9402 No 2
9402 No 2
ALLAMA
2
IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY,
ISLAMABAD
ASSIGNMENT No. 2
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Course: Pakistan
Studies (9402)
Level: B.S Islamic
Semester: Autumn,
2023
Student
ID:16pkl01918
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Student Nam:
Fatima Noorulan
Sayed Abdul
Ghafoor Shah
Question No-1
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Question No-2
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1. Vastness of Province:
The Province was spread over the area of 1,
89, 000 square miles with the population of
80 million, which was too vast to be managed
by one lieutenant Governor. He could not
make a tour for the whole province due to its
vastness once in his tenure.
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2. Limited Sources of
Communication:
The sources of communication in the
provinces were limited due to rivers and
forests. The law and order condition of
the provinces was also worst due to
insufficient police and in-efficient
management. Therefore the need of
partition of province was felt severally.
3.Difference of
Language:
There was also the difference of Languages
and civilization of the natives of West Bengal
and East Bengal. The natives of West Bengal
considered themselves superior in
civilization to the resident of East Bengal.
The Condition demanded for the division of
Provinces.
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5. Partition:
The Partition of Bengal was thus calculated
to restore efficiency in the Government and
administration on one hand and encouraged
local initiatives for progress and
development on the other. Lord Curzon
partitioned Bengal and formed two new
provinces of manageable size – East and
West Bengal. East Bengal consisted of
Dacca, Mamansingh, Assam, Kaula,
Rangpur, and Bogra district, the Dacca was
capital of East Bengal constituted a majority
MuslimProvince, while the Bihar and Orissa
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Muslims interest:
It received a favorable response from the
Muslims. It was thought that it would bring
the emancipation of Muslims socially and
economically. The Muslims welcomed the
Partition of Bengal for the following reasons:
1. In the majority province of East
Bengal the Muslims would be free from Hindu
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Question No-3
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Cultural Issues:
The Political and cultural history of the sub-
continent shows that Muslims often
considered some actions of the Hindu
Leaders unfriendly to Muslim’s benefits.
Whenever, Wherever and in whatever
capacity they got a chance to practice their
authority. This phenomenon increased the
differences between the two nations and the
concept of Muslim nationalism in India was
imposed due to this.
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Congress Rule:
The history of Muslim nationalism in India is
mainly in the reaction of the wining of Indian
National Congress. Starting point of the
nationalist movement in India was because,
the Indian National Congress came into
existence. As Congress grew into a political,
nationalist organization, Muslim political
nationalism accelerated Muslim nationalist
thinking.
Language:
Muslim nationalism grew well and did a lot of
work during the Hindi Urdu controversy. On
the very issue, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
predicted about the unstable future of Hindu
Muslim unity. Hindus struggled strongly to
replace Urdu by Hindi as an official language.
This enhanced the importance of the sense
of Muslim separatism i.e. Muslim
Nationalism. Followers of Sir Syed Ahmed
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Manifestos of Muslim
Nationalist:
1. Rule of Law, socio-economic justice,
equity and fair play.
2. Equality of opportunity to all citizens
irrespective of caste, sect, religion, or
region.
3. Religious and Cultural tolerance.
4. Respect for human dignity and rights.
5. Protection of the rights and interests of
non-Muslims and freedom to practice
their beliefs and religions.
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Conclusion:
In conclusion, I would like to say that there
were many major factors that led to the rise
of Muslim nationalism in India. The language,
the cultural gap, Congress’s Hinduism
centered policies, and furthermore the
historic collapse of the economy of the
qasbah, did not allow the Muslims to get
modernized and compatible to era, putting
them behind the Hindus who flourished and
developed in their own socio-political region
of ganjs. This led to Muslims develop a
feeling of a need to protect their rights and
interests through loyalty towards British, an
exclusive approach. Also, various bad
political moves of British government- Lord
Curzon’s decision of partitioning Bengal and
then again re-uniting it in 1906, added with
the rise of Hindu extremism and the growing
influence of extremist Hindu political parties
such as Hindu Mahasabha on the congress
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Question No-4
Q.4. Did the British
accept the Muslim
demand for separate
electorate. Discuss
with reference to the
act of 1909.
Asnwer
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Question No-5
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Political Paticipation:
Muslims committed to a wider Indian sense
of nationality were an integral part of the
independence movement. After partition,
they provided leadership and representation
for Muslims within the context of a secular
mass politics of coalitions of distinct
interests.
Their diminished numbers, and the
association of separate Muslim organizing
with the violence of partition and the trauma
of Muslim families divided, fostered the
practice of coalition politics. However, over
the course of time, the intermediaries
between the state and Muslim citizens came
increasingly to articulate the distinct
elements of Muslim inter-ests and
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