FICTION PASCUAL POBLETE - Patnubay sa Binyagan

- It is a hybrid or mixed genre that consists of
one-part poetry and one-part narrative. FIRST PERSON POV - “I, me, we, mine”

CHICK LIT THIRD PERSON POV - “she, he, and they”

- This is another emerging genre of literature
ELEGY - life and death
that is about women and how they live their
lives and deal with their romantic problems.
SONNET – deals with love
SPECULATIVE FICTION
EPIC - heroic deeds:
- This kind of fiction should not be taken
lightly for it may convey sensitive topics that were
METRICAL ROMANCE - chivalry and love
born from the depths of someone’s creative mind.

JOSE – novella
MOBILE TEXTULA
 DEAD STARS - Short Story ➔ The exact origin of the jump rope activity is unclear.

➔ The Jump Rope Institute notes that jumping rope dates from
ancient China.

INTRODUCTION TO LARO NG LAHI

➔ The Chinese rope makers invented it as part of their New
Year's celebrations and called it the Hundred Rope Jumping
game, or Jumping 100 Threads.
 Traditional Filipino games or indigenous games in
the Philippines (Tagalog: Laro ng Lahi) are games
commonly played by children, usually using native
➔ Egyptians invented it for male athletes. They jumped vines
as part of their conditioning routines.
materials or instruments.
 Laro ng Lahi can be preserved by employing
Players are called Jumpers and Spectators
continuous engagement in the respective houses
and classroom integration by considering native
materials. MECHANICS
 The objectives of the said activities are:
If a player is out to the rhythm of the steps hereby hitting the
- to help build camaraderie and rope, the next player will take turns with the loser will be the
sportsmanship among the youth (high one to swing the rope.
school students)
-
promote physical fitness, encourage the ➔ Through evolution, there were techniques created in the
youth to engage in outdoor games, and procedure. Some of the techniques included are jumping
to help promote our Filipino games or forward, jumping backward, alternating feet, double under,
“Larong Pinoy” and many others.
VALUES DEVELOPED IN PLAYING GAMES
PIKO
- Teamwork
➔ The objective is for an individual or team to score
- Confidence highest in skipping or jumping over the rope while it is being
- Discipline turned continuously over the head and under the feet of
- Respect players. The two ends of the rope are held and turned over by
- Overcoming Difficulty two people.
- Decision Making
- Patience and Determination ➔ Players are divided into two or more teams, with a
- Camaraderie and Sportsmanship minimum number of two members per team. Each team also
has its own team leader, more commonly known as the
PIKO “Mother”

- In the Philippines, this traditional game of "Piko" or

"Hopscotch" was a popular street game during the ➔ The spectators should sing the chant.
1980s.
LUKSONG BAKA
- This game was used as part of the military training of
History of Luksong Baka
the Ancient Romans.

- The Traditional English design is a series of numbered - Luksong Baka (English: Jump over the Cow) is a
rectangles usually 8 to 10 in total, with the semi- traditional Filipino game that originated in
circular “safe space” at the end. Bulacan province in the Central Luzon Region of the
MATERIALS Philippines.

- Marker
- This game involves a minimum of 3 individuals and
a maximum of 10. However, kids may adjust the
- Pamato (PUCKS)
maximum number of players, especially with many
MECHANICS participants.
- The main objective is for the players successfully
1. To start the game, the players should have a manohan.
jump over the baka (cow), also called the tayȃ or
2. If you step on or over the line while playing, your turn
“it”, without hitting any part of the latter’s body or
is void and it goes to your opponent.
falling over him.
3. You cannot hop on one foot and then put two feet
down in the same box; you must keep hopping on Rules of playing Baka
one foot until you reach the next box.
4. The pamato must be tossed from behind the line and - The baka player (taya or “it”) will stand in a
not in front of it. different position or level (a baka player bends over
5. You cannot touch or pick up the pamato while hoping
with their hands placed on his knees).
forward; you can only touch or pick it up when you
are hoping back. - All the players will jump over the baka until all the
6. You cannot put your pamato on a line; it should be players have jumped.
inside the box.
- Once the first set of jumping over the baka is done,
the baka player will slowly rise or change to a
LUKSONG LUBID higher position after jumping over the baka player.
- Only the hands of the jumper may touch the back of
The jump rope is one of the famous games in the Philippines. It the person who is bent over.
was invented during the 1700s and the game is played mostly by
girls inside or outside their house.
- If a player fails to avoid contact or falls over the baka.

In the early 1900s jump rope or Luksong Lubid had become No equipment is required in playing Luksong Baka, except for
popular since both boys and girls were playing it these three skills:

Lukso is Tagalog for "jump," and lubid means "rope." - Mobility - the player’s ability to move
easily and freely. The more agile the
The first concrete evidence of jump rope comes from Medieval player is, the higher he can push himself
European paintings of kids jumping rope through the street. up.
 - Stability- it’s the player’s ability to keep his
body parts steady, especially on his waist.
- Strength- once the player is stable, he
can jump as high as possible without
hitting the baka.

MECHANICS

1. To start the game, the players will choose a captain

or leader and an “It” or base player by any
appropriate method.
2. The captain gives a command to straddle-jump over
the “It” and demonstrates this.
3. The rest of the jumpers follow. If all the jumpers can
follow the command, the “It” moves a foot away
from the baseline.
4. Then, the captain gives another command for the
players to do a different kind of jump, making sure to
be the first to do the said action before everyone
else.

A jumper may be punished by becoming the next “it” if he

commits any of the following:

- His feet touched a part of the “It” body as he jumped;

- He failed to perform from the captain’s command; or

- He did not touch the base before he jumped.

- Levels of Luksong Baka

LEVEL 1 / PANDESAL
• The first level, where the baka kneels on
the ground.

LEVEL 2: SPAGHETTI

• The baka will bow with the tips of his/her

hand placed on the ground.
LEVEL 3: ROYAL

•
it's like spaghetti, but the difference is
that the tip of the hands is placed at the
feet of the baka (ankle level).
LEVEL 4: PATAPIK SA PWET

• This is like the previous level, but the

thing is that the players should tap the
butt of the baka before jumping over.

LEVEL 5: PASAYAD

• This is also like the Royal level, but the

player must land their butt partly at the
back of the baka.
LEVEL 6: HORSE-KICK

• Like the pasayad this level also has its

twist. The players should kick the butt of
the baka while they are in the air.

LEVEL 7: STAR

 This is the final level in which the first one

to jump will be the first star and so on.
This time, the baka's hands are placed on
his/her knees. After the jump, each will sit
beside the baka, adding more excitement
to the game.