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    Measures of Variability For Ungrouped Data

    Uploaded by

    Sharon

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 16

    Measures of Variability

    UNGROUPED DATA STATISTICS


    Prepared by
    LICTAO, SHARON
    Compare and Answer!
    Two candy machines A and B drop candies when 5-peso
    coin is inserted. In every 5-peso coin inserted, the machine
    will drop a random number of candies. John, did this 9
    times in machine A and Jacob did the same in machine B.
    The results are as follows:
    • Candy Machine A: 2, 4, 3, 2, 5, 3, 4, 1, 3
    Mean = 3, Median = 3, Mode = 3
    • Candy Machine B: 3, 4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 4
    Mean = 3, Median = 3, Mode = 3
    Guide questions:
    1. What is the difference between the two dot
    plots?
    2. Which dot plot displays more spread?
    MEASURES OF
    VARIABILITY

    UNGROUPED DATA
    Measures of dispersion or variability refer to the
    spread of the values about the mean.
    These are important quantities used by statisticians in
    evaluation. Smaller dispersion of scores arising from
    the comparison often indicates more consistency and
    more reliability.
    The most commonly used measures of dispersion are
    the range, the average deviation, the standard
    deviation, and the variance.
    MEASURES OF VARIABILITY (UNGROUPED DATA)
    1. RANGE - the difference between the
    largest value and the smallest value.
    R= H-L
    where R = Range,
    H = Highest/Maximum value,
    L = Lowest/Minimum value
    Examples:
    Test scores of 10, 8, 9, 7, 5, and 3
    What is the range of the data?
    •Data Set A: 10, 9, 7, 7, 8, 9, 6, 7, 8
    Range = 10 – 6 = 4
    •Data Set B: 35, 40, 55, 48, 25, 31, 52
    Range = 55 – 25 = 30
    2. Average Deviation. This measure tells us how far each
    data is from the mean. The following example illustrates how
    to compute the average deviation:
    Example:
    Data Set 1: 6, 8, 5, 5, 6
    • First we need to calculate for the mean.
    • So,
    6+8+5+5+6 30
    𝑥̅ = = = 6
    5 5
    • Next, we subtract the mean from every value in our data
    set. Then take the absolute value of the results.
    • 𝑥−𝑥 ̅= 6−6 = 0 → |0| = 0
    • 𝑥−𝑥 ̅= 8−6 = 2 → |2| = 2
    • 𝑥−𝑥 ̅= 5−6 = -1 → |-1| = 1
    • 𝑥−𝑥 ̅== 45−6 = -1 → |-1| = 1
    • 𝑥−𝑥 ̅= 6−6 = 0 → |0| = 0
    =4
    Solve for the average deviation by taking the
    sum of the absolute values obtained, divided
    by the total number of data
    0+2+1+1+0 4
    Average Deviation = = = 0.8
    5 5
    3. Variance
    It measures how far a set of numbers is spread
    out from the mean. To calculate the variance,
    we use the formula:
    Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2
    • For population, 𝜎 2 =
    𝑁

    Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2
    • For sample size, s =
    2
    𝑛 −1
    Example:
    • Solve for the variance of the given data set
    below (assuming that the data set is the entire
    population).
    Data Set: 10, 15, 25, 10, 12, 18
    • First, calculate the mean of the data set,
    10+15+25+10+12+18 90
    • 𝑥̅ = = = 15
    6 6
    • Next, solve for Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2 . To get the sum of squares,
    subtract the mean from each values, square it and add
    them all.
    (𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = (10−15)2 = (-5)2 = 25
    (𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = (15−15)2 = (0)2 = 0 Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = 168
    (𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = (25−15)2 = (10)2 = 100
    (𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = (10−15)2 = (-5)2 = 25
    (𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = (12−15)2 = (-3)2 = 9
    (𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = (18−15)2 = (3)2 = 9
    σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2 = 168
    • Lastly, solve for the population variance by
    using the formula,
    Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2 168
    2
    𝜎 = = = 28
    𝑁 6
    • Conversely, if the data set is just a sample of an entire
    population, then we will use the formula for the sample
    variance,
    Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2 168 168
    2
    s = = = = 33.6
    𝑛 −1 6−1 6−1
    3. Standard Deviation - is the square root of
    the variance. It measures the spread around
    the mean making it the most reliable
    measure of variability. In symbols,
    •For population, 𝜎 = 𝜎 2
    •For sample size, 𝑠 = 𝜎 2
    • To get the standard deviation we’ll just take the square root
    of the variance.
    Population Variance

    Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2 168
    2
    𝜎 = = = 28 = 28 = 5.29
    𝑁 6

    Sample Variance
    Σ(𝑥−𝑥̅)2 168 168
    2
    s = = = = 33.6 = 33.6 = 5.8
    𝑛 −1 6−1 6−1

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